The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future...

29
The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with Eric Fielding (JPL), James Jackson (Cambridge), Barry Parsons & Richard Walker (Oxford), Morteza Talebian (Geological Survey of Iran)

TAGS:

Transcript of The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future...

Page 1: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future

Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with Eric Fielding (JPL), James Jackson (Cambridge), Barry Parsons & Richard Walker (Oxford), Morteza Talebian (Geological Survey of Iran)

Page 2: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.
Page 3: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

26th December 2003, Mw 6.6

Death toll 26,000

• 26th December 2003, 5.26 am local time

• Mw 6.6

• Official death toll 26,000 (some estimates 40,000+)

• Peak ground acceleration 0.97 g in city centre

• S-P time 1.9 s in city centre (i.e. 14 km from hypocentre)

Page 4: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

Tectonic setting

SRTM shaded-relief topography

Bam

Page 5: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

Tectonic setting

SRTM shaded-relief topography

Nayband fault

Gowk fault

Sabzevaran faultJebal Barez

mountains

Dasht-e Lut

Bam

Page 6: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

Tectonic setting

SRTM shaded-relief topography

Nayband fault

Gowk fault

Sabzevaran faultJebal Barez

mountains

Dasht-e Lut

2003, Mw 6.6

1989, Mw 5.8

1981, Mw 6.6

1998, Mw 6.61981, Mw 7.1

2005, Mw 6.3

Page 7: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

Tectonic setting

SRTM shaded-relief topography

Nayband fault

Gowk fault

Sabzevaran fault

Dasht-e Lut

NEIC

Jebal Barez

mountains

Page 8: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

Tectonic setting

SRTM shaded-relief topography

Nayband fault

Gowk fault

Sabzevaran fault

Dasht-e Lut

Jebal Barez

mountains

Page 9: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

The Bam fault

LANDSAT-7 ETM 541 false colour green=vegetation

Bam

10 km

Baravat

The Bam fault is a prominent ridge running between Bam and Baravat

Page 10: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

Walker & Jackson, 2002

Page 11: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

The Bam fault

Post-earthquake field surveys found only minor cracking at the foot of the ridge…

Bam

Baravat

Page 12: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

Preliminary InSAR data

Bam

10 km

Baravat

First Bam interferogram (each colour cycle=2.8cm of deformation)

Constructed from Envisat ASAR data released for free by ESA

There is a prominent band of incoherence running S of Bam

Page 13: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

The Bam earthquake main fault

Interferometric coherenceRed = highBlue = low

Constructed from Envisat ASAR data released for free by ESA

Bam

10 km

Baravat

Low coherence indicates vegetation and surface damage

Page 14: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

The Bam earthquake main fault

Surface rupture found in the field – right-lateral offsets of ~20 cm

Bam

10 km

Baravat

Page 15: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

The Bam earthquake main fault

Surface rupture found in the field – right-lateral offsets of ~20 cm

Bam

10 km

Baravat

Page 16: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

The Bam earthquake main fault

LANDSAT-7 ETM 541 false colour green=vegetation

Bam

10 km

Baravat

There are no surface features corresponding to this fault – we didn’t know it existed

Main fault is ~ 4km west of the mapped Bam fault

Page 17: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

Coseismic interferograms

There is an ‘extra’ amount of displacement in the SE quadrant

Ascending interferogram Descending interferogram

Page 18: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

Single fault model

Strike 354 dip 84 rake -177 slip 2.2m length 12km top 1.1km b’m 9.3km

Ascending model Descending modelFunning et al., 2005

Page 19: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

Single fault model

Large residuals, especially in SE quadrant (rms = 25 mm)

Ascending residual Descending residualFunning et al., 2005

Page 20: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

Two fault model (uniform slip)

A ‘teardrop’ feature is reproduced in the SE

Ascending model Descending modelFunning et al., 2005

Page 21: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

Two fault model (uniform slip)

Improved fit in SE quadrant (rms = 17 mm)

Ascending residual Descending residualFunning et al., 2005

Page 22: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

Two fault model (uniform slip)

LANDSAT-7 ETM 541 false colour green=vegetation

Secondary fault appears to be a southward continuation of the Bam fault

Page 23: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

P

SH

Jackson, Bouchon, Fielding, Funning et al., 2006

Page 24: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

P

SH

Jackson, Bouchon, Fielding, Funning et al., 2006

Page 25: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

two sources

one source

P SH

Jackson, Bouchon, Fielding, Funning et al., 2006

Page 26: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

Aftershock distribution

Seismogenic crust may extend ~10 km below the rupture

Jackson, Bouchon, Fielding, Funning et al., 2006

Page 27: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

Strong motions & directivity

Rupture velocity of 2.8 km/s ≈ Rayleigh wave velocity

Jackson, Bouchon, Fielding, Funning et al., 2006

Page 28: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

Deformation is continuing

Fault zone collapse and postseismic uplift resolved with InSAR

Eric Fielding

Jan 2004-Mar 2006

Page 29: The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake: what we knew, what we didn’t know and what we expect in the future Gareth Funning (University of California, Berkeley) with.

