Textbook Durability: Understanding and Applying MSST (NASTA) Specifications Book Manufacturers’...

Textbook Durability: Understanding and Applying MSST (NASTA) Specifications

Book Manufacturers’ Institute – BMI Educational Workshop

Presenters:Bruce Smith – BMI Executive [email protected]

Steve Figi – BMI Manufacturing & Standards Committee [email protected]

Robert “Woody” Duncan – ACTS Technical [email protected]

NASTA MeetingBiloxi, Mississippi

July 25, 2005

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What is Our Joint Mission?

K-12 Education Business$350 Billion53 Million Students$6,500 per Student$6,448 per student for teachers, facilities, transportation, etc. = 99.2%$52 per student for instructional materials = .8% Less than a Penny!6 years of use, sometimes 7+years

VALUE OF A TEXTBOOK

Supporting Literacy Development by Manufacturing Durable Instructional Materials

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Textbook Durability: Understanding and Applying MSST (NASTA) Specifications, Form B and more…

1. Brief History of MSST: NASTA Specifications Development2. Form B: Book Classification, Specs, and Warranty3. Which instructional materials must meet MSST?4. Classifications: How to classify – Quick Reference Guides5. MSST Binding Specifications for Hard-Cover Books:

McCain, Smyth, Adhesive Binding6. Cover Materials: MSST Specifications7. MSST Specification Exercise for NASTA Directors8. “Interpretations” and new materials 9. Q&A

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“NASTA Specs” - MSST History

NASTA – National Association of State Textbook Administrators

AAP – Association of American Publishers

BMI – Book Manufacturers’ Institute

ACTS – Advisory Commission on Textbook Specifications

MSST – Manufacturing Standards and Specifications for Textbooks

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ACTS TimelineACTS Timeline

Colonel E.W. Palmer, Kingsport Press, worked with publishers and state textbook directors to encourage a trend toward specification uniformity.

1930’s 1939

Texas Textbook Directors meeting to propose specifications. First printed specifications approved by BMI, under guidance of Colonel Palmer, president.

Set of official minimum MSST prepared and issued. Approved by State Textbook Directors of 10 states, MSST was off to it’s official start!

1940’s

Revisions accepted by all states in National State Textbook Directors Association.

1953 1957

Plan for semi-annual meetings on Manufacturing Standards and Specifications attended by NASTA, BMI and American Textbook Publishers Institute.

NASTA and AAP formed.

Present ACTS program founded.

Uniform Specification Development PhaseUniform Specification Development Phase

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•U.S. testing started Verification of assumptions made in accepting Texas specifications•Utilizing controllable laboratory and in-classroom testing•Grades 1-8Classes A-F•Grades 9-12Classes I & II

1957 1965

•Temporary specification proposed for non woven materials•Supplemental adoptions introduced

1969

•U.S. Testing Co. book and material testing completed after 12 years of testing•Reinforcement of first and last signatures of books, paper glare and board density

1971

•17 paper mills agreed on machine-coated specifications•Non-consumable soft cover books proposed•In classroom test started in 4 states

•Type II temporary specs were adopted

1973 1975

•Adhesive binding of non consumable softcover books accepted as temporary supplemental specs

Specification Verification Phase – Specification Verification Phase – Inclusion of Type II and Soft Cover AA, BB, CCInclusion of Type II and Soft Cover AA, BB, CC

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1976 1977 1980 1984 1990’s 2005

•Permanent specs approved

•New hard-bound adhesive specs introduced and approved as temporary supplemental adoption•New field test to affirm specs recommended

•Refinements in the non consumable soft cover specs made permanent•AA-BB-CC

•New field test for adhesive bound books

(5/8” back margin)

•Adhesive binding accepted as permanent spec for several elementary disciplines•All class II secondary level textbooks (max of 1 ½” bulk)•40 lbs text paper

•Size & weight of textbooks•Form B simplification•New materials

Refinement Phase – Refinement Phase – Inclusion of Adhesive Bound Hard-CoverInclusion of Adhesive Bound Hard-Cover

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Pertinent Observations

1. Communicate well – NASTA, AAP, BMI

2. Durable books

3. Standardized MSST specifications

4. New technological developments

5. Mutual trust

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Form B - Warranty (page 5-6)

