The 3V Framework - World Bank · The 3V Framework (Serge Salat, Gerald Ollivier) Source: Urban...
Transcript of The 3V Framework - World Bank · The 3V Framework (Serge Salat, Gerald Ollivier) Source: Urban...
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The 3V Framework
Maximizing Economic Value of TOD Station Areas
Third TOD Knowledge Sharing Seminar Gerald Ollivier
TOD CoP Leader
Tokyo, May 17, 2016 The World Bank
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Transformational Opportunities
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Tokyo urban
form
Compact
polycentricity
connecting people
to people across
many scales
(including
HSR) along the
Yamanote loop
Source: Erik Fischer
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The Spiky Urban Economy of Global Cities
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London’s Jobs hierarchy exponent
minus 1, (minus 0.7 for population
like in systems of cities in economic
geography); one third of jobs, 1.5
million jobs, in 16 km2 in London
Source: Urban Morphology Institute.
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Subway networks converge towards a characteristic structure with a dense and interconnected core and with spokes
Source: QuantUrb, CASA
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Need for a Typology
• Identify development potential (scale, type, timing) based on market demand, social and environmental priorities
• Develop planning and implementation measures and prioritize limited public resources
• Communicate with private developers a vision for the city
Source: World Bank; Serge Salat and Gerald Ollivier, 3V Framework (2016)
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• Node Value based on its location in the network
• Place Value based on its urban qualities
• Market Value, based on its economic potential
The “3V Framework”
The 3V Framework (Serge Salat, Gerald Ollivier)
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Source: Urban Morphology Institute/World Bank 3V Framework
Application to Zhengzhou, China
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• Hub, Interchange, Single station
• Diversity of connectivity
• Node Accessibility/Centrality
• Intensity of node activity
Node Value (London Tube)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Mill
ion
pe
op
le /
ye
ar
Rank
Source: Urban Morphology Institute
0
50
100
150
200
250
1 2 3 4 5 6
Nu
mb
er
of
stat
ion
s
Number of lines per station
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• Mix of land uses
• Density of social infrastructure
• Compactness
• Physical form and street patterns
• Walkability and bikability
Place Value
Source: Urban Morphology Institute
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• Economic attractiveness for developers (job densities/accessibility; People density)
• Land and real estate opportunities (FAR/unbuilt land)
• Market prices and activity
• Land shortage at city level
Market Value
Source: World Bank; Serge Salat and Gerald Ollivier, 3V Framework (2016)
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Residential density (inhab/km² )
0 - 1000 1000 - 2000 2000 - 3000 3000 - 4000 4000 - 5000 5000 - 7500 7500 - 10000 10000 - 15000 15000 - 20000 20000 - 30000 30000 - 50000 More than 50000
Source: Urban Morphology Institute/World Bank 3V Framework Application to Zhengzhou, China.
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• Infill is mainly for dependent nodes in suburban neighborhoods with single transit lines and low value market. The strategy there is to:– Promote long term planning – Increase activity levels and transit service through increased densities– Plan and fund multimodal transportation system– Plan for maintaining equity in vulnerable or challenged communities
• Intensification is for emerging station areas in urban neighborhoods with interchanges and emerging markets. The strategy there is to: – Invest in catalytic TOD projects to prime and push the market– Promote development oriented planning– Evaluate and address missing multimodal connections and accessibility
Overall Strategies (1)
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• Transformation is the strategy to be applied in major hubs where creating a high level of place value through job concentration and good urban design with major investments in public spaces can create high peaks of land and real estate value.
– Invest in aggressive TOD projects to push the market– Significantly higher densities and lower parking ratios– Innovative building types and advancements in urban design & living,
employment uses and destination– Encourage affordable or work force housing – Foster increased transit service, capacity and amenities to support
intensity of uses
Overall Strategies (2)
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Node Value Place Value Market Value
• Increase number of hubs and number of lines/modes they connect to
• Interlink neighboringstations into clusters
• Increase accessibility within the network for all
• Increase compactness (proximity to existing urban activity and short travel time to main destinations)
• Increase diversity of uses
• Increase concentration of commercial, cultural and education amenities
• Design neighborhood that promote walking and biking
• Create vibrant public realm
• Increase residential density
• Increase job density
• Increase human density
• Increase diversity of land parcels to create a vibrant land market
• Allow for vertical separation of development rights
• Increase FARs
Levers to Create Value
Addressing Imbalances between those values
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Zhengzhou Key Conclusions
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Key Messages
• Apply TOD to shape a city
– Get commuters to and from work efficiently
– Cluster companies in accessible areas
• Opportunities by station vary widely
• Alignment opportunities can be readily observed
• Typology central to creating value
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Transit Oriented Development Community of Practice Website
now OPEN to External Members by Registration
https://collaboration.worldbank.org/groups/tod-cop
For more [email protected]
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1 Align Human/Economic Densities and Mass Transit Capacity and Network Characteristics for Greater Accessibility
2 Create Compact Regions with Short Commutes
3 Ensure Resilience of Areas Connected by Mass Transit
4 Plan and Zone for Mixed Use and Mixed Income Neighborhoods at Stations along Corridor
5 Create Vibrant, People-Centric Public Spaces
6 Develop Neighborhoods that Promote Walking and Biking
7 Develop Good Quality, Accessible and Integrated Public Transit
8 Manage Private Vehicle Demand8P
rin
cip
les
for
Incl
usi
ve
an
d R
esi
lie
nt
TOD