The 5th congress of the Paris appeal - Exposure to electromagnetic fields, mercury release and...

Increased Mercury Release from Dental Amalgam Restorations after Exposure to Electromagnetic

The Fifth Congress of the Paris AppealMay 18th 2015

Royal Academy Of Medecine, Belgium

Restorations after Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields as a Potential Hazard for Hypersensitive

People and Pregnant Women

Ghazal Mortazavi (DDs) and SMJ

Mortazavi (Ph.D)1

SMJ Mortazavi, Ph.DProfessor of Medical Physics & INIRPRC Director

Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

[email protected]

Ghazal Mortazavi, Ph.DDentist

Bushehr University of Medical Sciences

[email protected]

The Fifth Congress of the Paris Appeal

Environmental idiopathic intolerance:

What role for EMFs and multiple


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chemicals ?

Electrohypersensitivity (EHS) and multiple

chemical sensitivity (MCS)

� Electricity is an essential part of modern life.

� It is estimated that by the middle of this century, the global use century, the global use of electricity will be multiplied by a factor of 2.5 to 3.0.


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� Electromagnetic fields (EMF) are produced by the motion of electrons.

� All electrical or electronic devices such as wireless technologies (e.g. Wi-Fi, mobile phones and cordless phones), laptop computers, microwave ovens and power phones), laptop computers, microwave ovens and power lines produce electromagnetic fields.


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EMF Ocean!We all live in an ocean of electromagnetic fields!


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A very basic question that should be

answered:

Why is Exposure to Different

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Why is Exposure to Different

Sources of EMFs so Important?

9

� Very Frequent Use by the Whole Population

� Wide Geographical Distribution of Users

� In Africa, No land-line but mobile phones are used

� Poor Knowledge about the Effects

� Inescapable Exposures

Ghazal Mortazavi (DDs) and SMJ Mortazavi (Ph.D)

� Very Wide Sources

� Baby Watch, Wireless Technologies

� Hidden Sources

� Wi-Fi Signals coming from our neighbours

� Continuous 24 h/d, 7 days/wk exposures

� Old Standards

� Challenging Serious Biological Effects

� The issue of exposure to Children

Current Controversies!

� The effect of RF-EMF on biological systems is still controversial.


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Amalgam Mercury Issue

� It was previously believed that dental amalgam, which contains about fifty precents mercury, is inertand cannot release mercury and cannot release mercury after restoration.

� However, in 2009, the US FDA acknowledged that dental amalgam releases low levels of elemental mercury vapor.


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Dental Amalgam Safety Concern

� Since 150 years ago, amalgam has been used in dentistry as an excellent and versatile

� However, nowadays, the popularity of amalgam is decreasing due to rapidly growing concerns about its excellent and versatile

dental restorative material due to its properties such as low cost, ease of application, strength, durability, and bacteriostatic effects.

growing concerns about its detrimental health effects, environmental pollution, and aesthetics.


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Now there is a growing public concern!


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Historical Changes of Mercury%

� After some historical changes in the mercury-to-amalgam ratio, modern amalgams are modern amalgams are now produced from precapsulated alloy consisting of 42-45% mercury by weight.


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According to ADA:

“Sometimes described as “silver-

colored” fillings, dental amalgam

Ghazal Mortazavi (DDs) and SMJ Mortazavi (Ph.D)15

colored” fillings, dental amalgam

has been used by dentists for more

than 100 years!” “Because of their durability, these

silver-colored fillings are often the

best choice for large cavities or

those that occur in the back teeth

where a lot of force is needed to

chew.”

Are low levels of mercury safe?

� Recent findings indicate that mercury, even at low doses, may cause toxicity

� As dental amalgam fillings release � As dental amalgam fillings release low levels of elemental mercury vapor, today, there is a debate over :

� If these levels are safe and

�Whether the safety threshold is the same for different subpopulations.


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• Concerns regarding the rapidly

growing exposure to EMF sources and

increased mercury release from dental

The rationale for our previous

studies


increased mercury release from dental

amalgam after exposure to

electromagnetic fields, especially in

children, people who are routinely

exposed to electromagnetic fields and

hypersensitive subpopulations,

prompted us to perform more studies.

MRI and the Release of Mercury

� Our first report on the role of exposure to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or imaging (MRI) or microwave radiation emitted by mobile phones in enhancing the release of mercury from dental amalgam restoration was published in 2008.


