THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF WILDFOhIL AND · Review site by RatcLiffe (977). Figure 1.1...

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BTO Research Report No. 55 THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF WILDFOhIL AND WADERS ON CARIIARTHEN BAY ( mr I ryhrr /crlrENDRAE TH ) by R. P. Prys-Jones and p. E. Davis A report, from t,he British rrust for ornithology to the Nature Conservancy Council March 1990 \ urM

Transcript of THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF WILDFOhIL AND · Review site by RatcLiffe (977). Figure 1.1...

Page 1: THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF WILDFOhIL AND · Review site by RatcLiffe (977). Figure 1.1 outLines the systemrs current protection by means of three Sites of SpeciaL Scientifjc

BTO Research Report No. 55

THE ABUNDANCE AND

DISTRIBUTION OF WILDFOhIL AND

WADERS ON CARIIARTHEN BAY( mr I ryhrr /crlrENDRAE TH )

by

R. P . P rys -Jones and p . E . Dav is

A report, from t,he Brit ish rrust for ornithologyto the Nature Conservancy Counci l

March 1990

\

urM

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ABSTRACT

T h e r e p o r t d r a w s o n i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e L o n g - t e r m t s i r d s o f E s t u a r j e s E n q u i r y( B o E E ) m o n t h L y c o u n t s , f r o m s p e c i a L s t u d i e s c a r r i e d o u t d u r i n g w j n t e r1 9 8 7 / 8 8 , f r o m u n p u b L i s h e d c o u n t y r e c o r d s a n d f r o m t h e a v a i L a b { e L i t e r a t u r e j n

o r d e r t o p r o v i d e a c o m p r e h e n s i v e a s s e s s m e n t o f c u r r e n t k n o w L e d g e o f t h ea b u n d a n c e a n d w i n t e r i n g d i s t r i b u t j o n o f w i L d f o w L a n d w a d e r s t h r o u g h o u t t h eC a r m a r t h e n B a y e s t u a r i n e s y s t e m .

T h e i n t e r t i d a L b i r d f a u n a o f t h e C a r m a r t h e n t s a y B o E E s i t e i s p o s s i b l y L e s sw e L L d o c u m e n t e d t h a n t h a t o f a L m o s t a n y o t h e r L a r g e e s t u a r i n e a r e a i nB r i t a i n . T h e e p i s o d ' i c , u n s t a n d a r d j z e d a n d i n c o m p L e t e n a t u r e o f B o E E c o u n t i n ga t t h i s s i t e o v e r t h e y e a r s m a k e s r e L i a b L e a s s e s s m e n t o f t h e r e g u L a rw i n t e r i n g p o p u L a t i o n d i f f i c u L t a n d p r e c L u d e s u s e f u L a n a L y s i s o f p a s s a g ep o p u L a t i o n s . E v e n f o r t h e w i n t e r p e r i o d , m o s t d a t a r e L a t e t o t h e e s t u a r i e so f t h e T a f , T y w i a n d G w e n d r a e t h , ( t h e " T h r e e R i v e r s " ) w i t h o n L y v e r y s p a r s ei n f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e c o n t i g u o u s s a n d y b e a c h e s o f P e n d i n e S a n d s a n d C e f nS i d a n .

C o m p a r i s o n o f w i n t e r B o E E c o u n t s f o r t h e f a f , T y w i a n d G w e n d r a e t h f r o m t h ee a r L y 1 9 7 0 s a n d m i d 1 9 8 C s s u g g e s t s o n L y L i m i t e d c h a n g e s j n p o p u L a t i o n sp r e s e n t , w i t h O y s t e r c a t c h e r s a p p a r e n t L y h a v i n g d e c L i n e d o n t h e T a f a n dp r o b a b L e i n c r e a s e s h a v i n g o c c u r r e d i n S h e L d u c k a n d R e d s h a n k n u m b e r s o n t h eT y w i / G w e n d r a e t h . T h e m o s t n o t a b L e i n t e r t i d a L b i r d p o p u L a t i o n c u r r e n t L yr e g u L a r L y w i n t e r i n g w i t h i n t h e T h r e e R j v e r s i s a n a t i o n a L L y i m p o r t a n t o n e o fO y s t e r c a t c h e r . T h e a r e a h a s a f u n t h e r s i g n i f i c a n c e a s a c c L d w e a t h e r r e f u g ef o r c e r t a i n s p e c i e s , e . g . l . J i g e o n . C e f n S j d a n r e g u L a r L y s u p p o r t s an a t i o n a L L y ' i m p o r t a n t w i n t e r i n g p o p u L a t i o n o f S a n d e r L i n g a n d , o n o c c a s i o n ,n a t i o n a L L y i m p o r t a n t n u m b e r s o f B a r - t a j L e d G o d w i t , a L t h o u g h t h e s e L a t t e rb j r d s p r o b a b L y o n L y a p p e a r e p i s o d i c a L L y f r o m t h e n e i g h b o u r i n g B u r r y I n L e t .O v e r a L L , t h e C a r m a r t h e n B a y B o E E s i t e p r o b a b L y s u p p o n t s a r e g u L a r w i n t e r i n gp o p u L a t i o n o f a b o u t 1 1 5 0 0 w i L d f o w L a n d 1 2 r 5 O O w a d e r s , t h e L a t t e r t o t a L w e L Le x c e e d i n g t h e 1 0 1 0 0 0 r e q u i r e d f o r n a t i o n a L i m p o r t a n c e . T h e S a n d e n L i n gp o p u L a t i o n i s p r o b a b L y t h e s e c o n d L a r g e s t o n a n y U . K . e s t u a r i n e s i t e , a n dm o r e c o m p r e h e n s i v e c o u n t i n g m i g h t w e L L r e v e a L i t t o b e o f i n t e r n a t i o n a Li m p o r t a n c e . A n o t h e r s p e c i e s f o r w h i c h C a r m a n t h e n B a y i s p a r t i c u L a r L yi m p o r t a n t , t h e C o m m o n S c o t e r , p r e d o m i n a n t L y o c c u r s o f f s h o r e a n d s o h , a s n o tc o v e r e d i n t h e p r e s e n t s t u d y .

T h e s p e c i a L s t u d i e s i n w i n t e r 1 9 8 7 / 8 8 r e v e a L e d t h a t m o s t o f t h e C a r m a r t h e nB a y s i t e i s i m p o r t a n t f o r o n e o r m o r e o f t h e s p e c i e s p r e s e n t , m a k i n g i td i f f i c u L t t o s i n g L e o u t d i s c r e t e a r e a s a s b e i n g o f e s p e c i a L c o n s e n v a t i o ns i g n i f i c a n c e . T w o a r e a s w o r t h y o f p a r t i c u L a r m e n t i o n , h o w e v e r , a r e t h ei m p o r t a n c e o f S a L m o n P o i n t S c a r , a t t h e j u n c t i o n o f t h e T y w i a n d G w e n d r a e t h ,f o r 0 y s t e r c a t c h e r j n p a r t i c u L a r a n d o f C e f n S i d a n a n d , p r o b a b L y , P e n d i n eS a n d s f o r S a n d e r L i n g . T r e a t m e n t o f t h e e n t i r e s i t e a s a s i n g L e u n i t f o rconse rva t ' i on pu rposes wou Ld appea r des i rab Le , as the re i s undoub ted Lyc o n s i d e r a b L e i n t e r c h a n g e o f t h e i r b i r d p o p u L a t i o n s ; s o m e b i r d s m a y a L s ot r e a t t h e s i t e a s a c o m p l e x w i t h t h e B u r r y I n L e t .

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Page 4: THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF WILDFOhIL AND · Review site by RatcLiffe (977). Figure 1.1 outLines the systemrs current protection by means of three Sites of SpeciaL Scientifjc

1 .

2 .

3 .

4 .

C ONTENTS

ABSTRACT

CONTENTS

I N T R O D U C T I O N

A I M S

S T U D Y A R E A A N D M E T H O D S

POPULATIONS PRESENT IN I ^ , INTER

4 . 1 T H E C O N C E P T S O F N A T I O N A L A N D I N T E R N A T I O N A LIMPOR IAN C E

T H E T A F

T H E T Y W I / G W E N D R A E T H

C E F N S I D A N

OVERALL IMPORTANCE OF THE CARMARTHEN BAYS I T E

I N T R A - S I T E S P E C I E S D I S T R I B U T I O N P A T T E R N S

5 . 1 S H E L D U C K

5.2 t . l IGEON

5 . 3 T E A L

5 . 4 M A L L A R D

5 . 5 R E D . B R E A S T E D M E R G A N S E R

5 . 6 O Y S T E R C A T C H E R

5 . 7 R I N G E D P L O V E R

5 . 8 G R E Y P L O V E R

5 . 9 L A P h ' I N G

5 . 1 0 K N o T

5 . 1 1 S A N D E R L I N G

5 . 1 2 D U N L I N

P a g e

1 3

1 B

1 B

1 8

1 8

1 B

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

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3

4

B

4 .2

4 .3

4 .4

4 .5

1 2

13

5 .

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6 .

7 .

g .

9 .

5 .13 BLACK-TAILED GODI . I IT

5 .14 BAR-TAILED GODI 'J IT

5 . 1 5 C U R L E h I

5 . 1 6 R E D S H A N K

5 . 1 7 T U R N S T O N E

S Y N T H E S I S A N D C O N C L U S I O N S

ACKNOTdLEDGMENTS

R E F E R E N C E S

APPEND I CES

Page

27

27

27

\27

27

32

33

34

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5 , 1 A v e r a g e u s a g e o f e a c h c o u n t s e c t o r b y S h e L d u c k d u r i n g 1 9w i n t e r 1 9 8 7 1 8 8 , e x p r e s s e d a s a p e r c e n t a g e o f o v e r a L Ls i t e u s a g e b y t h e s p e c i e s .

L i s t o f F i gu res

F i g u r e

&-

1 . 1 T h e C a r m a r t h e n B a y B o E E s i t e , s h o w i n g i t s c u r r e n tp r o t e c t i o n b y m e a n s o f t h r e e S i t e s o f S p e c i a LS c i e n t i f i c I n t e r e s t .

3 . 1 T h e C a r m a r t h e n B a y B o E E s i t e , s h o w i n g p L a c e n a m e sm e n t i o n e d i n t h e t e x t .

3 . 2 C o u n t s e c t o r s a d o p t e d f o r t h e s p e c i a L s t u d i e s i nw i n t e r 1 9 8 7 / 8 8 .

5 . 3 A v e r a g e u s a g e o f e a c h c o u n t s e c t o r b y T e a L d u r i n gw i n t e r 1 9 8 7 / 8 8 , e x p r e s s e d a s a p e r c e n t a g e o f o v e r a L Ls i t e u s a g e b y t h e s p e c i e s .

5 . 1 0 A v e r a g e u s a g e o f e a c h c o u n t s e c t o r b y K n o t d u r i n gw i n t e r 1 9 8 7 / 8 8 , e x p r e s s e d a s a p e r c e n t a g e o f o v e r a L Ls i t e u s a g e b y t h e s p e c i e s .

5 . 1 1 A v e r a g e u s a g e o f e a c h c o u n t s e c t o r b y S a n d e r L i n gd u r i n g w i n t e r 1 9 8 7 / 8 8 , e x p r e s s e d a s a p e r c e n t a g e o fo v e r a L L s i t e u s a g e b y t h e s p e c i e s .

P a g e

2

20

25

5 . 4 A v e r a g e u s a g e o f e a c h c o u n t s e c t o r b y M a L L a r d d u r i n g 2 1w i n t e r 1 9 8 7 / 8 8 , e x p n e s s e d a s a p e r c e n t a g e o f o v e r a L Ls i t e u s a g e b y t h e s p e c i e s .

5 . 6 A v e r a g e u s a g e o f e a c h c o u n t s e c t o r b y 0 y s t e r c a t c h e r 2 3d u r i n g w i n t e r 1 9 8 7 1 8 8 , e x p r e s s e d a s a p e r c e n t a g e o fo v e r a L L s i t e u s a g e b y t h e s p e c i e s .

5 . 9 A v e r a g e u s a g e o f e a c h c o u n t s e c t o r b y L a p w i n g d u r i n g / +w i n t e r 1 9 8 7 / 8 8 , e x p r e s s e d a s a p e r c e n t a g e o f o v e r a L Ls i t e u s a g e b y t h e s p e c i e s .

2 6

5 . 1 2 A v e r a g e u s a g e o f e a c h c o u n t s e c t o r b y D u n l i n d u r i n g 2 8w i n t e r 1 9 8 7 / 8 8 , e x p r e s s e d a s a p e r c e n t a g e o f o v e r a L Ls i t e u s a g e b y t h e s p e c i e s .

5 . 1 4 A v e r a g e u s a g e o f e a c h c o u n t s e c t o r b y B a r - t a i L e d G o d w i t Z gd u r i n g w i n t e r 1 9 8 7 / 8 8 , e x p r e s s e d a s a p e r c e n t a g e o fo v e r a L L s i t e u s a g e b y t h e s p e c i e s .