Classifications

Paper

Printing

Binding

Covers

Special Features

Official Sample Conforms: Texts Supplied Will Conform

Official Sample Does Not Conform: Texts Supplied Will Conform

Official Sample Conforms Except for Stated Deviations: Texts Supplied Will Conform Except for Stated Deviations

Official Sample Does Not Conform: Texts Supplied Will Not Conform

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Five Minute Education

• Consumable Textbook – a self-contained book intended to be written in and completely consumed and which does not depend on any other textbook or material

• Teacher’s Edition – A teachers edition of a textbook that is designated as a textbook but need not meet any requirements of Manufacturing Standards and Specifications for Textbooks

• Textbook – printed instructional material in bound form, the content of which is properly organized and intended for use in elementary or high school curricula

• Workbook – an auxiliary book used in connection with a pupil’s textbook

Which Products Must Meet MSST Specifications? Definitions (page 8)

Definition Designation Specs Class

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Five Minute Education cont’d

(Page 9 – MSST)

1 Definition 2 Designation 3 Specs 4 Class

2

3

4

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Hard-Cover Textbook – Classes A, B, C, D, E (Grades 1-8)Classes A, B, C, D, E (Grades 1-8)– Hard-Cover Bound Classes I, II (Grades 9-12)Classes I, II (Grades 9-12)

Must MeetMSST Specs

2

3

4

1


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Non-Consumable - Classes AA, BB, CCClasses AA, BB, CCSoft Cover Texts

Must MeetMSST Specs


1

2

3

4

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Consumable Soft-Cover Texts– Softcover– Usually Perforated Pages

NotRequired

to Meet theMSST Specs


1

2

3

4

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Workbook– Paper Covered– Auxiliary– Usually Perforated

Not Required

to Meet the MSST Specs


1

2

3

4

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Teacher’s Edition– Spiral Bound– Hard-Cover– Loose Leaf Binders

Not Required

to Meet theMSST Specs


1

4

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Other Products Not Required to Meet MSST Specifications

Instructional Kits

Card Sets

Big Books/Lap Books

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Classification = Grade Level, Bulk, and Trim Size Definition Designation Specs Class

Grade 5

Bulk = ½” (exclusive of cover)

Trim: 8 ½ x 11 = 93.5 sq. in.

Class E1

Grade 9

Bulk = 1” (exclusive of cover)

Trim: 8 x 10

Class II

Class of Textbook (see pg. 20, 21, 30, 32)

MSST Pg 21

Hard-Cover Textbook

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MSST: Quick Reference Guide Hard-Cover Textbook – Class A,B,C,D,E1,E2, I, II

Example:Grade 5Bulk = ½” exclusive of coverTrim: 8 ½ x 11 = 93.5 sq. in.Class E1

Printing - Margins:Page 10Back ¾” from stitchHead 3/8”Front ½”Foot 5/8”

Printing - Uniform State Label:Page 11Inside front cover

Paper - Basis Weight: Pages 12-1445# Minimum

Cover Board:Pages 23-24.088 Minimum

Binding Method:Pages 16-22Side thread stitched(If Adhesive Binding is allowed: Page 30-31)

Cover Wrap:Page 29Type II

Note: 1/16” normal variation

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Classification = Bulk and Trim Size Definition Designation Specs Class

Grade 1

Bulk = 1/8”

Trim: 7 x 9 = 63 sq. in.

Class AA

Grade 8

Bulk = ¾”

Trim: 8 ½ x 11

Class CC

Class of Textbook (see pg. 32)

MSST Pg 32

Soft-Cover Textbook

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MSST: Quick Reference Guide Soft-Cover Textbook – Class AA, BB, CC

Example:Grade 1Bulk = 1/8” exclusive of coverTrim: 8 x 10 = 80 sq. in.Class AA

Printing - Margins:Page 32Back 5/8” from foldHead 3/8”Front ½”Foot 5/8”

Printing - Uniform State Label:Page 11Inside front cover

Paper - Basis Weight: Pages 33-3450# Minimum

Binding Method:Pages 35-36SaddlewireThree Stitches if >9-1/4” Folder Paste center section, if parallel grain(Sidewire, Side Sewn, Smyth and Side Stitchalso allowed for AA)

Cover Material:Pages 37-3810-12 Pt NASTA

Note: 1/16” normal variation

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1. MSST Binding Specifications for Casebound Books

McCain, Smyth, Adhesive Case

2. Common Tests used on materials, coatings, bindings

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Cover Materials: Creation of the Specification Grades

• In 1960 the American Library Association commissioned a study to give librarians a broader and more modern selection of bookbindings for library use.

