THÁI NGUYÊN UNIVERSITY

COLLEDGE OF EDUCATION

By: Dr. Hồng Nguyễn Thị

Faculty of Geography

Thái Nguyên, July, 2011

Subject

Vietnamese demography

71995.5

74306.9

76596.778621

80468.482393.5

84221.186024.6

60000

65000

70000

75000

80000

85000

90000

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Năm

Size of population, 1995 - 2009

1/4/2009, total number of population: 85.846.997 people

I. Structure of Viet Nam population

1.1. Size of populationT

hous

and

peop

le

year

1.1. Size of population

-13rd Crowded population with 58th area in the world

- High rate of Population growth

- Large size of population causes these pressures:

+ Standard of living

+ Environment Resources

+ Economic development

Total Fertility Rate, Total Death Rate, Rate of Urbanization, HDI

2.33

2.28

2.12

2.23

2.28

2.25

2.03

2.08

2.112.09

2.07

1.85

1.9

1.95

2

2.05

2.1

2.15

2.2

2.25

2.3

2.35

2.4

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Năm điều tra

TF

R (

con

/ph

ụ n

ữ)

Total Fertility Rate (TFR), 1999 - 2009

Years of survey

TF

R (

chil

dren

/ fe

mal

e)

1.2.1. Age1.2.1. AgeYoung population, large children proportion - large Young population, large children proportion - large dependent proportion: 46.3%dependent proportion: 46.3% Higher percentage of working-age population (66.1%). Higher percentage of working-age population (66.1%).+ The potential advantage of labor resources+ The potential advantage of labor resources+ pressure in career and education problems+ pressure in career and education problems

Population structurePopulation structure by age, 2009 (unit: %)

25

66.1

8.9

Từ 0 - 14 tuổi Từ 15 - 59 tuổi Trên 60 tuổi15 - 59

0 – 14Over 60

1.2. Vietnamese Population structure1.2. Vietnamese Population structure

Percentage of people living in rural areas is much larger than that of urban areas

Urban areas: 25.436.896 people : 29.6%

Rural areas: 60.410.101 people : 70.4%

1.2.2. Urban and rural areas

1.2.3. Economic components

Concentrated in economic groups of agriculture – forestry – fishery(A-F-F), service.The lowest concentrated groups are industry and construction (I&C)

The population structure by labor,2009 (unit:%)

A-F-Fservice

I&C

1.2.4. Population distribution, population density

- Density:

+ Vietnam: 259 people / km2

+ World: 46 people / km2

+ Average of Southeast Asia: 119 people / km2

+ Despite the world's most populous country, China has population density of 136 people / km2 .-Uneven distribution population

+ Mountainous provinces: 41 people / km2,

+ Red River Delta : over 1000 people / km2,+ Hanoi Capital City: 1,926 people / km2

+ Ho Chi Minh City: 3,399 people / km2

- Vietnam has 54 different ethnic minority groupsThey are arranged by language groups as following:• Southeast Asia• Austronesia • Sino-Tibetan

1.3.1. Ethnic components

1.3. Ethnic structure

* Ethnic structure

- The Kinh people (or Viets) account for nearly (85,7%) of Vietnam's total population: 73,594 million. the others: 12,253 million (14,3%). - Major ethnic minority groups include the Tay, Thai, Muong, H'Mong, Dao and Khmer.

Tay (1.629. Thai (1.550.423) Muong (1.268.963) Khmer (1.260.640) H’Mong (1.068.189) Hoa (823.071)Nung (968.800) Dao  (751.067)Giarai (411.275) Ede  (331.194)Brau, Odu and R’Mam groups have approximately hundreds people.

- Vietnamese ethnicities are distributed in the whole country. Although they are scattered and interleaved, most of minority groups live in mountainous and remote areas in the North, Central Highlands and MeKong Delta.

- Unique and impressive customs and cultures are the remarkable features of ethnic groups

1.3.2. A common feature of the Vietnamese community

- Of the 54 ethnic groups, some are born and developed from the beginning of Vietnam, some are migrators.