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Page

305 . 1 5 A v e r a g e u s a g e o f e a c h c o u n t s e c t o r b y C u r L e w d u r i n gw i n t e r 1 9 8 7 1 8 8 , e x p r e s s e d a s a p e r c e n t a g e o f o v e r a L Ls i t e u s a g e b y t h e s p e c i e s .

5 . 1 6 A v e r a g e u s a g e o f e a c h c o u n t s e c t o r b y R e d s h a n k d u r i n g 3 1w i n t e r 1 9 8 7 / 8 8 , e x p r e s s e d a s a p e r c e n t a g e o f o v e r a L Ls i t e u s a g e b y t h e s p e c i e s .

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L i s t o f TabLes

T a b L e

trr4 . 1 Q u a L i f y i n g L e v e L s f o r n a t i o n a L a n d j n t e r n a t i o n a L

i m p o r t a n c e .

4 . 2 E s t i m a t e s o f i n t e r t i d a L b i r d p o p u L a t i o n s p r e s e n ti n w i n t e r ( N o v - F l a r ) o n t h e T a f e s t u a r y .

4 . 3 E s t j m a t e s o f i n t e n t i d a L b i r d p o p u L a t i o n s p r e s e n ti n w i n t e r ( N o v - M a r ) o n t h e T y w i a n d G w e n d r a e t he s t u a r i e s -

4 . 4 H ' i g h e s t m o n t h L y a v e r a g e c o u n t s f r o m t h e s p e c j a L1 9 8 7 / 8 8 w i n t e r s t u d i e s f o r C e f n S i d a n a n d f o rC e f n S i d a n a n d T y w i / G w e n d r a e t h c o m b i n e d .

4 . 5 E s t i m a t e s o f i n t e n t i d a L w a t e r f o w L p o p u L a t i o n sp r e s e n t i n w i n t e r o n t h e o v e r a L L C a r m a r t h e n B a ys i t e , b a s e d o n B o E E c o u n t s a n d t h e s p e c i a L1 9 8 7 / 8 8 s t u d i e s .

P a g e

9

1 0

1 1

14

1 6

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Page 10: THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF WILDFOhIL AND · Review site by RatcLiffe (977). Figure 1.1 outLines the systemrs current protection by means of three Sites of SpeciaL Scientifjc

L i s t o f A p p e n d j c e s

Append i xN o . P a g e

9 . 1 P e a k c o u n t s f o r e a c h s e c t o r r e c o r d e d d u r i n g 3 5t h e s p e c i a L s t u d i e s , N o v e m b e r 1 9 8 7 t oF e b r u a r y 1 9 8 8 .

9 . 2 A v e r a g e c o u n t s f o r e a c h s e c t o r r e c o r d e dd u r i n g t h e s p e c i a L s t u d i e s , N o v e m b e r l g B Tt o F e b r u a r y 1 9 8 8 .

9 . 3 S c i e n t i f i c n a m e s o f s p e c i e s m e n t j o n e d j nt h e t e x t .

9 . 4 A v e r a g e m o n t h l y B o E E c o u n t s i n w i n t e r( N o v e m b e r - f v l a r c h ) f o r t h e p e r i o d N o v e m b e r1982 to Novembe r 1987 on the Taf andT y w i / G w e n d r a e t h .

9 . 5 M o n t h L y a v e r a g e c o u n t s f o r t h e T a f a n dt h e T y w i / G w e n d r a e t h f r o m t h e s p e c i a Ls t u d i e s c a r r i e d o u t b e t w e e n N o v e m b e r 1 9 8 2a n d F e b r u a r y 1 9 8 8 .

9 . 6 M o n t h L y p e a k c o u n t s f o r t h e T a f a n d t h eT y w i / G w e n d r a e t h f r o m t h e s p e c i a L s t u d i e sc a r r i e d o u t b e t w e e n N o v e m b e r 1 9 8 T a n dF e b r u a r y 1 9 8 8 .

9 . 7 M o n t h l y c o u n t s f o r C e f n S j d a n f r o m t h es p e c i a L s t u d i e s c a r r i e d o u t b e t w e e n N o v e m b e r1 9 8 7 a n d M a r c h 1 9 8 8 .

36

37

38

39

40

4 1

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Page 12: THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF WILDFOhIL AND · Review site by RatcLiffe (977). Figure 1.1 outLines the systemrs current protection by means of three Sites of SpeciaL Scientifjc

INTRODU CTION

T h e i n t e r t i d a L b i r d f a u n a o f t h e e s t u a r i e s o f t h e T a f , T y w i a n d G w e n d r a e t h( 5 1 . 4 5 N , 4 . 2 5 W ) , w h i c h t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e c o n t i g u o u s s a n d y s h o r e s o f C e f nS i d a n a n d P e n d i n e S a n d s c o m p r i s e t h e C a r m a r t h e n B a y B i r d s o f E s t u a r i e sE n q u ' i r y ( B o E E ) s i t e , i s p o s s i b L y L e s s w e L L d o c u m e n t e r j t h a n t h a t o f a L m o s t a n yo t h e r L a r g e e s t u a r j n e a r e a i n B r i t a i n . T h i s i s i n s p i t e o f t h e f a c t t h a t t h en a t u r e c o n s e r v a t i o n i m p o r t a n c e o f t h e s y s t e m h a s b e e n c L e a r L y r e c o g n j z e d .T h e i n t e r t i d a L f L a t s , m a r s h a n d d u n e s o f T y w y n G w e n d r a e t h o n t h e s o u t h s i d eo f t h e G w e n d r a e t h e s t u a r y t , l e r e d e s j g n a t e d a s a g r a d e 2 N a t u r e C o n s e r v a t j o nR e v i e w s i t e b y R a t c L i f f e ( 9 7 7 ) . F i g u r e 1 . 1 o u t L i n e s t h e s y s t e m r s c u r r e n tp r o t e c t i o n b y m e a n s o f t h r e e S i t e s o f S p e c i a L S c i e n t i f j c I n t e r e s t ( S S S I ) . Af o u r t h S S S I , M a r r o s - P e n d i n e c o a s t , i s a d j a c e n t t o t h e w e s t e r n e n d o f t h es y s t e m , a n d a f i f t h S S S I , B u r r y I n L e t , i s a d j a c e n t t o i t s e a s t e r n e n d .P r o p o s a L s a r e c u r r e n t t y i n h a n d t o e x t e n d t h e c u r r e n t L a u g h a r n e B u r r o w s S S S Ii n t o a P e n d j n e a n d L a u g h a r n e B u r r o w s S S S I w h i c h w i L L b e s e p a r a t e d f r o m t h eM a r r o s - P e n d j n e c o a s t s s s l o n L y b y p e n d j n e v i L L a g e b e a c h .

T h e p r e s e n t r e p o r t h a s b e e n p r o d u c e d i n t h e L i g h t o f t h e n a t u r e c o n s e r v a t i o ni m p o r t a n c e o f t h e s y s t e m , t h e L a c k o f r e a d i L y a v a i L a b L e , u p - t o - d a t ei n f o r m a t i o n o n i t s b i r d p o p u L a t i o n s , a n d t h e i n c r e a s i n g t h r e a t t o j t o fp o t e n t i a L d e v e L o p m e n t s . I t i s a i m e d a t p r o v i d i n g a b a s e L i n e o f i n f o r m a t i o nr e g a r d i n g t h e r e c e n t a b u n d a n c e a n d d j s t r j b u t i o n o f t h e w a d e r a n d w i L d f o w Lp o p u L a t i o n s p r e s e n t , o n w h i c h m o r e d e t a i L e d s t u d j e s c o m m i s s i o n e d i n r e L a t i o nt o s p e c i f i c d e v e L o p m e n t p r o p o s a L s m a y b e g r o u n d e d .

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j ) T o a n a l y s e a v a j L a b L e r e c e n t B o E E d a t a i n o r d e r t o p r o v i d q a b a s e L i n eo f j n f o r m a t i o n o n t h e w i n t e r i n g p o p u L a t i o n s o f w i L d f o w L a n d w a d e r sp r e s e n t o n t h e C a r m a r t h e n B a y s i t e .

i i ) T o e v a L u a t e p a t t e r n s o f u s a g e o f k e y i n t e r t i d a L a r e a s o f t h eC a r m a r t h e n B a y s i t e b y w i L d f o w L a n d w a d e r s d u r i n g w i n t e r l g \ l l 8 8 .

i j i ) T o s y n t h e s i z e t h e i n f o r m a t i o n o b t a i n e d t o p r o v i d e a n a s s e s s m e n t o f t h ec o n s e r v a t i o n i m p o r t a n c e o f t h e C a r m a r t h e n B a y s j t e t o w i L d f o w L a n dwade rs -

Page 15: THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF WILDFOhIL AND · Review site by RatcLiffe (977). Figure 1.1 outLines the systemrs current protection by means of three Sites of SpeciaL Scientifjc
Page 16: THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF WILDFOhIL AND · Review site by RatcLiffe (977). Figure 1.1 outLines the systemrs current protection by means of three Sites of SpeciaL Scientifjc

3 . S T U D Y A R E A A N D M E T H O D S

T h e e p i s o d i c , u n s t a n d a r d i z e d a n d ' i n c o m p L e t e n a t u r e o f B o E E c o u n t i n g o n t h eC a r m a r t h e n B a y s i t e o v e r t h e y e a r s m a k e s r e L i a b L e a s s e s s m e n t o f i t s r e g u L a rw i n t e r i n g b i n d p o p u L a t i o n s e x t r e m e L y d i f f i c u L t . A n u m b e r o f a p p r o a c h e s a r et h e r e f o r e u s e d i n t h e p r e s e n t r e p o r t , t h e r e L a t i v e m e r i t s o f w h i c h a r ed i s c u s s e d a s a p p r o p r i a t e . A n e c e s s a r y p r e c u r s o r , h o w e v e r , t o a n yc o n s i d e r a t i o n o f t h e a v a i L a b L e c o u n t s i s d e f i n i t i o n o f t h e o p t i m a i a r e a w h i c ht h e y s h o u L d i n t h e o r y e n c o m p a s s . P r a t e r ( 1 9 8 1 ) h a s p r o v j d e d a n o v e r v i e w o ft h e p h y s i c a L a n d b i o L o g i c a L c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e s i t e , a n d k e y p L a c e sw i t h i n i t m e n t i o n e d i n t h e t e x t b e L o w a r e m a p p e d o n F i g u r e 3 . 1 .

T o t h e i r e a s t , t h e e s t u a r i e s o f t h e T a f , T y w i a n d G w e n d r a e t h a r e L j n k e d t ot h e B u r r y I n l e t B o E E s i t e b y t h e L o n g , w i d e , s a n d y b e a c h o f C e f n S i d a n ;t h e r e i s t h u s n o n a t u r a L b o u n d a r y o f r o c k y , o p e n c o a s t s e p a r a t i n g t h e s e t w os y s t e m s - B o E E c o v e r a g e o f t h e s o u t h - w e s t c o r n e r o f t h i s L i n k i n g a r e a ,c o m p r i s i n g t h e c r e e k s a n d m a r s h o f P e m b r e y B u r r o w s w e s t t o t h e c o a s t g u a r dL o o k o u t ( 5 1 . 4 1 N ' 4 . 1 7 W ) ' h a s t r a d i t i o n a L L y b e e n a s p a r t o f t h e B u r r y I n L e tc o u n t s - T h e p r a c t i c a L u t i L j t y o f t h i s a p p r o a c h h a s r e c e n t L y b e e nu n d e r w r i t t e n b y t h e i n c o r p o r a t i o n o f P e m b r e y B u r r o w s i n t o t h e p r o p o r l d B u r r yI n L e t R a m s a r / S P A s i t e , a n d c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f j t s b i r d p o p u L a t i o n s w a s i n c L u d e di n a r e c e n t c o m p r e h e n s i v e r e v i e w o f w a t e r f o w L a b u n d a n c e a n d d j s t r i b u t i o n o nt h e B u r r y I n l e t ( P r y s - J o n e s e t 4 . 1 9 8 9 ) . T h i s t h e r e f o r e p r o v i d e s ac o n V e n i e n t b o u n d a r y b e t w e e n t r r e f f i 1 a L t h o u g h c L e a r L y L e a v i n g o p e n t h eq u e s t i o n a s t o w h e t h e r o n o r n i t h o L o g i c a L g r o u n d s i t r n i g h t b e b e t t e r t o t r e a tB u r r y I n L e t a n d C a r m a r t h e n B a y a s a s i n g l e s y s t e m l t h i s p o i n t w i L L b er e t u r n e d t o i n t h e S y n t h e s i s a n d C o n c L u s i o n s c h a p t e r . T h e r e m a i n d e r o f C e f nS i d a n , n o r t h - w e s t f r o m t h e c o a s t g u a r d L o o k o u t , t h u s f a L L s w i t h i n t h eC a r m a r t h e n B a y s i t e , b u t i n p r a c t i c e o n L y t h e r o o s t i n g b i r d s a t j t s n o r t h e r nt i p , T y w y n P o i n t , h a v e b e e n i n c L r : d e d i n B o E E c o u n t s , a n d e v e n t h e s e a r en o r m a L L y c o u n t e d f r o m t h e n o r t h b a n k o f t h e G w e n q J r a e t h .

