The 60’s Rock N’ Roll The Election of 1960 The Era of Television Politics Campaign focused on...
Transcript of The 60’s Rock N’ Roll The Election of 1960 The Era of Television Politics Campaign focused on...
The 60’s
Rock N’ Roll
The Election of 1960
• The Era of Television Politics
• Campaign focused on the economy & the Cold War.
Kennedy
• Believed in a Missile Gap = The U.S. was behind the Soviets.
Nixon Believed
• The U.S. Was on the Right Track
John F. Kennedy’s Obstacles
• Young
• Catholic
• Wealthy
• Inexperienced
• Dad, Joseph Kennedy
Solution
• Money = Campaign• Catholic= Promise to do what is
best for the country• Dad – Use his connections + the
large family campaigned for him• Youth = energy & new ideas
Kennedy vs. Nixon
Sick with the Flu Tan & Healthy
Kennedy won by a small %
• Camelot
• “Ask not what your
Country can do for you,
but what you can do for
Your country.”
The Kennedy Mystique
• Captured America’s Imagination
• Youth, charisma ,optimism for the future
• Glamorous wife
• Intelligent & Educated
• Extensive plans to modernize America
New Frontier Solutions
• Education
• Health Care for the Elderly
• Dept. of Urban Affairs
• Deficit Spending
More
• NASA
SPACE MAN N.A.S.A
For the Ladies……..
• Presidential Commission on the Status of Women –calling for federal action against gender discrimination *& equal pay
Warren Court Reforms
• Social Issues were a focus.
• The Supreme Court took an activist tone, helping shape national policy
• Civil Rights, freedom of the Press, separation of church & state, rights of the accused.
Due Process
• Required that the law not treat an individual unfairly, arbitrarily, or unreasonably.
Warren Court
• Was favored by some , but opposed by many.
• Had a major influence on our national policy.
• Reapportionment – moved political power to urban, liberal areas with “one man, one vote” policy of electoral voting.
Global Challenges
• Cold War – tried to curb communism & reduce the threat of nuclear war
Flexible Response
• buildup of conventional weapons & troops
Green Berets
• Special Forces =guerrilla warfare
Kennedy’s Successes• Alliance for Progress: improve relations
with Latin America Cooperative Aid projects
• Peace Corps – fight poverty, illiteracy in 3rd World Countries with American volunteers
• NASA – Space Race – the challenge for America to be the 1st to reach the moon
Crises of the Cold War
• Bay of Pigs: April 17, 1961
• Cuban exiles ( with American help( landed at Bay of Pigs to overthrow Fidel Castro.
Fiasco!!!!!!!!!!!!!
• Americans did not get supplies in.
• Exiles are aged, out of shape soldiers
• Cubans did not rise up to help Exiles
• Disaster Struck & the revolution is an
embarrassment to JFK
• He looks weak.
Berlin Wall
• Nikita Khrushchev vs. Kennedy
Berlin Wall
Soviet leader built a wall through Berlin, stopping movement
between the Soviet side for 30 years.
Berlin Wall
• The Symbol of the Cold War
People try to escape
Involvement in Vietnam
• Kennedy begins to send in American “Advisors” and the first soldiers.
Cuban Missile Crises
• American spies discover that Soviet technicians & equipment had arrived in Cuba in the summer of 62
Military construction was in progress
Long Range Missiles
• “The Bomb”
Nuclear Holocaust was feared
• For 3 Long Days, The world was on the edge of a nuclear war as Soviet Ships continued to sail toward Cuba.
Show Down
• Who would blink First?
Resolution
• Kennedy agrees not to invade Cuba & remove missiles in Turkey.
Hot Line
• is Installed in Kremlin & the White House
Changes
• Treaties to ban testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere.
Result
• Khrushchev’s career is over. Next Soviet leader is less interested in reaching agreements with the West.