• Nearly 2,000 discarded books were inspected and areas of damage were documented. The major causes of damage were impact and abrasion.

• In 1962 the Universal Book Tester (UBT) was developed to simulate the wear of books in a controlled environment.

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UBT Tester• One hour in the UBT is

considered LIGHT usage.

• Two hours in the UBT is considered MEDIUM usage.

• Three hours in the UBT is considered HEAVY usage.

Textbooks are tested using the three hour test.

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UBT Results

• Comparison – 100 pound C1S (Pink)

One Hour Test

vs.

– Type II Laminated (Blue)

– Type II Lacquered (Orange)

Three Hour Test

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Type II & Type III Test Requirements

• Breaking Strength

• Elongation

• Tear Resistance

• Abrasion

• Folding Endurance

Standards for the following properties have been set, and are tested prior to printing and finishing.

Durability is a combination of all the properties above. Meeting most of the above specifications will often not produce a durable book.

• Internal Bond• Blocking• Stability to Light• Water Spotting Resistance

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MSST Specification ExerciseBook Specifications:Hard-Cover TextbookGrade Level 11Trim Size 8-1/2 x 11Pages 800Paper Bulk 770 PPIClass ______________

Margins:__________________________________________________

Paper Basis Weight:___________

Cover Board and Case wrap type:____________________________

Binding:_____________________

Book Specifications:Hard-Cover TextbookGrade Level 1Trim Size 8-1/2 x 11Pages 192Paper Bulk 700 PPIClass ______________

Margins:___________________________________________________

Paper Basis Weight:____________

Binding:______________________

Cover Board and Case wrap type:_________________________________

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MSST Specification ExerciseBook Specifications:Hard-Cover TextbookGrade Level 11Trim Size 8-1/2 x 11Pages 800Paper Bulk 770 PPIClass II (Grade 9-12)

Margins:__________________________________________________

Paper Basis Weight:___________

Cover Board and Case wrap type:____________________________

Binding:_____________________

Book Specifications:Hard-Cover TextbookGrade Level 1Trim Size 8-1/2 x 11Pages 192Paper Bulk 700 PPIClass E (Grade 1-8)

Margins:___________________________________________________

Paper Basis Weight:____________

Binding:______________________

Cover Board and Case wrap type:_________________________________

Dependent upon binding style, see page 10

40# or 45#

Side Stitch, Smyth, Adhesive

.098 Type II

3/4” Back, 3/8” Head,

1/2” Front, 5/8” Foot

50#

Side Stitch

.088 Type II

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Need Interpretations?Robert (Woody) Duncan

Technical Director

P.O. Box 1993

627 North Dawson Street

Thomasville, GA 31792

Phone: (229) 228-9011

Fax: (229) 228-9093

E-Mail: [email protected]

Robert (Woody) Duncan

Manufacturing/Publishing

History 1964-2005• Apprentice Pressman, Kingsport

Press, Inc• Pricing and Policy Manager,

Arcata Book Group• VP Production, Scott Foresman

and Company• VP Production/Design, Richard

D. Irwin Company• VP Production, McDougal Littell

Company• VP Mfg & Purchasing, Macmillan

McGraw-Hill Company• President, D.B. Hess Company• ACTS Technical Director

Publication Orders

BMI OfficeTwo Armand Beach Drive 1B

Palm Coast, FL 32137

Phone: (386) 986-4552

Fax: (386) 986-4553

General Email:

[email protected]

MSST Copyright© 2002 National Association of State Textbook Administrators (NASTA)

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Clarification

Confirmation

Guidance

Advise

Interpretations

Inquiries to the Technical Director

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Interpretations - Inquiry Sampling

• Questions requiring clarification or confirmation, advise, consent, e.g.

• How do I obtain a copy of MSST?• Form B – Class of Textbook, etc.• New product/method process/procedure• Recommend Independent Testing Facilities• Insert corrections, maximum, etc.• Font size standards?• Form M - General

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Questions and Discussion

Thank You From BMI

Textbook Durability: Understanding and Applying MSST (NASTA) Specifications Book Manufacturers’...

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