A t i t s w e s t e r n e n d , a L e s s a m b i g u o u s b o u n d a r y t o t h e C a r m a r t h e n B a y s i t e i sp r o v i d e d b y t h e w e s t e r n e n d o f P e n d j n e S a n d s a t G i L m a n P o i n t ( 5 1 . 4 4 N , 4 . 3 3 V D ;t h j s i s t h e w e s t e r n e x t r e m i t y o f a c o n t ' i n u o u s , w i d e , s a n d y b e a c h s l n e t c h i n gf r o m t h e m o u t h o f t h e T a f . I n p r a c t i c e , h o w e v e r , t h e a . " i w e s t c f G i n s tP o i n t a t t h e m o u t h o f t h e T a f h a s v e r y s e L d o m b e e n i n c l u d e d i n B o E E c o u n t sd u e b o t h t o p r o b l e m s o f a c c e s s a n d L a c k o f c o u n t e r s . I t r n l a s a L s o n o t c o v e r e di n t h e s p e c i a L s t u d i e s i n w i n t e r 1 9 8 7 / 8 8 ( s e e b e L o w ) a n d h a s t h e r e f o r e b e e no m i t t e d f r o m t h e m a p s i n c L u d e d i n t h i s r e p o r t t o s a v e s p a c e .

B o E E c o u n t s a r e u s u a l l y m a d e n e a r t o h i g h t i d e o n a w e e k e n d d a t e n e a r t h em j d d L e o f e a c h m o n t h c h o s e n t o c o i n c i d e w i t h s p r i n g t i d e s . F u L L d e t a i L s o fg e n e r a L B o E E m e t h o d o l o g y a n d t h e r a t i o n a L e b e h j n d i t a r e p r o v j d e d b y p r a t e r( 1 9 8 1 ) . l r | i n t e n ( N o v e m b e r - M a r c h ) c o v e r a g e o f e v e n t h e c e n t r a L " T h r e e R i v e r s , ,p a r t o f t h e C a r m a r t h e n B a y s i t e , j . e . t h e T a f , T y w i a n d G w e n d r a e t h e s t u a n i e sb e t w e e n G i n s t P o i n t i n t h e w e s t a i ? - T y w y n P o i n t i ; t h e e a s t , h a s h o w e v e r b e e nv e r y e r r a t i c . 0 n b o t h t h e T a f a n d T y w ' r , c o u n t i n g d u r i n g t h e 1 9 7 0 s h , a sc o n f i n e d a L m o s t e n t i n e L y t o 1 9 6 9 / 7 0 a n d 1 9 7 0 / 7 1 ; o n t h e G w e n d r a e t h ,a d d i t i o n a L c o v e r a g e w a s a c h i e v e d i n 1 9 7 4 / 7 5 a n d 1 9 7 5 / 7 6 . D u r . i n g t h e 1 9 g 0 s ,t h e T a f w a s c o v e r e d f r o m 1 9 8 2 / 8 3 t o 1 9 8 6 / 8 7 i n c L u s i v e , a L t h o u g h n o tn e c e s s a r i L y c o m p r e h e n s i v e t y a n d n o t a t a L L i n s o m e w i n t e r r n o n t h s ; c o v e r a g eo f b o t h t h e T y w i a n d t h e G w e n d r a e t h r l a s r e s t r i c t e d t o 1 9 8 6 / 8 1 , h b w e v e r . T h eo n t y m o n t h s d u r i n g t h e 1 9 8 0 s w h e n e s s e n t i a L L y c o m p L e t e c o v e r a g e o f t h e T a f ,

Page 17: THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF WILDFOhIL AND · Review site by RatcLiffe (977). Figure 1.1 outLines the systemrs current protection by means of three Sites of SpeciaL Scientifjc

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T y w i a n d G w e n d r a e t hM a r c h 1 9 8 7 .

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A c o u n t e r s ' m e e t i n g w a s o r g a n i z e d i n M a y 1 9 8 7 i n L L a n e L L i w i t h t h e a i m o fp L a c i n g c o u n t i n g a t t h e s i t e o n a c o n s i s t e n t a n d c o m p r e h e n s i v e b a s j s f o r t h ef u t u r e . U n f o r t u n a t e L y , h o w e v e r , n o s t a n d a r d B o E E c o u n t d a t a a t a L 1 , h a v e b e e ns u b m i t t e d t o t h e B T 0 f o n a n y m o n t h a f t e r l . l o v e m b e r 1 9 8 7 , a L t h o u g h s o m e L e v e Lo f c o u n t i n g e f f o r t h a s c o n t i n u e d s j n c e t h e n . D . R o b e r t s ( i n L j t t . ) h a sk i n d L y m a d e a v a i L a b L e e s t u a r i e s d a t a f r o m t h e C a r m a r t h e n s h i r e c o l l r f f - r e c o r d sf o r t h e p e r i o d D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 7 t o D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 8 i n c L u s i v e , b u t t h e s e a r eL a r g e L y u n c o o r d i n a t e d c o u n t s a n d s i g h t i n g s a n d a s s u c h m u s t b e i n t e r p r e t e dw i t h c a r e . R e n e w e d a t t e m p t s a t B o E E c o u n t o r g a n i z a t i o n i n 1 g 8 g w i L Lh o p e f u L L y e n s u r e f u t u r e c o v e r a g e f n c m t h e s t a r t o f 1 9 9 0 .

D u r i n g w i n t e r 1 9 8 7 / 8 8 , a p r o g r a m m e o f s p e c i a L s t u d i e s o n t h e b i r d p o p u L a t i o n so f t h e T a f , T y w i a n d G w e n d r a e t h e s t u a r j e s l l a s o r g a n j z e d b y t h e t s T g E s t u a r i e sU n i t a n d c a r r i e d o u t b y P e t e r D a v i s o f t h e i r | C C t l a L e s F i e l d U n i t . T h e T a f ' , a sd i v i d e d i n t o f i v e s e c t o r s ( A - E o n F ' i g u r e 3 . 2 ) a n d t h e T y w i l G w e n d r a e t h i n t os i x ( F - K o n F i g u r e 3 . 2 ) . F e t ' l b i r d s h , e r e p r e s e n t i n t h e i n t e r v e n i n g g a p t ot h e s o u t h - e a s t o f t l h a r L e y P o i n t ( P . D a v i s , p e r s . o b s . ) . E a c h e s t u a r y , u a sc o u n t e d o n a t L e a s t 1 0 d a y s s p r e a d b e t w e e n t h e s t a r t o f N o v e m b e r a n d t h e e n do f F e b r u a r y w i t h , o n a v e r a g e , t w o c o u n t s b e i n g m a d e p e r s e c t o r p e r d a y . T h eg r e a t m a j o n i t y o f c o u n t s h , e r e c o n d u c t e d d u r i n g L o w t i d e , j . e . f r o m f o u rh o u r s b e f o r e L o w w a t e r u n t i L f o u r h o u r s a f t e r ( { . e r y s - j o n 6 d - e t a L . 1 g 1 9 l ,a n d t h u s p r o v i d e d i n f o r m a t i o n n o t o n L y o n n u m b e E o f i n t e r t i d a L F l - s p r e s e n tb u t a L s o o n p a t t e r n s o f e s t u a r i n e u s e b y t h e v a r i o u s s p e c i e s . I n a d d j t i o n ,C e f n S i d a n w a s s p l j t i n t o f o u r s e c t o r s ( L - O o n F ' i g u r e 3 . 2 ) a n d a n e f f o r t m a d et o o b t a i n m o n t h L y L o w t i d e c o u n t s f o r t h e s e f r o m N o v e m b e r 1 9 8 7 t o M a r c h 1 9 8 8i n c L u s i v e . A c c e s s t o s e c t o r L , L y i n g w i t h j n a n R A F b o m b i n g r a n g e , p o s e d ap a r t i c u L a r p r o b L e m a n d c o v e r a g e o f i t w a s o n L y a c h i e v e d o n t h r e e o c c a s i o n s .B r e a k d o w n s o f t h e p e a k a n d a v e r a g e c o u n t s r e c o r d e d f o r e a c h s p e c i e s j n e a c hs e c t o r a r e p r o v i d e d i n A p p e n d i c e s 9 . 1 a n d g . z r e s p e c t i v e L y .

I n C h a p t e r 4 t a s s e s s m e n t i s m a d e o f t h e w i n t e r p o p u L a t i o n s i z e s o f w a t e r f o w Ls p e c i e s w i t h i n t h e C a r m a r t h e n B a y s i t e . C o m p a r i s o n i s r n a d e o f p o p u L a t i o ne s t i m a t e s f r o m B o E E c o u n t s c o n d u c t e d i n t h e e a r L y 1 9 7 0 s a n d m i d 1 9 8 0 s , a n dt h e r e c e n t t s o E E d a t a a L s o c o m p a r e d w i t h i n f o r m a t i o n d e r i v e d f r o m t h e s p e c - i a Lw i n t e r 1 9 8 7 / 8 8 s t u d i e s a n d f r o m t h e 1 9 8 7 / 8 8 c o u n t y r e c o r d s . g f f s h o r e s e ad u c k , n o t a b l y C o m m o n S c o t e r , a r e e x c L u d e d a s n e i t h e r t h e B o E E c o r : n t s n o r t h es p e c i a I s t u d i e s c o u L d a d e q u a t e L y c o v e r t h e m . A L L a s s e s s m e n t f r o m B o E Ec o v e r a g e o f r e c e n t w i n t e r p o p u L a t i o n s i s m a d e u s i n g h ' i g h e s t a v e r a g e m o n t h L yc o u n t s , a s u s e d b y P r a t e r ( 9 8 1 ) , b a s e d o n a L L 1 9 8 0 s d a t a , r a t h e r t h a n t h en o r m a L c u r r e n t p r a c t i c e o f u s i n g a v e r a g e p e a k w i n t e r c o u n t s o v e r t h e m o s tr e c e n t f i v e - y e a r p e r i o d ( o u t L i n e d j n S a L m o n e t a L . 1 9 8 9 ) . U n d e r m o s tc i r c u m s t a n c e s , t h e L a t t e r t e c h n i q u e r e s u L t s : i i - T [ i g h t L y h i g h e r p o p u L a t i o ne s t i m a t e s , p n o b a b L y b e t t e r a p p r o x i m a t ' i n g t h e a v e r a g e m a x i m u m u s a g e o f a s i t e( s e e P r a t e r 1 9 8 1 t p p 1 2 9 - 1 3 0 , f o r d i s c u s s i o n o f t h i s p o i n i ) . H o w e v e r ,b e c a u s e t h e T a f , T y w ' i a n d G w e n d r a e t h e s t u a r i e s h a v e b e e n c o m p [ e t e L y c o v e r e di n o n L y t h r e e B o E E c o u n t s d u r i n g t h e 1 9 8 C s , i n e a c h c a s e a t t h e b e g i n n i n g o re n d o f a w i n t e r w h e n p o p u l a t i o n s t e n d t o b e L o w e r t h a n i n m i d w i n t e i , u s e o fa v e r a g e p e a k w i n t e r c o u n t s r e s u L t s i n a n a r t i f j c i a L L y L o w o v e r a L L p o p u L a t j o ne s t i m a t e . T h i s p o i n t i s e L a b o r a t e d o n i n c h a p t e r 4 .

S c i e n t i f i c n a m e s o f a L L s p e c i e s a r e g i v e n j n A p p e n d i x 9 . 3 .

