ThanWinHlaing - U Issariya - Special Edition

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Transcript of ThanWinHlaing - U Issariya - Special Edition

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    yxrtBudrf 2013 azazmf0g&Dvtkyfa& 1000rsufESmzHk;'DZdkif; oD[armifarmifuGefysLwmpmpD pma&;oltm;qufoG,f&eftDar;vfESifh zkef;eHygwf [email protected]

    ph: 0897033128

    The Best Friend Library

    [email protected]

    tel: 084 594 7752

    jrefrmjynfzkef; - 094 975 9740web: www.thebestfriend.org

    www.king-zero.com

    Facebook: Minthu Nya

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    aqmufNrdKUwGif rdwfaqGaumif;pmMunfhwdkuftjzpf jyefvnfzGifhvSpfEdkifcJhonf/ xdkYtwl The Best Friend School ESifh csif;rdkifNrdKUESifh EdkYbdk;'kuonfpcef;wGif pmMunfhwdkufcGJrsm;udkvnf; qufvufzGifhvSpfcJhonf/ ,aeYwdkifarQmfvifhcsufa&mifjcnfrsm; ay;aeqJjzpfonf/ EdkifiHa&;tajymif;tvJtcsdKU &SdvmonfhtwGuf rdrdwdkY &nfrSef;csuftwdkif; jynfwGif;ae&mtcsdKUwGif

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