The 2000 – 2010 era: Memory lane revisited · Thomas Kernen – Consulting Engineer The 2000 –...

Thomas Kernen – Consulting Engineer

The 2000 – 2010 era: Memory lane revisited

© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 2

Introduction

 All content in this presentation is provided based my own recollections of events

 Aided by research and input from various sources Google, Wikipedia, archive.org, zakon.org RIPE, NANOG, SwiNOG, APNIC, IETF Route-views, potaroo.net, thdn.net, CAIDA, Arbor Cisco, BAKCOM, Euro-IX, Swisscom, DANTE, Dr Peering And many more…

 Some data may be inaccurate or incomplete


Back to the year 2000

© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 4 Source: CAIDA

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 5 Source: archive.org

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 8 Source: thdn.net

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Max In: 1130.4 Mb/s Average In: 583.2 Mb/s Current In: 1130.4 Mb/s

Max Out: 1339.4 Mb/s Average Out: 606.0 Mb/s Current Out: 1232.6 Mb/s

GREEN ###Incoming Traffic in Bits per Second

BLUE ### Outgoing Traffic in Bits per Second

http://www.linx.net

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: LINX


10

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: Swisscom


11

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: Swisscom

© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 12 http://www.linx.net

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: archive.org

© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 13 http://www.linx.net

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: Sunrise


2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

  US timekeeper (USNO) and a few other time services around the world report the New Year as 19100 on 1 Jan

  First major DDoS: Yahoo (then Buy.com, eBay, CNN, Amazon.com, ZDNet.com, E*Trade, and Excite) DDoS Feb 7th 2000 (occurred during NANOG meeting)

  "The blue window", renamed and redesigned, becomes Bluewin AG.

  C&W buys Petrel and Agri.ch

  Carrier 1 (CONE) goes public

  Google's index reached 1 billion pages

  Sunrise buys diAx

  Sprint - MCI Worldcom merger is canceled

  Sprint and Deutsche Telekom sells to France Telecom their Global One shares

  eDonkey2000 client and server are released

The year in review


2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

  Cisco IOS 12.0S is the recommended SP software train of the era

  ICANN selects new TLDs: .aero, .biz, .coop, .info, .museum, .name, .pro

  DANTE’s TEN-155 upgraded to speeds of up to 622Mbps   Napster is the online music sharing platform   Livejournal is the blogging platform of the era   First mass production machines with GE ports (Apple

PowerMac G4 & Powerbook G4)   Star Trek Voyager is currently showing season 6   TIX average is 140Mbit/s and 25kpps, peak traffic was

435Mbit/s and 165kpps   CIXP informal measurements over the public infrastructure

show 100-200 Mb/sec at peak time

The year in review


2001: “dot bomb”


IPv4 prefixes

Source: potaroo.net

2001 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


  Linux kernel 2.4.0 is released   Swisscom introduces HSCSD (Possible to bundle up to

four channels, rate of up to 57.6 kbps, almost the speed of ISDN!)

  Kazaa and FastTrack protocol are released   PsiNet files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection   European Council finalises the international cybercrime

treaty   Code Red virus outbreak targeting IIS web servers   Fire in Baltimore, Maryland (Howard Street Tunnel)

Damage to Metromedia Fiber Network, WorldCom, PSINet (and others) fiber optic cables causing major Internet traffic issues

The year in review

2001 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


  .biz and .info are added to the root server   first traffic on GÉANT flows (2.5 Gbps and then 10 Gbps

links)   Swisscom BBCS is launched   Napster is shutdown   Nimda virus outbreak   BitTorrent is released   LimeWire client is released   Concert is split: US + Eastern Asia to AT&T, Europe to

BT   KPNQwest acquired EBONE (owned by GTS since ‘99)   Serious load on all networks on September 11th

The year in review

2001 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


2002: RIPE in Rhodes


2002 2000 2001 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


  Nextra Switzerland sold to T-Systems Multilink

  Carrier 1 (Luxembourg) files for bankruptcy

  Cogent acquires major US assets of PSINet

  Toppreise.ch is launched

  MMS is launched in Switzerland

  eMule client is released

  EBONE is shutdown following the KPNQwest bankruptcy

  WorldCom files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection

  Swisscom launches their PWLAN service

  Abilene/Internet 2 backbone deploys native IPv6

  SwiNOG launches the new (current) website ;-)