• Result = Massive Soviet arms buildup
The Death of a Hero
• November 22, 1963, JFK was shot twice while riding in a presidential motorcade in Dallas, Texas.
• Lee Harvey Oswald, a Marxist, was accused of killing Kennedy.
Lee Harvey Oswald
• Was shot 2 days later & died by Jack Ruby
• Ruby was a nightclub owner , died of Cancer a short time later.
• It was suspected that Ruby killed Oswald to protect others involved in murdering the President.
Warren Commission
• Investigated the assassination of America’s President.
• The report left a few questions unanswered, but ruled that Oswald was the lone gunman.
• Conspiracy theories continue…. Castro, Soviets, Mafia, even LBJ?????
America Grieves
• The Funeral procession was televised & America Mourned the loss of their young President. Hope Died.
Lyndon Baines Johnson
Is sworn in as President on Air Force One
Johnson’s Presidency
• The Economy was suffering, ( 50 million poor)
• The Vietnam Conflict grows.
• LBJ spoke directly & roughly (cussed a lot)
• Had the ability ( & experience) to build consensus & build coalitions = success & powerful leaders in the Senate
The War on Poverty• Johnson’s plan to eliminate poverty,
illiteracy , crime, and other social problems.
• Office of Economic Opportunity – focused on finding jobs & fighting poverty
The Great Society
• Vision of a more perfect, equitable society
• Medicare (elderly) & Medicaid ( welfare)
• Head Start
• VISTA: Volunteers in Service to America
• HUD
• Immigration reform & limits
Legacy of the Great Society
• The impact was felt by all Americans & improved many lives.
• Some opposed the massive growth of federal funds and criticized the Great Society for intruding too much.
• Taxation & Budget Problems.
Civil Rights
MLK
Civil Rights Steps
• Sit Ins : Woolworth’s in Greensboro, N.C. in 1959
• SNCC: Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
• Register Voters in the South
Freedom Riders
• Ride buses to Mississippi to insure that Interstate transportation systems were truly integrated.
Education
• James Meredith: 1962 U of Mississippi the Governor blocked his path. Kennedy sent in the Federal Marshals to escort him to class.
• Alabama Governor blocks admission for 2 black students.
• MLK is jailed several times. The non-violent protest continue.
I Have A Dream
• Dr. King leads 200,000 peaceful demonstrators of all races to Washington D.C. on August 28, 1963.
Invention that Assists the Movement
• Americans see the violence
• They are forced to take a
Stand as the violence grows.
Civil Rights Act of 1964/65
• Kennedy began the process of stopping discrimination in public & work places & to end school segregation.
• Johnson pushed in through Congress.
Race Riots
• Prejudice Continues
• Riots in many American cities in the summers between 65 & 68.
• Watts burned for 6 days.
Black Power
• Turned away from the non-violent teachings
• Self Defense & live separately from Whites
• Stokely Carmichael, SNCC leader, believed that blacks should control the social, political, & economic direction of their struggle for equality.
Malcolm X
• Nation of Islam, known as the Black Muslims, believed that African Americans should separate themselves from whites and form their self-governing communities.
• Later he broke with the Nation of Islam, & believed an integrated society was possible.
• 3 members shot & killed him.
Black Panthers
• Militant African American leaders preaching “Black Power”, black nationalism, & economic self-sufficiency.
• The group believed that a revolution was necessary to gain equal rights.
Assassination of Dr. King
• Memphis, Tn. On April 4, 1968.
• Created a national mourning as well as riots in more than 100 cities.
• Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1968, which contained a fair housing provision.
The Struggle for Voting Rights
• Black voters were often beaten, attacked, killed.
• Bombs exploded.• The March from Selma to Montgomery =
Bloody Sunday , Dr. King organized. The nation saw the violence (tv)as 200 State Troopers attacked the peaceful demonstrators.
Civil Rights Act of 1965
• Gave the Attorney General the right to send in federal examiners to register qualified voters,.
• 250,000 new African American voters.