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4 . POPULATIONS PRESENT IN WINTER

4.1 THE c0NcEPTS 0 F NATT0NAL AND r I 'TTERNATToNAL TMpoRTANcE

C r i t e r j a f o r i n t e r n a t i o n a L i m p o r t a n c e h a v e b e e n a g r e e d b y t h e C , o n t n a c t i n gP a n t i e s t o t h e R a m s a r C o n v e n t i o n . U n d e r o n e c r i t e r i o n , a w e t L a n d i sc o n s i d e r e d i n t e r n a t i o n a L L y ' i m p o r t a n t i f i t r e g u L a n L y h o L d s 1 ) 4 o f t h ei n d j v i d u a L s i n a p o p u L a t i o n o f o n e s p e c i e s o r s u b s p e c i e s o f w a t e r f o w L , w h i L ea n y s i t e r e g u L a r L y h o L d i n g a t o t a L o f 2 0 1 0 0 0 o r m o r e w a t e r f o w L ( w i L d f o w L a n dw a d e n s ) a L s o q u a L i f j e s ( R a m s a r C o n v e n t i o n B u r e a u 1 9 8 8 ) . B r i t a i n r s w i L d f o w Lb e L o n g t o t h e n o r t h - w e s t E u r o p e a n p o p u L a t i o n ( P i r o t e t a L . 1 9 8 9 ) a n d t h ew a d e r s t o t h e e a s t A t L a n t j c f L y w a y p o p u L a t i o n G T t g p i e r s m a 1 9 8 9 ) . Aw e t L a n d i n B r i t a i n i s c o n s i d e r e d n a t i o n a L L y i m p o r t a n t 1 ' f i t r e g u L a r L y h o L d s1 Y . o f t h e e s t j m a t e d t s r i t i s h p o p u L a t i o n o f o n e s p e c i e s o r s u b s p e c i e s o fw a t e r f o w l , w h i L u " a n y s j t e h o L d i n g a t o t a L o f 5 1 0 0 0 o r m o r e w i L d f o w L o r 1 0 1 0 0 0o r m o r e w a d e r s a L s o q u a L j f j e s ( P r a t e r 1 9 8 1 ) . T h e c u r r e n t L y a c c e p t e d n a t j o n a La n d i n t e r n a t i o n a L q u a L i f y i n g L e v e L s u s e d i n t h i s r e p o r t a r e t a k e n f r o m S a L m o ne t a L . ( 9 8 9 ) a n d s u m m a r i z e d i n T a b L e 4 . 1 . T h e s e c r i t e r i a r e L a t e t of r i l n , lF i ca L i mpor tance , wh i ch i s mos t re Levan t to the p resen t repor t ; t he rea r e z o f c o u r s e , a d d i t i o n a L r e a s o n s w h y a s i t e m a y b e n a t i o n a L L y o ri n t e r n a t i o n a L L y i m p o r t a n t -

4 . 2 T H E T A F

T a b L e 4 . 2 s u m m a r i s e s e s t i m a t e s o f t h e w a t e r f o w L p o p u L a t i o n s r e g u L a r L y p r e s e n to n t h e T a f j n w i n t e r d u r i n g t h e e a r L y 1 9 7 0 s ( f r o m t s o E E c o u n t s ) , t h e m j d 1 9 8 0 s( f r o m B o E E c o u n t s ) a n d j n w i n t e r 1 9 8 7 / 8 8 ( f r o m t h e s p e c i a I s t u d i e s ) r d s w e l La s g i v i n g p e a k r e c o r d e d w i n t e r c o u n t s f o r t h e p e r i o d b e t w e e n N o v e m b e r 1 9 8 7a n d D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 8 ( f r o m t h e s p e c i a L s t u d i e s a n d c o u n t y r e c o r d s ) , M o n t h L yb r e a k d o w n s o f t h e 1 9 8 0 s r B o E E d a t a a n d o f b o t h a v e r a g e a n d p e a k c o u n t sd e r j v e d f r o m t h e 1 9 8 7 / 8 8 s p e c i a L s t u d i e s a r e p r o v j d e d i n A p p e n d i c e s 9 . 4 , 9 . 5a n d 9 . 6 r e s p e c t i v e L y .

t r i L d f o w L p o p u L a t i o n e s t i m a t e s f o r t h e e a r L y 1 9 7 0 s a n d m i d 1 9 8 0 s a r e s i m j L a r ,b u t t h e e s t i m a t e d w a d e r p o p u L a t i o n o f c a 3 1 3 0 0 b i r d s o n t h e T a f i n t h e m i d1 9 8 0 s i s L e s s t h a n h a L f t h a t o f t h e e a r L y 1 9 7 C s ( T a b L e 4 . 2 ) . A L m o s t a L L o ft h i s d e c L i n e c a n b e a c c o u n t e d f o r i n t e r m s o f s u b s t a n t j a L L y L o w e r p o p u L a t i o ne s t i m a t e s f o r j u s t t h r e e s p e c i e s , O y s t e r c a t c h e r , G o L d e n P L o v e r a n d L a p w i n g .O y s t e r c a t c h e r s o n t h e T a f a r e L a r g e L y d e p e n d e n t o n c o c k L e s f r o m t h e b e d s o nt h e L o w e r w e s t s i d e o f t h e e s t u a r y , w h e r e a s o n t h e T y w i / G w e n d r a e t h , w h e r e n om a j o r d e c L i n e i s a p p a r e n t ( T a b L e 4 . 3 ) , t h e y d e p e n d L a r g e L y o n m u s s e L s ( p r a t e r1 9 8 1 ) . C o c k L e s t e n d t o b e a n i n t r j n s ' i c a L L y m o r e v a r i a b L e r e s o u r c e t h a nm u s s e L s , a n d a d e c L i n e i n t h e i r o v e r a L L a v a i L a b i L i t y n a y h a v e o c c u r r e d o n t h eT a f a L t h o u g h n o p u b L j s h e d e v i d e n c e e x i s t s r e g a r d i n g t h i s . T h e w i n t e r 1 9 8 7 / 8 8s t u d i e s r e v e a L e d a p e a k f e e d i n g p o p u L a t j o n o n t h e T a f o f j u s t o v e r 1 1 6 0 0O y s t e r c a t c h e r s a L t h o u g h t h e h i g h e s t a v e r a g e m o n t h L y p o p u L a t i o n p r e s e n t 1 1 a su n d e r 1 1 0 0 0 ( T a b L e 4 . 2 ) ' a n d n o c o u n t s e x c e e d i n g 1 1 3 0 0 a r e a v a i L a b l e f r o mc o u n t y r e c o r d s f o r t h e p e r i o d D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 7 t o D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 8 . g v e r a L L , t h ee v i d e n c e s u p p o r t s a r e a L d e c L i n e h a v i n g o c c u r r e d i n t h e T a f 0 y s t e r c a t c h e rp o p u L a t i o n , b u t f o r u n k n o w n r e a s o n s -

T h e a p p a r e n t d e c L i n e s i n G o L d e n P L o v e r a n d L a p w i n g p o p u L a t j o n s a r e m u c h m o r e

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14ute SwanB e w i c k t s S w a nt . lh i te - f ron ted GooseG r e y L a g G o o s ets ren t GooseS h e L d u c kt l i geonG a d w a L LTea LM a L L a r dP i n t a i LS h o v e L e rP o c h a r dS c a u pE i d e rL o n g - t a i L e d D u c kC o m m o n S c o t e nGo LdeneyeR e d - b r e a s t e d M e r g a n s e rG o o s a n d e r

T o t a L w i L d f o w L :

O y s t e r c a t c h e rR i n g e d P L o v e rG o L d e n P L o v e rG rey P Love rLapw i ngKnotS a n d e r L i n gC u r L e w S a n d p i p e rPu rp Le Sandp ' i pe rD u n L i nR u f fJ a c k S n ' i p eS n i p eB L a c k - t a i L e d G o d w i tB a r - t a i L e d G o d w i tC u r L e wS p o t t e d R e d s h a n kR e d s h a n kG r e e n s h a n kG r e e n S a n d p i p e rC o m m o n S a n d p i p e rTu rns t one

T o t a L w i L d f o w L :

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H i g h e s t m o n t h L ya v e r a g e c o u n t f r o ms p e c i a L s t u d i e s ,l , lov 1987-Feb 1988

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Page 24: THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF WILDFOhIL AND · Review site by RatcLiffe (977). Figure 1.1 outLines the systemrs current protection by means of three Sites of SpeciaL Scientifjc

1 2

e q u i v o c a L . W i n t e r m o v e m e n t s o f b o t h s p e c i e s w i t h j n t s r i t a i n a r e s t r o n g L yi n f L u e n c e d b y p r e v a i L i n g w e a t h e r p a t t e r n s ( S a L m o n e t a L . 1 9 8 8 ) , a n d t h e j rn u m b e r s a t a n y s i t e t e n d t h u s t o b e h i g h L y v E l l G E - L e . I n a d d ' i t i o n , b o t hs p e c i e s a r e L a r g e L y d e p e n d e n t o n s a L t m a r s h a n d f j e L d s a d j a c e n t t o e s t u a r i e s ,r a t h e r t h a n o n t h e i n t e r t i d a L f L a t s t h e m s e L v e s , a n d a r e t h u s p a r t i c u L a r L yp r o n e t o a L t e r a t i o n s i n p o p u L a t i o n e s t i m a t e s r e s u L t i n g f n c m d i f f e t r e n c e s j nc o u n t i n g t e c h n i q u e . T h u s t h e s p e c i a L w i n t e r 1 9 8 7 / 8 8 s t u d ' i e s , f o c u s e ds t r i c t L y o n t h e i n t e n t i d a L a r e a , f a j L e d t o r e c o r d G o L d e n p L o v e r , w h i c h t e n dt o c o n c e n t r a t e o n m a r s h y f i e L d s i n s j d e t h e s e a w a L L a L o n g t h e w e s t s i d e o f t h eT a f ; t h i s o m i s s i o n v e r y L a r g e L y a c c o u n t s f o r t h e d i s c r e p a n c y b e t w e e n t h es p e c i a L s t u d i e s a n d r e c e n t B o E E c o u n t s i n e s t i m a t e s o f t h e t o t a L w a d e rp o p u L a t i o n o f t h e T a f ( T a b L e 4 . 2 ) . A c o u n t o f 3 1 0 0 0 G o l d e n P L o v e r n e a r G i n s tP o i n t i n e a r L y D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 8 f u r t h e r i n d j c a t e s t h a t n o L o n g - t e r m d e c L i n e j sp r o b a b L e f o r t h j s s p e c i e s .

T h e p o p u L a t i o n s p r e s e n t o f c e r t a i n o t h e r s p e c i e s a r e c L e a r l y n o t a d e q u a t e L yr e v e a L e d b y B o E E c o u n t s a s c o n d u c t e d t o d a t e . O n e o f t h e s e i s t h e r , J i g e o n ,w h o s e r e g u L a r L o w w i n t e n i n g p o p u L a t i o n m a y b e m a s s i v e L y a u g m e n t e d f o r s h o r tp e r i o d s , j n p a r t i c u t a r a s a n e s u L t o f s e v e r e w e a t h e r , a f e a t u r e a L s o t r u e o ft h e n e i g h b o u r i n g B u r r y a n d C L e d d a u e s t u a r i n e s y s t e m s ( p r y s - J o n e s 1 9 8 9 ,P r y s - J o n e s e t a L . 1 9 8 9 ) . A n i n f L u x o f a b o u t 2 1 0 0 0 W i g e o n o c c u r r e d a t B L a c kS c a r i n L a t e J a n u a r y 1 9 8 7 f o L L o w i n g h a r d w e a t h e r " ( D . S t a c e y , i n L i t t . ) , a n da b o u t 1 , 0 0 0 w e r e p r e s e n t a t D e L a c o r s e i n D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 7 ( T a b L e E n o B o E Ec o u n t s h l e r e c o n d u c t e d o n t h e T a f i n e i t h e r o f t h e s e m o n t h s . A n o t h e ru n d e r - r e c o r d e d s p e c i e s i s t h e M a L L a r d , f o r w h j c h t h e L o w t i r l e s t u d i e s i nw i n t e r 1 9 8 7 / 8 8 r e v e a L a p o p u L a t i o n m o r e t h a n d o u b l e t h a t f r o r n t h e r e c e n t B o E Ec o u n t s . T h i s p r o b a b L y r e s u L t s f r o m t h e t e n d e n c y o f t h e s p e c i e s t o m o v e o v e rt h e s e a w a l L o n t o m a r s h y f i e l d s a l o n g t h e w e s t s i d e o f t h e T a f a t h i g h t i d e( P . D a v i s , p e r s . o b s . ) .

4 .3 THE TYI . ' I IGWENDRAETH

T a b L e 4 . 3 s u m m a r i s e s e s t i m a t e s o f t h e w a t e r f o w L p o p u L a t i o n s r e g u L a r L y p r e s e n to n t h e T y w i / G w e n d r a e t h i n w i n t e r d u r i n g t h e e a r L y 1 9 7 0 s ( f r o m t s o E E c o u n t s ) ,t h e m i d 1 9 8 0 s ( f r o m B o E E c o u n t s ) a n d i n w i n t e r 1 9 8 7 1 8 8 ( f r o m t h e s p e c i a Ls t u d i e s ) , a s w e L L a s g i v ' i n g p e a k r e c o r d e d w i n t e r c o u n t s f o r t h e p e r i o db e t w e e n N o v e m b e r 1 9 8 7 a n d D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 8 ( f r o m t h e s p e c i a L s t u d j e s a n d c o u n t yr e c o r d s ) . M o n t h L y b r e a k d o w n s o f t h e 1 9 8 0 s ' B o E E d a t a a n d o f b o t h a v e r a g e a n dp e a k c o u n t s d e r i v e d f r o m t h e 1 9 8 7 / 8 8 s p e c i a t s t u d j e s a r e p r o v j d e d i nA p p e n d i c e s 9 . 4 2 9 . 5 a n d 9 . 6 r e s p e c t i v e L y .