  Coordinated attack against all Root DNS servers

  Suprnova.org torrent indexing site goes live

  10GE: IEEE Std 802.3ae-2002 (fiber)

  Level 3 agrees to acquire Genuity (ex-BBN)

  Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones

The year in review

2002 2000 2001 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


2003: Worms & co


The year in review

2003 2000 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

  Public Interest Registry (PIR) takes over as .org registry operator. VeriSign retains control over .com domains

  The first official Swiss online election takes place in Anières/GE   SQL Slammer worm launched: Caused major DDoS. Took down

5 of the 13 DNS root servers.

  isoHunt torrent index is founded   Google buys Pyra Labs (Blogger.com)   Pilot IPv6 services on GÉANT started   RFC 3514: The Security Flag in the IPv4 Header - Includes the

Evil bit. A patch for FreeBSD 7 is available.   T-Systems Multilink is sold to B.Com (SOLPA)   The French Ministry of Culture bans the use of the word "e-mail"

by government ministries adopts the use of "courriel”   Blaster computer worm is launched


The year in review

2003 2000 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

  Sobig.F computer worm launched. Generates record volumes of email

  Geneva launches FTTH trial   The Pirate Bay BitTorrent tracker is founded   CERN and Caltech join forces to smash Internet speed

record 5.44 gigabits per second in a single session over a 10 Gbps link

  Swisscom sets up Eurospot for pan European PWLAN service

  Linux kernel 2.6.0 is released   Bluewin registers 200,000 ADSL customers and leads

the broadband market


The Matrix Reloaded and Revolution were released

2003 2000 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


2004: Web 2.0 launch


The year in review

2004 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

  The original ShareReactor is shutdown by Swiss police

  Facebook is launched. Has 1 million actives users by year end

  Flickr is launched

  Cisco IOS XR is released (with CRS-1 launch)

  Launch by RIPE NCC of anycast root servers (k-root). First time more instances of DNS root servers outside the US

  Many torrent indexing sites are shutdown (including Suprnova)

  Swisscom launches UMTS


2005: mid-point


2005 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


IPv4 routing table

Source: potaroo.net

2005 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


IPv6 routing table

Source: potaroo.net

2005 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


The year in review

2005 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

  SBC Communications agrees to acquire AT&T Corp

  .se becomes the first ccTLD to implement DNSSEC

  Verizon buys MCI (Worldcom)

  YouTube is founded in Febuary and has 8 million views a day by December

  Yahoo! acquires Flickr

  Swisscom launches PWLAN services in trains

  DVB-H first trial (with Swisscom Broadcast)

  SOLPA sold to Cablecom

  Initial trial of BBC iPlayer is launched

  .eu (European Union) ccTLD launches on Dec 7th

  eDonkey2000 is shutdown

  DANTE’s GEANT2 launches

  Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith


2006: World Cup


The year in review

2006 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010

  RazorBack 2 (server on eDonkey network) is shutdown

  HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) is introduced

  Unbundling is approved by Swiss government

  Twitter is launched

  Slideshare is launched

  BluwinTV is launched

  Zattoo is launched

  First European Peering Forum

  YouTube has 1000 million views a day

  Copper based 10 GE is available

  Cisco IOS 12.2S goes end of sale


2007: YouTube


The year in review

2007 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010

  Population of the City of Zurich vote to build an FTTH network

  Cyber attacks are launched against Estonia   WiMax trials by Swisscom

  Original iPhone is launched in the US   VDSL available on Swisscom BBCS

  Level 3 acquires SAVVIS (content distribution network)   Facebook reaches 20 and then 50 million active users

  Official launch of BBC iPlayer   YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire

Internet in 2000


2008: Mobile data


YouTube prefix hijacking

Source: ripe.net

2008 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2009 2010


The year in review

2008 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2009 2010

  IPv6 hour starts at NANOG/RIPE/IETF/APNIC. IPv6 education is going mainstream in SP community

