The Acquisition of English Vowels Reflected in Taiwanese EFL Learners Raung-fu Chung Southern Taiwan...
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Transcript of The Acquisition of English Vowels Reflected in Taiwanese EFL Learners Raung-fu Chung Southern Taiwan...
![Page 1: The Acquisition of English Vowels Reflected in Taiwanese EFL Learners Raung-fu Chung Southern Taiwan University rfchung@mail.stut.edu.tw April 27, Hechun.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfa91a28abf838c99ec3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Acquisition of English Vowels Reflected in Taiwanese
EFL Learners
Raung-fu ChungSouthern Taiwan [email protected]
April 27, Hechun
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Outline of the talk
1. Introduction
2. English as a second or a foreign language?
3. Vowels and vowel acquisition
4. Related theories: MDH and SLM
5. Cases
6. Concluding remarks
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1. Introduction
a. English as a second or a foreign language in Taiwan?
b. English, as a matter of fact, as a third or a fourth language in Taiwan
(i) L1 = native language = Southern Min
(ii) L2 = lingua franca = Mandarin Chinese
(iii) L3 = foreign language = English
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What effects to be considered?
1. Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (Lado 1957)
If x exists in L2 but not L1, it would be difficult to be learned or acquired.
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As predicted by CAH:
1. Phonology
Mandarin English
X []: think
[]: within
[]: usual
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2. Syntax : relative clauses
Mandarin English
RC + NP NP + RC
他昨天買的書 The book that he
bought last night
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Question:
If English in Taiwan is a third language, then English would be interfered with the first language (Southern Min) or the second language (Mandarin Chinese)?
L1 L3 L2
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The question can be answered on the basis of Taiwanese English learners’ acquisition of English consonants or vowels.
However, the present study is entirely based on vowel acquisition.
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Methodology
1. Subjects
2. Reading list
3. Recording
4. Data analysis
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Subjects:
a. Elementary school students: 20 (10 M, and 10 F)
b. College students: 20 (10M, and 10 F)
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Elementary Students:
• location: Tainan City
• Age: average 10
• Grade: 4th
• Language background: L1S.M.
L2Mandarin
L3English
• English learning experience: over 2 years
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Recording word list--1
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Praat System--1 F1 & F2 of [e] in “bay”
F1
F2
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/i/ in 3 languages:
English vowel/ i / from bead
Mandarin vowel/ i / from 鼻子
S. M. vowel/ i / from 米香
F1F2
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Further detailed
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Vowel quality: formants
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What is a formant?
• Ladefoged: A group of overtones corresponding to a resonating frequency of the air in the vocal tract. [P.293]
• Laver: They (formants) represent the acoustic consequences of the changing shapes of the mouth and pharynx in terms of the varying frequency-values of the resonances of the vocal tract. [P.103)
• Pickett: In speech, the resonances of the vocal tract are called formants.[P.23]
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Vocal tract and its type in vowels:
Pickett 1999:41
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Vocal tract shapes for vowels:
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Acoustic cues for vowels:
F1: The value of F1 is in reverse proportion to the height of vowels: If F1 is lower, then the tongue position for the vowel is higher.
F2: The value of F2 is in proportion of the frontness of vowels: If F2 is lower, then it is more fronted in tongue position.
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Formants of English vowels (Olive 1993)
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Formants of a student’s English vowels
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F1 & F2: a vowel chart
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Vowels in other languages
Southern Min (12 males)
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Mandarin Chinese
![Page 26: The Acquisition of English Vowels Reflected in Taiwanese EFL Learners Raung-fu Chung Southern Taiwan University rfchung@mail.stut.edu.tw April 27, Hechun.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfa91a28abf838c99ec3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Thank you for your attention
Comments are welcome!