A s a s s e s s e d b y B o E E c o u n t s , o v e r a L L w i n t e r w a t e r f o w L p o p u L a t i o n L e v e L s o n t h eT y w i / G w e n d r a e t h h a v e c h a n g e d L j t t L e b e t w e e n t h e e a r L y 1 9 7 0 s a n d m i d 1 9 8 0 s( T a b L e 4 . 3 ) ; h o w e v e r , a s t h e L a t t e r d a t a v e r y L a r g e L y d e r i v e f r o m a s i n g L ew i n t e r , 1 9 8 6 1 8 7 , t h j s c o n c L u s i o n m u s t b e t r e a t e d w i t h c o n s i d e r a b L e c a u t i o n .N o t a b L e j n c r e a s e s a r e a p p a r e n t f o r S h e L d u c k , B a r - t a i L e d G o d w i t a n d R e d s h a n k ,w h e n e a s s u b s t a n t i a t d e c L i n e s a r e i n d i c a t e d f o r s p e c i e s s u c h a s S a n d e r L i n g a n dD u n L i n . L i t t L e w e i g h t s h o u L d b e a t t a c h e d t o t h e c h a n g e s i n t h e B a r - t a i L e dG o d w i t a n d S a n d e r L i n g t o t a L s , h o w e v e r , a s b o t h a r e t i k e L y t o b e a c o n s e q u e n c eo f e p i s o d i c i n f L u x e s f r o m t h e B u r r y I n l e t a n d C e f n S j d a n ( s e e s e c t j o n 4 . 4 ) .

T h e s r : b s t a n t i a L L y L o w e r o v e r a L L n u m b e r s o f w a t e r f o w L r e c o r d e d o n t h eT y w i / G w e n d r a e t h b y t h e s p e c i a L 1 9 8 7 / 8 8 w i n t e r s t u d j e s r e L a t j v e t o t h e r e c e n t

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1 3

B o E E c o u n t s ( T a b L e 4 . 3 > a r e L a r g e L y a m e t h o d o L o g j c a L a r t e f a c t . A s 1 . 1 a s n o t e df o r t h e T a f d a t a , o n L y t h e t s o E E c o u n t s i n c L u d e b i n d s , n o t a b L y G o l d e n p L o v e ra n d S n i p e , w h i c h o c c u r o n f i e L d s a d j a c e n t t o t h e e s t u a r y . I n a d d i t i o n ,h o w e v e r , b j r d s r e c o r d e d o n t h e T y w i / G w e n d r a e t h B o E E c o u n t s a t t h e T y w y n p o i n tr o o s t i n c L u d e m a n y i n d i v i d u a L s , i n p a r t i c u L a r o f O y s t e r c a t c h e r , D u n L j n a n dB a r - t a j L e d G o d w i t , w h i c h p r o b a b L y f e e d a L o n g C e f n S j d a n . T h i i , , p o i n t j sc o n s i d e r e d f u r t h e r i n s e c t i o n 4 . 4 b e L o w .

A s o n t h e T a f t o c c a s i o n a L i n f L u x e s o f I ' l i g e o n o c c u r o n t h e T y w i / G w e n d r a e t h ,w i t h 1 1 0 0 0 o f f L L a n s t e f f a n j n m i d D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 8 b e i n g t h e L a r g e s t r e c e n tt o t a l ( T a b L e 4 . 3 ) . S i g h t i n g s o f u p t o 5 0 B r e n t G e e s e a n d 2 0 E i d e r a t t h eS a L m o n P o i n t m u s s e L s c a r , a g a i n i n D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 8 , a L m o s t c e r t a i n L y r e p r e s e n tj n f L u x e s f r o m t h e L a r g e r p o p u L a t i o n s w h i c h a r e r e g u L a r L y p r e s e n t a t t h ew e s t e r n e n d o f t h e B u r r y I n L e t ( P r y s - J o n e s 5 r t a L . 1 9 8 9 ) . L i k e w i s e , t h e 1 2 7C o m m o n S c o t e r s e e n o f f L l a n s t e f f a n i n m i d J a i l f f i 1 9 8 8 m u s t h a v e r e s u L t e df r o m a s h o r t - t e r m m o v e m e n t j n t o t h e e s t u a r i n e a r e a f r o m t h e p o p u L a t i o n o fs o m e t h o u s a n d s r e g u L a r L y p r e s e n t j n w i n t e r o u t o n t h e s e a i n C a r m a r t h e n B a y .

4 . 4 C E F N S I D A N

T a b L e 4 . 4 p r e s e n t s p e a k m o n t h L y t o t a L s o f b i r d s p r e s e n t d u r i n g t h e L o w t i d ec o u n t s a L o n g C e f n S i d a n b e t w e e n N o v e m b e r 1 9 8 7 a n d M a r c h 1 9 8 8 . A m o n t h L yb r e a k d o w n o f t h e a v a i L a b l e c o u n t s j s p r o v i d e d i n A p p e n d i x 9 . 7 . E x c L u d i n g t h eL a r g e n u m b e r s o f C o m m o n S c o t e r , w h i c h a r e g e n e r a L L y w e L L o f f s h o r e a n d c a n n o tb e a d e q u a t e L y a s s e s s e d b y L a n d - b a s e d o b s e r v e r s , f e w w i L , C f o w L a r e p r e s e n t , b u ta b o u t 5 1 0 0 0 w a d e r s f o r a g e a L o n g t h e s h o r e . A m o n g t h e s e a r e p a r t i c u t a r L yn o t a b L e t o t a L s o f S a n d e r L i n g a n d B a r - t a i L e d G o d w i t , a L t h o u g h t h e d e p e n d e n c yo f t h e s e t w o s p e c i e s o n t h e a r e a i n f a c t d i f f e r s m a r k e d L y . B a r - t a j L e d G o d w i tn u m b e r s o n L y u n c o m m o n L y e x c e e d 2 0 0 b i r d s ( D a v i s 1 9 8 4 ; r , s i m i L a r t o t h ep o p u L a t i o n f r e q u e n t t y p r e s e n t o n t h e T y w i / G w e n d r a e t h a n d p o s s i b L y t h e s a m eb j r d s - T h e p e a k c o u n t o f o v e r 5 0 0 b i r d s n o t e d i n D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 7 t h e r e f o r ev e r y p r o b a b L y r e p r e s e n t s a n i n f L u x o f t h e p o p u L a t i o n f r c m t h e n e i g h b o u r i n gB u r r y I n L e t , w h e r e B a r - t a j L e d G o d w i t a r e k n o w n t o b e ' , m o b j L e a n du n p r e d i c t a b L e i n t h e i r o c c u r r e n c e a t L o w t i d e " ( P r y s - J o n e s e t a L , 1 9 8 9 ) . B yc o n t r a s t , a v e r y s u b s t a n t i a L S a n d e r L i n g p o p u L a t i o n j s c L e a r [ F E s i d e n t a L o n gC e f n S i d a n t h r o u g h o u t t h e w i n t e r , w i t h p e a k n u m b e r s o f 1 1 0 0 0 o r m o r e o no c c a s i o n ( D a v i s 1 9 8 4 , M o r g a n n . d . ) .

A L s o s h o w n o n T a b L e 4 . 4 a r e h i g h e s t m o n t h L y a v e r a g e c o u n t s f r o m t h e l g B Z l B Sw i n t e r s t u d i e s f o r C e f n S i d a n a n d t h e T y w i / G w e n d r a e t h c o m b i n e d ( s e c t o r s F - Oi n c L u s i v e o n F i g u r e 3 . ? ) . C o m p a r i s o n o f t h e s e w i t h t h e r e c e n tT y w i / G w e n d r a e t h B o E E d a t a p r e s e n t e d i n T a b L e 4 . 3 i m p L i e s s t r o n g L y t h a t m o s to f t h e O y s t e r c a t c h e r , D u n L i n a n d B a r - t a i L e d G o d w i t t h a t f e e d a L o n g C e f n S i d a nm o v e t o T y w y n P o i n t t o r o o s t , w h e r e t h e y a r e i n c l u d e d i n B o E E c o u n t s , b u tt h a t m a n y o f t h e K n o t a n d s a n d e r L i n g a p p e a r n o t t o d o s o .

4 . 5 O V E R A L L I M P O R I A N C E O F T H E C A R M A R T H E N B A Y S I T E

T w o i n d e p e n d e n t e s t i m a t e s o f t h e w a t e r f o w L p o p u L a t i o n r e g u L a r L y w i n t e r i n g o nt h e C a r m a r t h e n B a y s i t e c a n b e m a d e f r o m t h e a v a i L a b l e d a t a . o n e d r a w s o nt h e m e r g e d 1 9 8 0 s r B o E E d a t a f o r t h e T a f a n d T y w i / G w e n d r a e t h w h i c h , a si n d i c a t e d a b o v e ( s e c t i o n 4 . 4 ) , a p p e a r t o i n c L u d e a s u b s t a n t j a L p r o p o r t i o n o f

Page 26: THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF WILDFOhIL AND · Review site by RatcLiffe (977). Figure 1.1 outLines the systemrs current protection by means of three Sites of SpeciaL Scientifjc

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t h e b i r d s w h i c h f e e d a L o n g C e f n S i d a n . T h e o t h e r m a k e s u s e o f t h e s p e c ' i a L1 9 8 7 / 8 8 w i n t e r s t u d i e s o n t h e T a f , T y w i / G w e n d r a e t h a n d C e f n S i d a n c o m b i n e d .B o t h e s t i m a t e s w i L L b e m i n i m a b e c a u s e t h e y e n t i r e L y L a c k d a t a f r o m p e n d i n eS a n d s , t o t h e w e s t o f t h e T a f , a n d f r o m W i t c h e t t P o o L , a n a t u r a L d u n e - s L a c kp o o L p r e s e n t i n L a u g h a r n e B u r r o w s a b o u t 2 0 0 m i n L a n d o f P e n d i n e S a n d s . T a b L e4 . 5 s u m m a r i s e s t h e r e s u L t s . A g r e e m e n t a s r e g a r d s t h e o v e r a L L u w a t e r f o w Lp o p u L a t i o n j s e n c o u r a g i n g L y c L o s e , w i t h t h e d i s c r e p a n c y o f c a 1 , 2 5 O b i r d sb e i n g L a r g e L y a c c o u n t a b L e i n m e t h o d o L o g i c a L t e r m s . T h e B o E E c o u n t s o m j t c a6 0 0 S a n d e r L i n g a n d 4 5 0 K n o t p r e s e n t o n C e f n S i d a n , w h e r e a s t h e 1 9 9 7 / 8s t u d i e s m i s s e d t h e G o L d e n P L o v e r ( 1 1 8 0 0 ) a n d p r o b a b L y s o m e C u r L e w ( c a 3 5 0 )u t i L i z i n g m a r s h a n d f i e L d s a d j a c e n t t o t h e i n t e r t i d a L a r e a . C o r r e c t i f r ! ' t h et o t a L s a c c o r d i n g L y i m p L i e s t h a t t h e C a r m a r t h e n B a y s i t e r e g u L a r L y s u p p o r t sa b o u t 1 1 3 5 0 w i L d f o w l a n d 1 1 1 5 0 0 w a d e r s j n w i n t e r , e x c L u s i v e o f b i r d s p r e s e n to n P e n d i n e S a n d s a n d W i t c h e t t P o o L .

F o r r e a s o n s a L r e a d y m e n t i o n e d i n C h a p t e r 3 , t h e w a d e r p o p u L a t i o n e s t i m a t ep r e s e n t e d h e r e f r o m r e c e n t B o E E c o u n t s i s s u b s t a n t i a L L y g r e a t e r t h a n t h a t o f6 ' 7 1 1 b i r d s p u b l i s h e d i n S a L m o n e t a L . ( 1 9 8 9 ) . T h e p r e s e n t e s t i m a t e i sc L e a r L y t h e m o r e r e L i a b l e o n e l - - l f t h e " s t a n d a r d " t e c h n i q u e f a i L s t o c o p ea d e q u a t e L y w i t h t h e e p i s o d i c a n d i n c o m p L e t e d a t a s e t s a v a i L a b L e . T h eC a r m a r t h e n B a y s i t e i s t h u s c L e a r L y o f n a t i o n a L i m p o r t a n c e i n t e r m s o f j t so v e r a I L n u m b e r s o f w a d e r s , h o L d i n g s u b s t a n t i a L L y i n e x c e s s o f t h e 1 0 1 0 0 0q u a L i f y i n g L e v e L . I n a d d i t i o n , i t c e r t a i n L y s u p p o r t s n a t i o n a L L y i m p o r t a n tp o p u L a t j o n s o f O y s t e r c a t c h e r a n d S a n d e r L i n g ( T a b L e 4 . 5 ) . B y c o n t r a s t , t h er e g u L a r o c c u r r e n c e o f B a r - t a i L e d G o d w i t i n n u m b e r s e x c e e d i n g t h e a p p r o p r i a t eq u a L i f y i n g L e v e L i s m o r e d o u b t f u L , f o r r e a s o n s o u t L i n e d i n s e c t i o n 4 . 4 .D a v i s U 9 8 4 ) h a s p r e v i o u s L y s u g g e s t e d t h a t C u r L e w a n , l R e d s h a n k n a y a L s o b ep r e s e n t i n n a t i o n a L L y i m p o r t a n t n u m b e r s . T h i s s e e m s u n L i k e t y f o r t h e f o r m e rs p e c i e s , b u t v e r y p o s s i b L e f o r t h e L a t t e r . R e d s h a n k t e n d t o b e a d i f f i c u L ts p e c i e s t o c e n s u s c o m p r e h e n s i v e L y b e c a u s e o f t h e i r h a b i t c f " d i s a p p e a r i n g , 'i n t o c r e e k s a n d s a L t m a r s h . N e v e r t h e L e s s , t h e c o m b i r r e d N o v e m b e r p e a k c o u n t sf o r t h e T a f a n d t h e T y w i / G w e n d r a e t h f r o m t h e 1 9 8 7 / 8 8 s t u d i e s t r r t a L L e d o v e r9 0 0 b i r d s ( A p p e n d i x 9 . 6 ) , w e L L i n e x c e s s o f t h e a p p r o p r i a t e q u a L i f y i n g L e v e L .A s f o r B a r - t a i L e d G o d w i t , f u r t h e r s t u d i e s a r e r e q u i r e d t o e s t a b L i s hc o n c L u s i v e L y t h e R e d s h a n k I s t r u e s t a t u s .