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MRI & Release of Mercury


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Mobile Phone Use and the Release of Mercury


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Rationale for Our Recent Study

�Nowadays, MRI systems utilize:utilize:� Stronger static magnetic fields

� Faster and stronger gradient magnetic fields

� More powerful radiofrequency(RF) transmission coils

SMJ Mortazavi

Methods in our recent study

� To overcome the limitations of our previous study, we have recently studied the effects of stronger magnetic fields (1.5 T in our recent study vs. 0.25 T in our previous report) and provided further support for the adverse effect of MRI in increasing the release of mercury from dental amalgam fillings.


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ResultsResults


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No Effect Reports in the Literature� We have also shown that a few published papers which reported no which reported no increased release of mercury after MRI, may have severe methodological flaws.


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Mortazavi, G and Mortazavi,

SM (2015) Should pregnant

women with dental amalgam

fillings limit their exposure to

electromagnetic fields to


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electromagnetic fields to

prevent the toxic effects of

mercury in their foetuses?

Technol Health Care.


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Mortazavi, G and Mortazavi, SMJ (in press) Amalgam contact hypersensitivity lesion: An unusual presentation-

report of a rare case. Annals of medical and health sciences research.

Figure

Human exposure to electromagnetic

fields generated by mobile phones,

MRI or X-rays can lead to increased

release of mercury from dental

amalgam fillings.


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Ghazal Mortazavi, Hossein Mozdarani, Samaneh

Jarideh, and SMJ Mortazavi . How Limiting is the

Increased Mercury Release Due to Exposure to

Electromagnetic Fields in Using Dental Amalgam in

Restorative Dentistry? IJRR. In press.

AutismIntroducing a Hypothesis


Autism Issue� There are some evidence indicating that perinatal exposure to mercury is significantly associated with an increased risk of developmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

� Furthermore, mercury can decrease the levels of neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin, noreprenephrine, and acetylcholine in the brain and cause neurological problems.


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Autism Issue:� On the other hand, a strong positive correlation between maternal and cord blood mercury levels is found in some studies.


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Autism Issue:

� Maternal exposure to electromagnetic fields in mothers with dental amalgam fillings may cause elevated levels of mercury and trigger the increase in elevated levels of mercury and trigger the increase in autism rates.

� Further studies are needed to have a better understanding of the possible role of the increased mercury level after exposure to electromagnetic fields and the rate of autism spectrum disorders in the offspring.


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Autism Issue:

Considering the strong

association between

exposure to electromagnetic

fields and increased mercury

release from dental amalgam


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release from dental amalgam

fillings, it can be

hypothesized that maternal

exposure to electromagnetic

fields in mothers with dental

amalgam fillings may cause

elevated levels of mercury

and possibly trigger the

increase in autism rates


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Reference: Mortazavi, G, Haghani, M, Rastegarian, N, Zarei, S, and Mortazavi, S (2015) Increased Release of Mercury

from Dental Amalgam Fillings due to Maternal Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields as a Possible Mechanism for the High

Rates of Autism in the Offspring: Introducing a Hypothesis. Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering.

What can we do?


Can we move to mercury free dentistry?


Kathmandu– Academician, dental professionals and environmental experts emphasizes the protection of

human health and environmental pollution and urge the government to take initiative step to introduce national

regulation on mercury-free dentistry, mercury free health care services and an alternative dental curriculum.

Are There Alternatives to Using Dental Amalgam Fillings?

� Resin composite

� Glass ionomer Every restorative material has � Glass ionomer

� Resin ionomer

� Porcelain

� Gold alloys


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Every restorative material has

advantages and disadvantages!

According to ADA:

“Ultimately, the best dental filling

is no dental filling!”


is no dental filling!”

“Prevention is the best medicine!”

REFERENCES� [1] S. M. J. Mortazavi, M. Motamedifar, G. Namdari, M. Taheri, A. R. Mortazavi, and N. Shokrpour, "Non-

Linear Adaptive Phenomena which Decrease the Risk of infection after Pre-Exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation," Dose-Response, in press.

� [2] S. M. J. Mortazavi, S. Taeb, and N. Dehghan, "Alterations of Visual Reaction Time and Short Term Memory in Military Radar Personnel," Iranian J Publ Health, vol. 42, pp. 428-435, 2013.

� [3] S. M. J. Mortazavi, M. S. Rouintan, S. Taeb, N. Dehghan, A. A. Ghaffarpanah, Z. Sadeghi, et al., "Human short-term exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones decreases computer-assisted visual reaction time," Acta Neurologica Belgica, vol. 112, pp. 171-175, 2012.

� [4] S. M. J. Mortazavi, M. A. Mosleh-Shirazi, A. R. Tavassoli, M. Taheri, A. R. Mehdizadeh, S. A. S. Namazi, et al., "Increased Radioresistance to Lethal Doses of Gamma Rays in Mice and Rats after Exposure to Namazi, et al., "Increased Radioresistance to Lethal Doses of Gamma Rays in Mice and Rats after Exposure to Microwave Radiation Emitted by a GSM Mobile Phone Simulator," Dose Response, vol. 11 pp. 281-292, 2013.

