Textile Chemistry
-
Upload
esin-yegin -
Category
Engineering
-
view
338 -
download
1
Transcript of Textile Chemistry
TEXTILE CHEMISTRY
TERM PROJECT
FORBIDDEN
DYESTUFFS
WHY SOME TEXTILE
DYESTUFFS ARE FORBIDDEN?
ENVIRONMENTALREASONS
HEALTHREASONS
SOME EXAMPLES FOR
FORBIDDEN DYESTUFFS
• Chlorobenzenes
• Short-chainchlorinated paraffins
• Heavy metals: cadmium, lead, mercury andchromium
• Azo dyes
• Alkylphenols
• Phthalates
• Brominated andchlorinated flameretardants
• Perfluorinatedchemicals
• Organotincompounds
ALKYLPHENOLS
• toxic to aquatic life
• persist in theenvironment
• accumulate in body tissue and biomagnify
• include
nonylphenols (NPs)
and octylphenols
• in cleaning and
dyeing processes
PHTHALATES
• reprotoxic in mammals
• interfere withdevelopment of thetestes in early life
• artificial leather, rubber and PVC andin some dyes
• high toxicity
BROMINATED AND
CHLORINATED FLAME
RETARDANTS
• used for fireproof(flame retardent)
• effects on thehormonesystems
• persistent andbioaccumulativechemicals in environment
PERFLUORINATED
CHEMICALS
• make textileand leatherproducts bothwater andstain-proof
• persist in theenvironment
• can accumulate in body tissueandbiomagnify
• affect the liver
• changing therates of hormones
ORGANOTIN
COMPOUNDS
• used in productssuch as socks, shoes and sportclothes toprevent smell
• persists in theenvironment
• affect immuneand reproductivesystems
CHLOROBENZENES
• contain Hexachlorobenzene(HCB)
• solvents and biocides, in the manufacture of dyes
• affect the liver, thyroid andcentral nervous system
• hormone disruptor
SHORT-CHAIN
CHLORINATED
PARAFFINS
• flame retardants and
finishing agents for
leather and textiles
• highly toxic
• accumulate in
living organisms
HEAVY METALS: CADMIUM, LEAD,
MERCURY AND CHROMIUM
• certain dyes andpigments
• highly toxic even at low concentrations
• certain textileprocesses and leathertanning
• accumulate in thebody over time
• damage to thenervous system
• kidneys
• to cause cancer
AZO DYES
• one of the main types of dyes
• contain aromaticamines
• some azo pigmentsfounded to be toxic
• cause cancer
• mutagenic
MANUFACTURE OF AZO DYESTUFF
Azo dyestuffs are manufactured by a so
called diazotization process.
MANUFACTURE OF AZO DYESTUFF
MANUFACTURE OF AZO DYESTUFF
DETECTION OF BANNED AZO
DYESTUFF IN TEXTILES
• The detection of banned azocolourant;
cellulose ,such as cotton,
protein fibres, viscose, wool and silk.
synthetic fibres (polyester and polyacrylate)
• using an organic solvent.
TWO DIFFERENT METHODS IS APPLIED
TO DETECTION OF DYESTUFF.
• Method B 82.02-2
• Made of cellulose and proteinbasedfibers (cotton, viscose, wool, silk)
• Method B 82.02-4
• Made of synthetic fibres (polyesters and polyacrylate)
THAT FOUR AROMATIC AMINES HAVE A
CARCINOGENIC EFFECT IN HUMANS
o benzidine
o 2-naphthylamine
o 4-aminodiphenyl
o 4-chloro-o-toluidine
WHICH PRODUCTS DO NEED TO BE
TEST FOR AZO DYES:
• Clothing, bedding, towel, hairpiece, cap, diaper and other textiles
• Shoe, glove, watch guard, reticule, various purse, brief case, chair cover
• Toys of clothing with textile or leather, synthetic dyes, organic dyes
THE FORBIDDEN DYESTUFFS IN
TURKEY
Non-toxic and environmentally friendly consumer goods
Turkey has an important place in textiles
Opportunity for the dye and chemical producers
LAWS
OEKO-TEX®
Confidence in Textiles