W h a t d i f f e r e n c e i s t h e L a c k o f r e g u L a r c o u n t d a t a f r o m W i t c h e t t P o o L a n dP e n d j n e S a n d s L i k e L y t o m a k e ? C o n s i d e r i n g l ^ l j t c h e t t P o o L f i r s t , r e c e n ts u m m a r j e s o f c o u n t j n f o r m a t ' i o n a n e a v a i L a b L e i n D a v i s ( 9 8 4 ) , M o r g a n ( n . d . )a n d R o b e r t s & M o r g a n ( n . d . ) , a n d a B o E E c o u n t c a r d u l a s s u b m i t t e d f o r m i dM a r c h 1 9 8 7 b y D . R o b e r t s . C o m b i n i n g t h e i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e s e s u g g e s t sp e a k w i n t e r i n g d u c k p o p u L a t i o n s o f u p t o 2 5 t , l i g e o n , 1 5 G a d w a L L , c a 4 0 0 T e a L ,6 5 M a L L a r d r 9 0 S h o v e l e r , 1 0 0 P o c h a r d r 3 0 T u f t e d D u c k a n d 5 0 S l a u p . T h er e L a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n p e a k a n d r e g u L a r n u m b e r s f o r t h i s s i t e i n d i c a t e d b y t h e1 9 6 8 ' 7 0 d a t a p r e s e n t e d b y O w e n e t a L . ( 1 9 8 6 ) s u g g e s t s t h a t s u b s t a n t i a L L yL o w e r n u m b e r s o f m o s t s p e c i e f E L i k e L y t o b e p r e s e n t o n a r e g u l a r b a s i s .I n a d d i t i o n , d o u b L e f i g u r e n u m b e r s o f G r e e n s h a n k s o m e t i m e s o c c u r , a n d f L o c k so f G o L d e n P l o v e r a n d C u r l e w m a y b e p r e s e n t i n t h e p o o L r s v i c i n i t y . 0 nP e n d i n e S a n d s , t h e m o s t n o t a b l e w j n t e n i n g w a d e r c o u n t s a p p e a r t o b e u p t o 1 3 0K n o t , 3 5 0 S a n d e r L i n g , 1 1 0 0 0 o r m o r e D u n L i n a n d 7 5 B a r - t a i L e d G o d w . i t , a L t h o u g ht h e r e L a t i o n s h i p t h a t t h e s e p e a k t o t a L s h a v e t o r e g u L a r L y o c c u r r i n gp o p u L a t i o n s m u s t r e m a j n o p e n t o q u e s t i o n .

I n c o n c L u s i o n , o n e c a n o n L y r e i t e r a t e t h e a s s e s s m e n t o f Dav i s (1 984 ) t ha t

Page 28: THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF WILDFOhIL AND · Review site by RatcLiffe (977). Figure 1.1 outLines the systemrs current protection by means of three Sites of SpeciaL Scientifjc

T a b L e 4 . 5

1 6

E s t i m a t e s o f i n t e r t i d a L w a t e r f o w L p o p u L a t i o n s p r e s e n tj n w i n t e r o n t h e o v e r a L L c a r m a r t h e n B a y s i t e , b a s e d o nB o E E c o u n t s a n d t h e s p e c i a L 1 9 8 7 / B B s t u d i e s .

Mute SwanW h o o p e n S w a nG r e y L a g G o o s eB r e n t G o o s eS h e L d u c k[, l i geonTea LMa L La r "dP i n t a i LS h o v e L e rP o c h a r dC o m m o n S c o t e rG o L d e n e y eR e d - b r e a s t e d M e r g a n s e r

T o t a L w i L d f o w L :

1162

542360

91282

123741

29

O y s t e r c a t c h e rR ' i nged P Lo ve rG o L d e n P L o v e rG r e y P L o v e rLapw i ngKnotS a n d e r L i n gD u n L i nR u f fJ a c k S n i p eS n i p eE L a c k - t a i L e d G o d w i tB a r - t a i L e d G o d w i tC u r L e wS p o t t e d R e d s h a n kR e d s h a n kG r e e n s h a n kG r e e n S a n d p i p e rC o m m o n S a n d p i p e rT u r n s t o n e

T o t a L w a d e r s : 10,407

11 ,748T o t a L w a t e r f o w L :

N a t i o n a L L y i m p o r t a n t p o p u L a t i o nL a r g e n u m b e r s ( > 1 1 0 0 0 ) o f C o m m o no f f s h o r e n o t i n c L u d e d .

H i g h e s t a v e r a g em o n t h L y B o E E c o u n t ,Nov 1982-Nov 1987

11341

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1 ,76511

447

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Page 29: THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF WILDFOhIL AND · Review site by RatcLiffe (977). Figure 1.1 outLines the systemrs current protection by means of three Sites of SpeciaL Scientifjc

1 T

" m o r e c o m p r e h e n s i v e , s y s t e m a t i c a n d f r " e q u e n t c o u n t i n g o f t h e w a d e r a n dw i L d f o w L p o p u L a t j o n s o f t h i s c o a s t L i n e ' i s c L e a r L y m u c h t o b e d e s i r e d . . . . , , .T a k i n g a L L a v a j L a b L e i n f o r m a t i o n j n t o a c c o u n t , i t s e e m s r e a s o n a b L e t o s u g g e s ta r e g u L a r w i n t e r i n g p o p u L a t i o n f o r t h e e n t i r e s i t e o f a b o u t 1 1 5 0 0 w i L d f o w La n d 1 2 ' 5 0 0 w a d e r s - I n a d d i t i o n , t h e p o p u L a t i o n o f o n e i n d i v i d u a L s p e c i e ss h o u L d b e h i g h L i g h t e d . T h e r e g u L a r o c c u r r e n c e o f e v e n 6 7 5 u i n t e r i n gS a n d e r L i n g ( T a b L e 4 . 5 ) w o u L d m a k e C a r m a r t h e n B a y t h e s e c o n d b e s t e s t u a r i n es i t e f o r t h i s s p e c i e s i n t h e U . K . , b e h j n d t h e m a j o r c o n c e n t r a t i o n p r e s e n t o nt h e R i b b l e ( S a l m o n e t a t . 1 9 8 9 ) . H o w e v e r , a d d i t i o n a L e v i d e n c e o f u p t o 3 5 0b i r d s a L o n g P e n d i n E - - 5 l n d s , t o g e t h e r w i t h o c c a s i o n a L c o u n t s o f u p t o 1 1 0 0 0b i r d s o n C e f n S i d a n a L o n e , p o i n t s t o t h e p o s s i b i L i t y t h a t C a r m a r t h e n B a y n a yc o m p r " j s e a n i n t e r n a t i o n a L L y i m p o r t a n t w i n t e r i n g s i t e f o r t h e s p e c j e s . T h i sd e s e r v e s c L o s e r i n v e s t i g a t i o n .

Page 30: THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF WILDFOhIL AND · Review site by RatcLiffe (977). Figure 1.1 outLines the systemrs current protection by means of three Sites of SpeciaL Scientifjc

1 B

5 . I N T R A - S I T E S P E C I E S D I S T R I B U T I O N P A T T E R N S

T h e a i m o f t h j s c h a p t e r i s t o u s e t h e r e s u L t s o f t h e s p e c i a L 1 9 8 7 / 8 8 s t u d i e st o d e s c r i b e t h e w i n t e r d i s t r i b u t i o n p a t t e r n s o f t h e v a r j o u s w i L d f o w L a n dw a d e r s p e c i e s t h r o u g h o u t t h e T a f , T y w i , G w e n d r a e t h a n d C e f n S i d a n r , , m a p p i n gt h e s e f o r s p e c i e s h a v i n g p e a k c o u n t s e x c e e d ' i n g 1 0 0 b i r d s ( s e e n p p e n d i c e s g . 6a n d 9 . 7 ) . P r e s e n t a t i o n o n m a p s i s s t a n d a r d i z e d a c r o s s s p e c i e s b y e x p r e s s i n gt h e a v e r a g e u s a g e o f e a c h c o u n t s e c t o r b y a s p e c i e s ( s e e A p p e n d i x g . D ;d e f i n e d a s t h e a v e r a g e n u m b e r o f i n d i v i d u a L s p r e s e n t t h r o u g h t h e w i n t e r , a s ap e r c e n t a g e o f t h e o v e r a L L s i t e u s a g e v a L u e f o r t h a t s p e c i e s .

5 . 1 S H E L D U C K

A s o n t h e n e i g h b o u r i n g B u r r y I n l e t ( P r y s - J o n e s e t a L . 1 9 8 9 ) , S h e L d u c k o nC a r m a r t h e n B a y w e r e s t r i c t L y c o n f i n e d w i t h i n T T F E t u a r i n e a r e a a n d d i d n o tu t i L i z e t h e c o a s t a L s a n d y s h o r e s ( F i g u r e 5 . 1 ) . T h e m a j o r c o n c e n t r a t i o n s w e r eo n t h e L o w e r T a f a n d G w e n d r a e t h , o n b o t h o f w h j c h n u m b e n s j n c r e a s e d m a r k e d L ya f t e r m i d w i n t e r ( s e e A p p e n d i x 9 . 5 ) ; p o s s i b L y t h i s w a s a r e s u L t o f m o v e m e n to f b i r d s f r " o m B u r r y I n L e t , w h e r e t h e p o p u L a t j o n t e n d s t o p e a k j n m j d w i n t e r ,d e c L i n i n g t h e r e a f t e r ( p r y s - J o n e s e t a L . 1 9 8 9 ) .

5 . 2 W I G E O N

A L L t h e s m a L L n u m b e r s o f [ ' l i g e o n o b s e r v e d d u r i n g t h e 1 9 8 7 / 8 8 c o u n t s h , e r e o ns e c t o r s F a n d H o f t h e T y w i e s t u a r y ( F i g u r e 3 - 2 ) , a L t h o u g h t h e r e i s a L s o ar e g u L a r , s m a L L f L o c k o f l r l i g e o n n e a r B L a c k p o o L b r i d g e o n t h e T a f e s t u a r yu p s t r e a m o f t h e a r e a c o v e r e d b y t h e 1 9 8 7 / 8 8 c o u n t s ( D . R o b e r t s , p e r s . c o m m . ) .H o w e v e r , e p i s o d i c L a r g e i n f L u x e s o f o v e r a t h o u s a n d b i r d s o c c u r o n b o t h t h eT a f ( s e e s e c t i o n 4 . 2 ) a n d T y w i / G w e n d r a e t h ( s e e s e c t i o n 4 . 3 ) , a n d f L o c k s o fo v e r a h u n d r e d a t t i m e s o c c u r o n t h e s e a o f f C e f n S j d a n ( M o r g a n & R o b e r t sn . d . ) .

5 . 3 T E A L

H i g h e s t a v e r a g e n u m b e r s o f T e a L c b s e r v e d ' i n w i n t e r 1 9 8 7 / 8 8 h , e r e a L o n g t h eu p p e r T a f e s t u a r y a n d , i n p a r t i c u L a r , a L o n g t h e e a s t e r n b a n k o f t h e T y w i( F i g u r e 5 . 3 ) . T h e L a c k o f b i r d s o b s e r v e d o n t h e G w e n d r a e t h j s p e r h a p ss u r p r i s i n g i n v i e w o f t h e e x t e n s j v e s a L t m a r s h a r e a s a v a i L a b L e , a L t h o u g h t h es p e c i e s ' i s k n o w n t o b e v e r y v a r i a b L e i n j t s o c c u r r e n c e t h e r e ( D a v j s 1 9 8 4 ; 1 .

5 . 4 M A L L A R D

A t L L a r g e ( > 1 0 0 ) c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f M a L L a r d s e e n w e r e o n t h e T a f , i np a r t j c u L a r a L o n g i t s t o w e r , n o r t h - e a s t e r n s h o r e ( F i g u r e 5 . 4 ) . T h i sc o r r e s p o n d s w i t h t h e p r e v i o u s o b s e r v a t i o n o f D a v i s 9 9 8 4 ) t h a t " M a L L a r d o f t e nf r e q u e n t t h e c h a n n e L s ( o f t h e T a f ) u n d e r t h e c L i f f s n e a r l , l h a r L e y p o i r r t a n dt h e s a n d b a n k s t o t h e s o u t h . , '

Page 31: THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF WILDFOhIL AND · Review site by RatcLiffe (977). Figure 1.1 outLines the systemrs current protection by means of three Sites of SpeciaL Scientifjc

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5 . 5 R E D - B R E A S T E D I 4 E R G A N S E R

S m a L L n u m b e r s o f R e d - b r e a s t e d M e r g a n s e r s h , e r e n o t e d o n a L L t h r e e r j v e re s t u a r i e s , b u t w e r e m o s t r e g u L a r j u s t o f f t h e C e f n S i d a n s h o r e .