� [5] S. Mortazavi, M. Mosleh-Shirazi, A. Tavassoli, M. Taheri, Z. Bagheri, R. Ghalandari, et al., "A comparative study on the increased radioresistance to lethal doses of gamma rays after exposure to microwave radiation and oral intake of flaxseed oil," Iranian Journal of Radiation Research, vol. 9, pp. 9-14, 2011.

� [6] S. M. J. Mortazavi, A. Habib, A. H. Ganj-Karimi, R. Samimi-Doost, A. Pour-Abedi, and A. Babaie, "Alterations in TSH and Thyroid Hormones Following Mobile Phone Use," OMJ, vol. 24, pp. 274-278 2009.

� [7] S. M. J. Mortazavi, E. Daiee, A. Yazdi, K. Khiabani, A. Kavousi, R. Vazirinejad, et al., "Mercury release from dental amalgam restorations after magnetic resonance imaging and following mobile phone use," Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 11, pp. 1142-1146, 2008.


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� [8] S. M. J. Mortazavi, J. Ahmadi, and M. Shariati, "Prevalence of subjective poor health symptoms associated with exposure to electromagnetic fields among University students," Bioelectromagnetics, vol. 28, pp. 326-330, 2007.

� [9] S. M. J. Mortazavi, "Safety Issue of Mobile Phone Base Stations " J Biomed Phys Eng, vol. 3, pp. 1-2, 2013.� [10] S. M. J. Mortazavi, "Adaptive responses after exposure to cosmic and natural terrestrial radiation," Indian Journal of

Radiation Research, pp. 104-112, 2004.� [11] S. M. J. Mortazavi, A. R. Tavasoli, F. Ranjbari, and P. Moamaei, "Effects of Laptop Computers' Electromagnetic Field

on Sperm Quality," Journal of Reproduction and Infertility, vol. 11, pp. 251-258, 2011.� [12] S. M. Mortazavi, S. Vazife-Doost, M. Yaghooti, S. Mehdizadeh, and A. Rajaie-Far, "Occupational exposure of dentists to

electromagnetic fields produced by magnetostrictive cavitrons alters the serum cortisol level," J Nat Sci Biol Med, vol. 3, pp. 60-4, Jan 2012.

� [13] S. M. Mortazavi, E. Daiee, A. Yazdi, K. Khiabani, A. Kavousi, R. Vazirinejad, et al., "Mercury release from dental amalgam restorations after magnetic resonance imaging and following mobile phone use," Pak J Biol Sci, vol. 11, pp. 1142-6, Apr 15 2008.

� [14] S. M. J. Mortazavi, M. Neghab, S. M. H. Anooshe, N. Bahaeddini, G. Mortazavi, and P. Neghab, "High Magnetic Flux � [14] S. M. J. Mortazavi, M. Neghab, S. M. H. Anooshe, N. Bahaeddini, G. Mortazavi, and P. Neghab, "High Magnetic Flux MRI Accelerates Release of Mercury from Dental Amalgam Fillings," THEIJOEM, 2014.

� [15] S. M. J. Mortazavi, M. Neghab, S. M. H. Anoosheh, N. Bahaeddini, G. Mortazavi, P. Neghab, et al., "High-field MRI and Mercury release from dental amalgam fillings," International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol. 5,pp. 101-105, 2014.

� [16] S. M. J. Mortazavi and G. Mortazavi, "Effects of X-rays and magnetic resonance imaging on mercury release from dental amalgam into artificial saliva," Oral Radiology, pp. 1-2, 2014/09/30 2014.

� [17] Mortazavi, G and Mortazavi, SMJ (in press) Amalgam contact hypersensitivity lesion: An unusual presentation-report of a rare case. Annals of medical and health sciences research.

� [18] Mortazavi, G, Jarideh, S, Mozdarani, H, and Mortazavi, SMJ (in press) Is Increased Mercury Release Due to Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields a Limiting Factor for Using Dental Amalgam? . IJRR.

� [19] Mortazavi, G, Haghani, M, Rastegarian, N, Zarei, S, and Mortazavi, S (2015) Increased Release of Mercury from Dental Amalgam Fillings due to Maternal Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields as a Possible Mechanism for the High Rates of Autism in the Offspring: Introducing a Hypothesis. Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering.


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Thank you!


The 5th congress of the Paris appeal - Exposure to electromagnetic fields, mercury release and...

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