- The ethnic minorities reside mainly in the mountains, where have important positions in economy, politic, security, defence and ecological environments.

- The levels of social – economic developments are unequal.- Vietnamese culture is the culture of unity in diversity, every ethnicity has its own values cultural nuances.

2. Belief and Religion2.1. Population structure arranged by Religion

- There are quite many different religions in Vietnam- Population rate arranged by religion in 2009:- Mahayana Buddhism: 83% (Taoism, Confucianism, including ancestor worship)- Theravada Buddhism :2%- Christian:  8%- Roman Catholic: 7% (neally 6 million people)- Protestant: 1% (more than 800 thousand people)- Muslim:  0,08% (nearly 70 thousand people)- Cao Đaiism: 3% (more than 2.5 million people)- HoaHaoism:  1.6% (nearly 1.3 million followers)

- Everyone has freedom of religion and belief

- Though 80% of Vietnamese people have no religion, they worship their ancestors.

- Traditional food beliefs, religious cult of nature and people. (come from the need of growing and developing of creatures)

2.2. Features of belief and religion in Vietnam

Notre-Dame Cathedral in HCMC

* Religious origins in Vietnam:

- Oriental Religions include: Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism- Western Religions include: Catholic, Protestant,- Middle East Religion include: Islam, Balamon (India)

- Vietnamese Religions: Cao Dai, Hoa Hao, Buddhism.

Phat Diem church – Ninh Binh provinceCathedral in Hanoi

Xuan loc mosque

(Đong Nai-province)

Moslem

Cao Đai mosque

(Tay Ninh province)

Ancestor’s Death aniversary of Vietnamese people (Hung Temple festival on march 10th lunal)

Hung templeHung temple(Vinh Phuc province)(Vinh Phuc province)

Ancestor Temple

In the cult of human belief, Ancestor worship almost becomes the most common religion of Vietnamese people

Pagoda

Pagoda

3. Culture and Life style of Vietnamese3.1.Comunity organizations

The basic unit of Vietnamese people group is village. A village is a relatively closed organization. Communal house in a village is the place of village’s tutelary god worship, meetings and holding esential festivals

Communal house in village

Làng quê Việt Nam

Viet Nam villages - Country sides

Country side in mountainous areasCountry side in mountainous areas

House on stilts of ethnic minority groups

Terraced fields

Viet Nam Urban

Hoi An Old town

Buffalo Fighting Festival

Cham dance

3.2.Cultural Festivals in Viet Nam

Gong festival

Lunar new year

Ha Noi Pho

Fermented pork roll

3.3. Vietnamese cuisine

Spring roll

Dried bamboo shoots stew with pork

Vietnam cuisine is mainly based on rice, meat, soya sauce and fish sauce and many other herbs. Its characteristic flavor is sour, salty, sweet, spicy, and so on

Green rice flake cake

Yellow - coloured wedding pastry

- Diversified costumes. - Female costumes indicate the discreet charm and

gracefulness - Every ethnic group has specific costumes themselves

3.4. Vietnamese costumes

Four panel traditional dress

Traditional long dress

Hat

Tay ethnic minority

Nung ethnic minority

Thai ethnic minority

H’Mong ethnic minority

ConclusionConclusion- With large population, Vietnam has benefit of young With large population, Vietnam has benefit of young

population with abundant human resources.population with abundant human resources.- Most people live in rural areas and work on agriculture, Most people live in rural areas and work on agriculture,

forestry and fisheries fieldsforestry and fisheries fields- There are many ethnic groups with ancient, quite There are many ethnic groups with ancient, quite

unique, diversified and plentiful cultures in VietNamunique, diversified and plentiful cultures in VietNam- Although there are many different religions, most Although there are many different religions, most

people are not religious ones. people are not religious ones. - Asian lifestyle is the feature of  Vietnamese with strong Asian lifestyle is the feature of  Vietnamese with strong

cultural traditions and national identity cultural traditions and national identity