5 . 6 O Y S T E R C A T C H E R

M u c h t h e m a j o r f e e d i n g c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f O y s t e r c a t c h e r s , a v e r a g i n g w e L L o v e r1 1 0 0 0 b i r d s ( s e c t o r I i n A p p e n d i x 9 . 2 ) , w a s o n t h e m u s s e L b e d s o f S a l m o nP o i n t S c a r , b e t w e e n t h e T y w i a n d G w e n d r a e t h e s t u a r i e s ( F i g u r e 5 . 6 ) . B i r d sf r o m h e r e r o o s t e d L a r g e L y a t T y w y n P o i n t , w h e r e a s m a n y o f t h e c o c k L e - f e e d i n gb i r d s a L o n g t h e s o u t h - w e s t e r n s h o r e o f t h e T a f r o o s t e d a t t h e n e a r e r G i n s tP o i n t . G o o d n u m b e r s o f f e e d i n g b i r d s w e r e a L s o s p r e a d a L o n g t h e C e f n S i d a nc o a s t . M o s t o f t h e s e p r o b a b L y r o o s t e d a r o u n d T y w y n P o i n t , b u t m o r e d e t a i L e ds t u d i e s m i g h t e s t a b L i s h t h a t s o m e m o v e a c r o s s t o t ' J h i t e . f o r d P o i n t a n d t h en e i g h b o u r i n g s a L t m a r s h w i t h i n t h e t s u r r y I n L e t .

5 . 7 R I N G E D P L O V E R

A f L o c k o f u p t o 3 0 b i r d s h , a s p r e s e n t a L o n g t h e L o w e r e a s t e r n s h o r e o f t h eT y w i , i n c L u d i n g t h e S a L m o n P o i n t S c a n a r e a a t t h e m o u t h o f t h e G w e n d r a e t h .E L s e w h e r e , s m a L L e r n u m b e r s w e r e e p i s o d i c a L L y n o t e d t o t h e s o u t h o f B L a c k S c a ro n t h e e a s t e r n s j d e o f t h e T a f . N o n e h , a s r e c o r d e d a L o n g C e f n S ' i d a n b u t ,b e c a u s e t h e c o u n t s t h e r e r . l e r e c o n d u c t e d f r o m t h e L o w e r s h o r e , s m a L L n u m b e r sc o u L d p o s s i b L y h a v e b e e n o v e r L o o k e d o n t h e u p p e r s h o r e .

5 . 8 G R E Y P L O V E R

W i t h i n t h e T h r e e R i v e r s , a L m o s t a L L b i r d s n o t e d h , e r e o n o r a r o u n d S a L m o nP o i n t S c a r . I n a d d i t i o n , s m a L L n u m b e r s w e r e s p r e a d a L o n g C e f n S i d a n .

5 .9 LAPWING

subs tan t i aL f Locks exceed ing 500 b i r ds occu r red a t t imesand /o r uppe r r eaches o f aLL t h ree es tua r i es (F i gu re 5 .9 ) .

a L o n g t h e m i d d L e

5 , 1 0 K N o T

l r l o b i r d s w e r e o b s e r v e d f e e d i n g w i t h i n t h e T h r e e R ' i v e r s , b u t u p t o c a 6 0 0 w e r en o t e d a L o n g t h e m i d d l e p a r t o f C e f n S i d a n ( F i g u r e 5 . 1 0 ) . I t 6 l e m s v e r yL i k e l y t h a t m a n y o r m o s t o f t h e s e m o v e t o a n d f r o m t h e t s u r r y I n l e t , r a r e L ye n t e r i n g t h e e s t u a r i e s o f t h e T h r e e R i v e r s t o f o r a g e .

5 . 1 1 S A N D E R L I N G

E x c e p t f o r t h e o d d s m a l l g r o u p a t S a l m o n P o i n t S c a r , n o t s e e n w i t h i n t h ee s t u a r i e s o f t h e T h r e e R i v e r s . I n e x c e s s o f 5 0 0 b i r d s f e e d a L o n g C e f n S i d a n( F ' i g u r e 5 . 1 1 ) , s o m e o f w h i c h m a y w e l L m o v e a t t i m e s t o a n d f r o m b o t h p e n d i n e

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23

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F i g u r e 5 . 1 0

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S a n d s t o t h eP r y s - J o n e s e t

wes t and t rh i t e f o rda L . 1989 ) .

27

Sands t o t he sou th -eas t ( c f . p ra te r 1g7 l ,

5 . 1 2 D U N L I N

T h e L a r g e s t n u m b e r s o f f e e d ' i n g D u n L i n o c c u r r e dc o n c e n t r a t i o n i n t h e g e n e r a L v i c i n i t y o f S a L m o nV e r y f e w w e r e p r e s e n t o n t h e T a f , i n a c c o r d w it h a t , o t h e r t h e n R e d s h a n k " . . . t h e T a f i s n o ts m a L L w a d e r s . "

a L o n g C e f n S i d a n , w i t h a n o t h e rP o i n t S c a r ( F i g u r e 5 . 1 2 > .

t h t h e c o m m e n t o f D a v i s ( 1 9 8 4 )n o t e d f o r L a r g e n u m b e r s o f

5 . 1 3 B L A C K - T A I L E D G O D W I T

A f L o c k o f u p t o j u s t u n d e r 4 0 b i r d s r . l a s r e g u l a r l y p r e s e n t t h r o u g h t h e w i n . t e ro n t h e L o w e r T y w ' t , g e n e r a L L y a L o n g t h e e a s t e r n s h o r e i n t h e v i c j n i t y o fF e r r y s i d e . T h e s e b i r d s w e r e s e e n n o w h e r e e L s e w i t h i n t h e C a r m a r t h e n B a y s i t ea n d w o u L d a p p e a r t o b e a s e p a r a t e p o p u L a t i o n f r c m t h e s L i g h t L y L a r g e r n u m b e r so c c u r r i n g i n t h e B u r r y r n L e t ( P r y s - J o n e s e t a L . l g } g > .

5 . 1 4 B A R - T A I L E D G O D W I T

T h e L a r g e n u m b e r s ( > 6 0 0 ) o f B a r - t a j L e d G o d w i t w h i c h o c c a s i o n a L L y f r e q u e n tC e f n S i d a n v e r y p r o b a b L y o r i g i n a t e f r o m t h e t s u r r y I n L e t ( s e e s e c t i o n 4 . 4 ) ,w h e n e a s t h i s i s u n l i k e l y t o b e s o f o r t h e s m a l L e r p o p u L a t i o n p r e s e n t o n t h eL o w e r T y w i ( F i g u r e 5 - 1 4 ) . H e r e , n u m b e r s w e r e L o w ( < 5 0 ) u n t i L m j d w i n t e r b u tr e m a j n e d r e g u L a r L y a r o u n d f i O d u r i n g J a n u a r y a n d F e b r u a r y . A s w i t h t h eB L a c k - t a i L e d G o d w i t , t h e y w e r e n e v e r s e e n o n t h e T a f o r G w e n d r a e t h .

5 . 1 5 C U R L E T J

U b ' i q u i t o u s w i t h i n t h e e s t u a r j n e a r e a o f t h e T h r e e R i v e r s , b u t w i t h m a j o rc o n c e n t r a t i o n s a L o n g t h e L o w e n w e s t s h o r e o f t h e T a f a n d a r o u n d S a L m o n p o i n tS c a r ( F i g u r e 5 . 1 5 ) . V i r t u a L L y u n r e c o r d e d b y t h e c o u n t s a L o n g C e f n S i d a n .

5 . 1 6 R E D S H A N K

t l i d e L y d i s t r i b u t e d w i t h i n t h e e s t u a r i n e a r e a o f t h e T h r e e R i v e r s , b u t a b s e n tf r o m C e f n S i d a n ( F i g u r e 5 . 1 6 ) . M o s t a b u n d a n t o n t h e m u d d i e n a r e a s ,e s p e c i a l l y n e a r a n d u p s t r e a m o f L a u g h a r n e o n t h e T a f , a s w e L L a s o n t h eG w e n d r a e t h .

5 . 1 7 T U R N S T O N E

N o t e d o n L y o n S a L r n o n P o i n t S c a r , w h e r e a f L o c k o fp r e s e n t .

t oup 70 w a s r e g u L a r L y

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31

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F i g u r e 5 . 1 6

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32

6 . S Y N T H E S I S A N D C O N C L U S I O N S

T h e s t a n d a r d i z e d c o u n t d a t a c u r r e n t L y a v a i L a b L e f o r t h e C a r m a r t h e n t s a y s i t ea r e t o o L i m i t e d f o r a n y r e L i a b L e a s s e s s m e n t o f r e g u L a r p a s s a g e p o p u L a t i o n s o rf o r a n y a t t e m p t a t r e v j e w i n g t j m e t n e n d s i n w i n t e r i n g p o p u L a t j o n s .N e v e r t h e L e s s , a n a L y s i s o f t h e c o u n t s a v a i L a b L e f o r t h e w i n t e r p e r i o d h a v er e v e a L e d t h e s i t e t o b e o f c o n s j d e r a b L e s i g n j f i c a n c e t o i n t e r t j d a L b i r d s ,w i t h r e g u L a r w i n t e r i n g p o p u L a t i o n s o f a b o u t 1 1 5 0 0 w i L d f o w L a n d 1 2 1 5 0 0 w a d e r s .T w o s p e c i e s , O y s t e r c a t c h e r a n d S a n d e r L i n g , a r e r e g u L a r L y p r e s e n t i nn a t i o n a L L y i m p o r t a n t w i n t e r i n g n u m b e r s l j n a d d i t i o n f u r t h e r s t u d i e s m i g h tr e v e a L B a r - t a i L e d G o d w i t a n d R e d s h a n k a s b e i n g s o r a n d G o l d e n P L o v e r f l o c k sa t L e a s t o n o c c a s i o n e x c e e d t h e a p p r o p r i a t e q u a L i f y i n g L e v e L . D u r i n g s e v e r ew e a t h e r " , f L o c k s o f 1 1 0 0 0 o r m o r e I ' l i g e o n n a y a L s o b e p r e s e n t . O f f s h o r e , t h eC o m m o n S c o t e r m o u L t i n g a n d w i n t e r i n g p o p u L a t i o n o n C a r m a r t h e n B a y i s c L e a r L yo f m a j o r s i g n i f j c a n c e ( O w e n e t a L . 1 9 8 6 ) , b u t f o r L o g ' i s t i c a L r e a s o n s o u t s i d et h e s c o p e o f t h i s s t u d y . B e f f i a s s e s s r n e n t o f t h e s a n d e r L i n g p o p u L a t i o n ,L a r g e L y c o n f i n e d t o t h e e x t r e m e L y p o o r L y c e n s u s e d s a n d y b e a c h e s o f C e f n S i d a na n d P e n d i n e S a n d s , w o u L d a p p e a r t o b e a p r i o r i t y . T h e p o p u L a t i o n p r e s e n ts e e m s L i k e L y t o b e t h e s e c o n d L a r g e s t c n a n e s t u a r i n e B o E E s i t e i n t h e U . K . ,a n d t h o r o u g h c o v e r a g e m i g h t w e L L r e v e a L i t t o b e o f j n t e r n a t i o n a Ls i g n j f i c a n c e .