The Bam earthquake: findings

• The mainshock occurred on a blind fault; not the mapped fault

• Average slip was 2 m at 2–10 km

• The pattern of surface displacements suggests secondary oblique motion on a W-dipping fault

• Seismic data are consistent with 2 sub events

• Significant unruptured fault area may remain


What we want What we ask for What we getasq.org/asd/2013/03/the-value-of-workmanship-standards-what-we... · The Value of Workmanship Standards: What we want What we ask for What

What we want What we ask for What we getasq.org/asd/2013/03/the-value-of-workmanship-standards-what-we... · The Value of Workmanship Standards: What we want What we ask for What

What we have • What we want • What is promising

What we have • What we want • What is promising

What we want What we ask for What we get - NASA Value of Workmanship Standards: What we want What we ask for What we get Jeannette Plante NASA Workmanship Standards Program Manager

What we want What we ask for What we get - NASA Value of Workmanship Standards: What we want What we ask for What we get Jeannette Plante NASA Workmanship Standards Program Manager

We Are What We Eat And What We Build

We Are What We Eat And What We Build

What we wanted to know? Who we asked? What they said? What we recommend?

What we wanted to know? Who we asked? What they said? What we recommend?

Who we are, What we do, What we do for Ruser2015.math.aau.dk/presentations/sponsor-alteryx.pdfWho we are, What we do, What we do for R Dan Putler, Chief Scientist UseR! 2015 ... What

Who we are, What we do, What we do for Ruser2015.math.aau.dk/presentations/sponsor-alteryx.pdfWho we are, What we do, What we do for R Dan Putler, Chief Scientist UseR! 2015 ... What

Prime numbers: what we know, and what we know we thinkgerg/slides/StatenIsland-30Apr10.pdfPrime numbers: what we know, and what we know we thinkGreg Martin Introduction Single prime

Prime numbers: what we know, and what we know we thinkgerg/slides/StatenIsland-30Apr10.pdfPrime numbers: what we know, and what we know we thinkGreg Martin Introduction Single prime

We Joined! We Planned! We Implemented! What Worked Well! What We’d Change!

We Joined! We Planned! We Implemented! What Worked Well! What We’d Change!

Iceland: What we know and what we don’t

Iceland: What we know and what we don’t

What should we call what we do?

What should we call what we do?

DO WE MIMIC WHAT WE SEE OR WHAT WE KNOW? 1 Running Head: DO WE MIMIC WHAT WE … · 2019-01-23 · DO WE MIMIC WHAT WE SEE OR WHAT WE KNOW? 3 Abstract Facial mimicry—the imitation

DO WE MIMIC WHAT WE SEE OR WHAT WE KNOW? 1 Running Head: DO WE MIMIC WHAT WE … · 2019-01-23 · DO WE MIMIC WHAT WE SEE OR WHAT WE KNOW? 3 Abstract Facial mimicry—the imitation

The iPhone: What We Know, What We Don't Know

The iPhone: What We Know, What We Don't Know

What we are and what we do

What we are and what we do

Retained Objects: What we know, what we are learning

Retained Objects: What we know, what we are learning

WHAT WE KNOW WHAT WE DO HOW WE LEARN Academic Vocabulary.

WHAT WE KNOW WHAT WE DO HOW WE LEARN Academic Vocabulary.

What we are called Vs. What we are

What we are called Vs. What we are

We know what we like and we like what we know

We know what we like and we like what we know

What we want What we ask for What we get - NASA

What we want What we ask for What we get - NASA

We Are What We Collect, We Collect What We Are: Archives ... · THE AMERICAN AKCIIIVI5T We Are What We Collect, We Collect What We Are: Archives and the Construction of Identity Elisabeth

We Are What We Collect, We Collect What We Are: Archives ... · THE AMERICAN AKCIIIVI5T We Are What We Collect, We Collect What We Are: Archives and the Construction of Identity Elisabeth

What we learn and what we know will make what we become.

What we learn and what we know will make what we become.