  NASA tests the first deep space communications network modeled on the Internet, using the Disruption-Tolerant Networking (DTN) software to transmit images to/from a science spacecraft ~20 million miles above Earth

  Analogue Switch off is completed. Terrestrial TV services are digital only in Switzerland

  IPv6 addresses are added for the first time to 6 of the root zone servers

  Google's crawler reaches 1 trillion pages, although only a fraction are indexed by the search engine

  Google services are accessible over IPv6

  DVB-H network launched (for the Euro 2008)

  iPhone officially launched in Switzerland

  Facebook reaches over 100 million active users

  Swisscom upgraded to HSPA


2009: King of Pop dies


Michael Jackson’s funeral: over 2Tbits/s

Source: Akamai

2009 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2010


IPv6 routing table

Source: space.net

2009 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2010


The year in review

2009 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2010

  A wave of FTTH partnerships are announced in Switzerland

  Foursquare is launched (Geosocial Networking)

  RFC 5514: IPv6 over Social Networks - Implemented as a Facebook application

  Netflix provides streaming over IPv6 (via Limelight networks)

  Swisscom introduced HSPA+ (HSPA Evolution) for ITU World Telecom

  Geocities is shutdown. Was hosting 38 million pages

  YouTube has 1 billion views a day

  Cisco IOS 15.0M is released

  DNSSEC becomes operational on .gov, .org, .us

  Google launches Public DNS service: 8.8.8.8 & 8.8.4.4

  Swisscom returns its Wimax license to BAKOM


2010: intense activity?


2010 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000


2010 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000

IPv4 BGP prefix count

Source: portaroo.net


2010 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000

IPv6 BGP prefix count

Source: potaroo.net


Evolution of transit pricing

Source: drpeering.net

2010 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000


Internet Exchanges traffic volumes 2002 - 2010

Source: Euro-IX

  AIX Athens 46 Mbps (15 ASNs) - 13 Gbps (15 ASNs)

  AMS-IX Amsterdam 7.5 Gbps (144 ASNs) - 923 Gbps (344 ASNs)

  BIX Budapest 2 Gbps (50 ASNs) - 142 Gbps (49 ASNs)

  BNIX Brussels 800 Mbps (44 ASNs) - 26 Gbps (50 ASNs)

  CATNIX Barcelona 75 Mbps (15 ASNs) - 1.4 Gbps (22 ASNs)

  CIXP Geneva 137 Mbps (36 ASNs) - 1.32 Gbps (36 ASNs)

  DE-CIX Frankfurt 5.6 Gbps (91 ASNs) - 1 Tbps (340 ASNs)

  LINX London 12.75 Gbps (129 ASNs) - 600 Gbps (350 ASNs)

  MIX Milan 1.25 Gbps (61 ASNs) - 56 Gbps (83 ASNs)

  VIX Vienna 1.2 Gbps (70 ASNs) - 27 Gbps (104 ASNs)

Total: July 2002 was 35 Gbps, in April 2010 3.8 Tbps

2010 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000


The year in review   Cisco IOS 12.0S end of sale (end of support 2012 - released in 1999)

  More FTTH partnerships announced

  Swisscom ends DVB-H service

  Swisscom launches LTE trials

  YouTube services available over IPv6

  For April Fool's 2010, Google added an &evil=true parameter to requests through the Ajax APIs. (RFC 3514)

  YouTube has 2 billion views a day

  Foursquare has 1 million users

  Facebook reaches over 400 million active users

  Botnet tool uses Twitter as C&C hub

  Linux kernel 2.6.34 is released (as of writing)

  100GE still in draft (as of writing)

2010 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000


1.0.0.0/8 allocated to APNIC. Sink testing from Merit

Source: MERIT

2010 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000


PSTN minutes vs. mobile phones in Switzerland

Source: BAKOM

2010 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000

0

5000000

10000000

15000000

20000000

25000000

2000

20

01

2002

20

03

2004

20

05

2006

20

07

2008

20

09

PSTN thousands of minutes Mobile phone lines


Internet Access lines in Switzerland

Source: BAKOM

2010 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

PSTN/ISDN Cable DSL Fibre

The 2000 – 2010 era: Memory lane revisited · Thomas Kernen – Consulting Engineer The 2000 –...

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