T h e d i s t r i b u t i o n m a p s p r e s e n t e d i n C h a p t e r 5 r e v e a L a s i t u a t j o n i n w h j c h m o s to f t h e s i t e i s i m p o r t a n t f o r o n e o r m o r e s p e c i e s , m a k i n g j t d i f f i c u L t t os i n g L e o u t d i s c r e t e a r e a s a s b e i n g o f e s p e c i a L c o n s e r v a t ' i o n s i g n i f i c a n c e .O n e e x c e p t i o n i s S a L m o n P o i n t S c a r ( s e c t o r I o n F i g u r e 3 . 2 ) , a t t h e j u n c t i o no f t h e T y w i a n d G w e n d r a e t h , w h i c h i s c l e a r L y t h e k e y t o t h e p r e s e n c e o f an a t i o n a L L y i m p o r t a n t 0 y s t e r c a t c h e r p o p u L a t i o n , a s w e L L a s b e i n g u t j i . i z e d b y ad i v e r s i t y o f o t h e r s p e c i e s ( s e e A p p e n d i c e s 9 . 1 a n d 9 . 2 ) . T r e a t m e n t o f t h eT a f t T y w i a n d G w e n d r a e t h e s t u a r j e s a s a s i n g L e u n i t f o r c o n s e r v a t j o n p u r p o s e sw o u L d a p p e a r d e s i r a b L e ( D a v i s 1 9 8 4 ) , a s t h e r e i s u n d o u b t e d L y c o n s i d e r a b L ei n t e r c h a n g e o f t h e i r b i r d p o p u L a t j o n s / , a L t h o u g h t h i s n a y b e r e L a t i v e L y L e s sf r e q u e n t i n t h e c a s e o f t h e T a f t h a n f o r t h e T y w i a n d G w e n d r a e t h ( c f . p r a t e r1 9 8 1 ) . S i m i L a r L y , t h e L i n k i n g o f C e f n S i d a n w i t h t h e T h r e e R l T e r s w o u L da p p e a r t o b e a p p r o p r i a t e a s m a n y b i r d s f r o m b o t h a r e a s a p p e a r t o r o o s t a tT y w y n P o i n t . H o w e v e r , r e s u L t s f r o m c o u n t s j n d i c a t e t h a t K n o t a n d B a r - t a j L e dG o d w i t , a n d p o s s i b L y o t h e r s p e c i e s a L s o , m a y n o t u n c o m m o n L y m o v e b e t w e e n C e f nS i d a n a n d t h e B u r r y I n L e t . M o r e d e t a i L e d o b s e r v a t ' i o n s , p o s s i b L y i n c L u d i n gt r a p p i n g a n d c o L o u r m a r k i n g , a r e r e q u i r e d t o r e v e a L t h e s c a L e a n d f r e q u e n c yo f t h i s i n t e r c h a n g e . S h o u L d i n t e r c h a n g e p r o v e c o n s i d e r a b L e , c o n s i d e n a t i o nw o u L d h a v e t o b e g i v e n t o L i n k ' i n g b o t h t h e c u r r e n t C a r m a r t h e n B a y s i t e a n dB u r r y I n L e t a s a s i n g L e " C a r m a r t h e n B a y c o m p L e x , , .

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33

7 . AC KNOI^'LE DGMENTS

t J e a r e i n d e b t e d t o a L L p a r t i c i p a n t s o v e r t h e y e a r s i n t h e B i r d s o f E s t u a r i e sE n q u i r y o n C a r m a r t h e n B a y , a s w e L L a s t o o t h e r s w h o h a v e p r o v j d e d i m p o r t a n ta s s i s t a n c e i n t h e p r o d u c t i o n o f t h j s r e p o r t . I n p a r t i c u L a r , t . l e t h a n k G a v i nH a L L a n d W y n P a r r y f o r c a r r y i n g o u t L o w t i d e c o u n t s a l o n g C e f n S i d a n , J e f fK i r b y a n d I a n M o r g a n f o r m u c h g e n e r a L a d v i c e a n d i n f o r m a t i o n , D i L w y n R o b e r t sf o r p r o v i d i n g d a t a f r o m c o u n t y r e c o r d s a n d f o r h e L p i n r e o r g a n i z i n g B o E Ec o u n t i n g o n t h e s i t e , E L i z a b e t h M u r r a y f o r d r a w i n g t h e f i g u r e s a n d D o r o t h yS m a L L w o o t j K e a t i n g f o r c o m p u t e r i z i n g d a t a a n d t y p i n g t h e r e p o r t .

T h e w o r k o f t h e B T 0 r s E s t u a r i e s P r o g r a m m e i s c o - s p o n s o r e d b y t h e t s T O , N a t u r eC o n s e r v a n c y C o u n c i L , R o y a L S o c i e t y f o r t h e P r o t e c t i o n o f B i r d s a n d t h eD e p a r t m e n t o f t h e E n v i r c n m e n t f o r N o r t h e r n I r e L a n d .

Page 47: THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF WILDFOhIL AND · Review site by RatcLiffe (977). Figure 1.1 outLines the systemrs current protection by means of three Sites of SpeciaL Scientifjc
Page 48: THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF WILDFOhIL AND · Review site by RatcLiffe (977). Figure 1.1 outLines the systemrs current protection by means of three Sites of SpeciaL Scientifjc

34

RE FEREN CES

D a v i s , P . E , 1 9 8 4 . B i r d s o f t h e c o a s t L i n e f r o m L o u g h o r t o L a u g h a r n e .C y c L o s t y L e d r e p o r t , 6 p p . N C C , S o u t h [ , l a L e s R e g i o n , W a L e s F j e L d U n j t .

M o r g a n , I . K . n o d a t e . B i r d s o f t h e C a r m a r t h e n s h i r e c o a s t .B i rd Repor t 19822 18-23 .

C a r m a r t h e n s h i r e

8 .

O w e n , N . , A t k i n s o n - l r f i L L e s , G . L . & S a L r n o n , D . G . 1 9 8 6 .B r i t a i n . Z n d e d . U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s , C a m b r i d g e .

t ' l i Ld fowL 1 n Grea t

P i r o t , J . - Y . , L a u r s e n , K . , M a d s e n , J . & M o n v a L , J . - Y . 1 9 8 9 . P o p u L a t j o ne s t i m a t e s o f s w a n s , g e e s e , d u c k s a n d E u r a s i a n C o o t F u L i c a a t r a i n t h e[ ' l e s t e r n P a L e a r c t i c a n d S a h e L i a n A f r i c a . I I I R B S p e c . P u b L . r e

P r a t e r , A . J . 1 9 7 7 . T h e b i r d s o f t h e t s u r r y I n L e t , p p 5 ( 1 ) 1 - 5 ( 1 ) 1 2 i nN e L s o n - S m i t h , A . & B r i d g e s , E . M . ( e d s ) : P r o b L e m s o f a s m a L l . e s t u a r y .U n i v e r s i t y C o L L e g e o f S w a n s e a , S w a n s e a .

P r a t e r , A . J . 1 9 8 1 . E s t u a r y b i r d s o f B r i t a i n a n d I r e L a n d . P o y s e r , C a L t o n .

P r a t e r , A . J , & R o w e , S . 1 9 7 8 . B T O / R S P B / W T B i r d s o f E s t u a r i e s E n q u i r " y1 9 6 9 - 7 5 : t a b L e s o f a v e r a g e w q d e

P r y s - J o n e s , R . P .w a d e r s o n t h e

1 9 8 9 . T h e a b u n d a n c e a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n o f w i L d f o w L a n dC L e d d a u ( M j L f o r d H a v e n ) . B T 0 R e s e a r c h R e p o r t n o . 4 5 a n d t r t C C

D j r e c t o r a t e c o m m i s s i o n e d r e s e a n c h r e p o r t n o . 9 6 4 .

H o w e L L s , R . J . & K i r b y , J . S . 1 9 8 9 . T h e a b u n d a n c e a n dw i L d f o w l a n d w a d e r s o n t h e B u r r y I

: ' l c c ch ie f sc i en t i s t D i r ec to ra te commiss ioned resea rch

C h i e f S c i e n t i s t

P r y s - J o n e s , R . P . ,d i s t r i b u t i o n o fRepor t no .43 a rdrepor t no .926 .

R a m s a r C o n v e n t i o n B u r e a u 1 9 8 8 .i m p o r t a n c e e s p e c i a L L y a s

C o n v e n t i o n o n w e t L a n d s o f i n t e r n a t i o n a Lw a t e n f o w L h a b i t a t .

M t g . C o n f . C o n t r . P a r t i e s ,

R a t c L i f f e , D . A . ( e d ) 1 9 7 7 .C a m b r i d g e .

R e g i n a , C a n a d a , 1 9 8 7 .

A n a t u r e c o n s e r v a t i o n

P roc .3 rd

U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s ,

G L a n d .

r e v i e w .

R o b e r t s , D . H . V . & M o r g a n , I . K . ( e d s ) n o d a t e . B i r d s1 9 8 4 - 8 5 . C a r m a r t h e n s h i f e B i r d R e p o r t 1 9 8 4 a n d 1 9 8 5 :

S a L m o n , D . G . 2 P r y s - J o n e s , R . P . & K i r b y , J . S . 1 9 8 8 .

i n C a r m a r t h e n s h i n e :1-35 .

| ' J i L d f o w L a n d w a d e rcoun ts 1987 -88 . The t , i Ld fowL T rus t , SL imbr i dge .

S a L m o n , D . G . , P r y s - J o n e s , R , P . & K i r b y , J . S . 1 9 8 9 . t ' l i L d f o w L a n d w a d e rc o u n t s 1 9 8 8 - 8 9 . T h e W i L d f o w L & [ ' l e t L a n d s T r u s t , S L i m b r i d g e .

S m i t , C . J . & P i e r s m a ,m i g r a t i o n o f w a d e rS p e c , P u b L , 9 : 2 4 - 6 3 .

T . 1 9 8 9 . N u m b e r s , m j d w i n t e r d i s t r i b u t i o n , a n dp o p u L a t i o n s u s i n g t h e E a s t A t I a n t i c f L y w a y . I t , R B

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35

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A p p e n d i x 9 . 3

37

S c i e n t i f i c n a m e s o f s p e c i e s m e n t i o n e d i n t h e t e x t .

Mute SwanB e w i c k I s S w a nWhooper SwanE u r o p e a n t r h i t e - f r o n t e d G o o s eG r e y L a g G o o s eCanada GooseB a r n a c L e G o o s eD a r k - b e L L i e d B r e n t G o o s eS h e L d u c khl i geonGadwa L LTea LM a L L a r dP i n t a i LS h o v e L e rP o c h a r dS c a u pE i d e rL o n g - t a i L e d D u c kC o m m o n S c o t e rGo LdeneyeR e d - b r e a s t e d M e r g a n s e rGoosande r

0 y s t e r c a t c h e rAvoce tR i n g e d P L o v e rG o L d e n P L o v e rG r e y P L o v e rLapw i ngKnotS a n d e r L i n gC u r L e w S a n d p i p e rP u r p L e S a n d p i p e rD u n L i nR u f fJ a c k S n i p eS n i p eB L a c k - t a i L e d G o d w i tB a r - t a i L e d G o d w i tl,lh i mb re LC u r L e wS p o t t e d R e d s h a n kR e d s h a n kG r e e n s h a n kG r e e n S a n d p i p e rC o m m o n S a n d p i p e rTu rns tone

C y g n u s o L o rC y g n u s c o L u m b i a n u s b e w i c k i iC y g n u s c y g n u sA n s e r a L b i f r o n s a L b i f r o n sA n s e r a n s e rB r a n T a c a n a d e n s i sB r a n t a L e u c o p s i sB r a n t a b e r n i c L a b e r n i c L aT a d o r n a t a d o r n a-A n a s p e n e L o p eA n a s s t r e p e r aA n a s c r e c c a

F?TF-[FilrhynchosA n a s a c u t aniEffiataA y t h y a f e r i n aA y t h y a m a r i L aS o m a t e r i a m o L L i s s i m a

M e L a n i t t a n i g r a@taM e r g u s s e r r a t o rM e r g u s m e r g a n s e r

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Page 52: THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF WILDFOhIL AND · Review site by RatcLiffe (977). Figure 1.1 outLines the systemrs current protection by means of three Sites of SpeciaL Scientifjc

Append ' i x 9 .4

N o . o f c o u n t s

Mute SwanW h o o p e r S w a nG r e y L a g G o o s eB r e n t G o o s eS h e L d u c k[ ' l i geonT e a LM a L L a r dP i n t a i LS h o v e L e rP o c h a r dC o m m o n S c o t e rGo LdeneyeR e d - b r . M e r g a n s e r

O y s t e r c a t c h e rR i nged P Love rG o L d e n P L o v e rG r e y P L o v e rLapwi ngKnotS a n d e r L i n gD u n L i nR u f fJ a c k S n i p eS n i p eB L a c k - t . G o d w i tBa r - t . Godwi tC u r L e wS p o t t e d R e d s h a n kR e d s h a n kG r e e n s h a n kG r e e n S a n d p i p e rC o m m o n S a n d p i p e rT u r n s t o n e

A v e r a g e m o n t h L y B o E Eper iod November 1982T y w i / G w e n d r a e t h .

3 8

c o u n t s i n w i n t e rto November 1987

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A p p e n d i x 9 . 5

S h e L d u c kWi geonTea LM a L t a r dGo LdeneyeR e d - b r . M e r g a n s e r

O y s t e r c a t c h e rR i n g e d P L o v e rG r e y P L o v e rLapw i ngS a n d e r L i n gD u n L i nS n i p eB L a c k - t . G o d w i tBa r - t . Godw i tC u r L e wS p o t t e d R e d s h a n kR e d s h a n kG r e e n s h a n kG r e e n S a n d p i p e rC o m m o n S a n d p i p e rTu rn s t one

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M o n t h L y a v e r a g e c o u n t s f o r t h e T a f a n d t h e T y w ' i / G w e n d r a e t hf r o m t h e s p e c ' i a L s t u d i e s c a r r i e d o u t b e t w e e n N o v e m b e r 1 g 8 Za n d F e b r u a r y 1 9 8 8 .

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A p p e n d i x 9 . 6

4 0

M o n t h L y p e a k c o u n t s f o r t h e T a f a n df r o m t h e s p e c i a L s t u d i e s c a r r i e d o u ta n d F e b r u a r y 1 9 8 8 .

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