texas tech persentation

Dust TransportIn The Southwest

New Mexico State University

Elizabeth Smith New Mexico State University College of Agriculture, Consumer, and Environmental Science

Corporative Extension Services- Plant Science Las Cruces, NM

http://www.weru.ksu.edu/new_weru/multimedia/2004storms/2004storms.html

Texas Tech PresentationApril 13, 2016

Definition:

• Soil erosion due to wind is initiated by turbulent air movement across an open surface, causing stable soil particles to dislodge and to be suspended within the moving air (Wild, 1993)



Regional Description• Chihuahuan Desert ecosystem

is the most biologically diverse desert in the world, The region’s natural ecosystem has been heavily degraded over time, mainly due to grazing in the past, river channelization for agricultural activities, and urban sprawl. Many native plant species have been replaced with invasive species such as Creosote

• Southwest is considered an Arid Environment

• Nearly 50% is precipitation falls during summer monsoon(Nicholson, 2011)

• Drought conditions since 2001.

• Source pages: • http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/ New Mexico• http://www.srcc.lsu.edu/ Texas


Regional Climate

http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/




http://www.srcc.lsu.edu/

http://www.srcc.lsu.edu/

Wind Science

• The United States is located within the westerlies wind zone, where the wind goes from west to east normally, though local wind patterns may vary.

• In the Las Cruces and El Paso, the primary wind direction is west-southwest.

• This wind is the primary cause of erosion.

• The erodibility of a soil is dependent on the diameter, density, and shape of the particles.


How Wind Erosion and Dust Storms Start Part 1

• Creep: diameter above 0.5mm– Rolls over soil surface

• Saltation: diameter 0.05-0.5mm– Primary cause of wind

erosion• Suspension: smaller than

0.05mm– Form dust storms and

Haboobs


Videos

• Saltation Transport: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xc4bbbwUnNE

• Local Videos- Lordsburg: • https

://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SwFyprF6a_g&nohtml5=False


Haboob

New Mexico State Universityhttp://www.propertyinsurancecoveragelaw.com/uploads/image/Haboob.jpg

• http://www.mesonet.ttu.edu/cases/WallofDirtII_031814/VIS_12_031814.gif

Sources of Wind Blown Dust

• Open land/ desert areas• Public land used for recreation• Private land for future development• Residential Development projects• Recreational areas with soil arenas or

parking lots


• The carrying capacity of wind for soil particles increases with wind speed and decreased with particle and aggregate size


= quantity of soil removed= wind speed= particle diameter

2 m above surface


Why is Wind Blown Dust an Issue?

• What is PM10?– particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter

less than or equal to a nominal ten micrometers • Why is it a problem?

– Health– Personal Property– Environmental Problems


Counties Designated Non-Attainment for PM-10

http://www.asl-associates.com/Images/currentpm10.jpg

Health Issues Related to Wind Blown Dust


Homeowner Issues

• From Homeowners in Southwest area:

– Scours Roofing– Destroys Landscape– Sand Dune occurrence at fence line– Reduction of indoor air quality


Environmental Issues

• Loss of soil to support growth of plants (crops, grasses, forests)

• Deposition of sediment loads into natural and man-made waterways

• Water Pollution– 1t contains 0.2% N/ 0.05% P = 2kg N/0.5 kg P

• Air Pollution– Reduce solar radiation at the surface– Change chemical processes in the atmosphere



• Creep: diameter above 0.5mm– Rolls over soil surface

• Saltation: diameter 0.05-0.5mm– Primary cause of wind

erosion• Suspension: smaller than

0.05mm– Form dust storms and

Haboobs


Equipment Passive• BSNE• Passive Marble Traps

Active• High Volume, Continuous

air-flow sampler• Dust-Track

– Sucks in samples• Gravimetric Dust Sampler

– Provides time-weighted-average respirable dust concentration

New Mexico State Universityhttp://esp.cr.usgs.gov/projects/sw/swdust/marble_traps.html, http://esp.cr.usgs.gov/projects/sw/swdust/tsp_sampler.html

http://esp.cr.usgs.gov/projects/sw/swdust/marble_traps.html

http://esp.cr.usgs.gov/projects/sw/swdust/marble_traps.html

What is a BSNE?• Big Spring Number Eight

• As a Sample Collector: – Stationary heights:

• 50 cm– Rotating Control heights:

• 100 cm• 50 cm • 10 cm


Sampling

• Sampling occurs in an area when gusts reached 25 mph with the National Weather Service or local weather station

OR • No high wind events have been registered for

a 1 month period

Lab Work! • Opening the BSNE

– Collection equipment consisted of (A) screwdriver (B) Deionized Water (DI water) (C) DI water distributer (D) funnel (E) individual sampling containers (Numbered), one container per BSNE (F) toothbrush.

• Preparing the Sample container– sturdy plastic 16 ounce bottles, were washed with DI water and dried

before using in the field.• Lab Process- Field Trip! (but first how it works)


sample weight = beaker with sample - beaker


Bake @ 105 °Centigrade24-48 hours later

QUESTIONS?

[email protected]


mailto:[email protected]

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