The 1905 Revolution H1jBY7EVE.
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Transcript of The 1905 Revolution H1jBY7EVE.
The 1905 RevolutionThe 1905 Revolution
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v-H1jBY7EVE
War with JapanWar with Japan
• In 1904 Russia went to war with Japan
• Tsar Nicholas thought victory would be quick
Tsar Nicholas was very
unpopular
However the Russian army kept being defeated
Life for the working people got worse as the food supplies to cities broke down and factories ran out of raw materials
Bloody SundayBloody Sunday
When?When? Sunday 22nd January 1905Who?Who? Hundreds of Petrograd (St
Petersburg) workers in their best clothes take part in a peaceful march led by Father Gapon
What?What? March to Tsar’s palace led by priests to present him with a petition which demanded 8 hour days, a minimum wage, a parliament, equality, freedom of press/religion/assembly. When they reached the palace troops opened fire, 96 died 333 wounded (approx)
ImpactImpact = Convinced the people that Tsar no longer “Dear Father”, produced strikes and mutiny which led to 1905 Revolution
From Inside Russia
From outside Russia
Bloody Sunday
Working conditions in factories
Government reaction to protests
No reforms
Rising tax to pay for war with Japan
No freedom or rights
Ideas of Marx
Military failure in war with Japan
Western ideas of democracy from Europe
The The Revolution Revolution
of 1905of 1905
MutinyMutiny• June 1905 the crew of the battleship
Potemkin threw their officers overboard and took control of the ship
• This showed that Tsar Nicholas could not trust or control his military
Mutiny = rebellion against commanding officers
The Peasants Rebel and the The Peasants Rebel and the Workers Strike!Workers Strike!
• In many areas of the country the peasants rebelled
• Landlords were murdered and farms burned
• In September a general strike began with factories, offices, shops and railways closing across Russia
SovietsSoviets
• To help run the strikes smoothly and keep order, councils called Soviets were established
• They soon became an alternative form of government which had the support of the people
October ManifestoOctober Manifesto
• Nicholas had to do something...• In October 1905 he issues the October
Manifesto • This agreed to and elected parliament
called a Duma to help run the country• It also gave basic rights of free speech
and freedom to form political parties• The Liberals were happy, but others did
not trust Nicholas to keep his word
• By December Nicholas had changed his mind and members of the St Petersburg Soviet were arrested
• Fighting broke out across Russia and many died
• Bands of thugs called the “Black Hundreds” massacred the revolutionaries
• By March 1906 the revolution was over• Elections for the Duma were held in March • When they met for the first time Nicholas
issued a set of Fundamental Laws:“1. To the Emperor of all the Russias belongs
supreme autocratic power”
SummarSummaryy
• Began with mutiny of sailors• Peasants rebel in the country• General strike across Russia of all workers• Soviets established to run cities and keep
order• October Manifesto promises elected
parliament and basic rights• By December Nicholas changed mind • By March revolution over after many deaths• Fundamental Laws show that nothing has
changed – Tsar still autocrat
QuestionsQuestions
1. Why did the war with Japan make the Tsar unpopular?
2. Do you think the decision to open fire on protestors during Bloody Sunday a sensible one?
3. Describe the events of the 1905 Revolution
4. What did the October Manifesto promise?
5. How successful was the 1905 Revolution?