Texas Oil and Gas Waste

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OIL AND GAS WASTE IN TEXAS Shale oil and gas production produces massive amounts of solid waste. Each foot drilled produces approximately 1.2 barrels of solid waste according to the American Petroleum Institute. 1 The waste contains chemical laden drilling fluids and mud, drill cuttings, slurry, heavy metals, radioactive material and other impurities from the formation. Waste from the oil and gas industry is not treated as hazardous due to a loophole in the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act RCRA. 2 Pits: Unless prohibited by leases or ordinances, waste can be stored in earthen pits onsite. There are many different kinds of pits. Some pits are authorized and some require permits according to Statewide Rule 8. There is little oversight of pits. Pits in Texas are not required to be lined or fenced. Waste from pits can overflow during heavy rains and leach into soil and contaminate water and soil. Unfenced pits are hazardous to farm animals, wildlife and humans. In Montague County several cases of groundwater contamination where traced to buried pits. 3 Landfarming: Disposal of drilling waste is called landfarming. Permits issued for landfarming limit the waste to no more than 2,000 barrels per acre and no more than a total of 12 inches deep. 4 The Texas Railroad Commission RRC regulates landfarming under three types of permits: Minor permits– Allows an operator to spread waste from one drill site on a small area (usually at the drill site). Rule 8 states landowner permission is required but this is not enforced. 5 Honor based soil test required 30 to 90 days after application to land. 6 Confirmation of testing is near impossible for landowners to obtain. 7 1 Denton Record Chronicle,“Practice lays waste to land ” 31 March 2011 2 Earthworks, Loopholes for Polluters , http://www.earthworksaction.org/files/publications/FS_OilGasExemptions.pdf 3 WFAA, “Drilling pits taint Montague County water ” 16 March 2011 4 Texas Railroad Commission, Surface Waste Seminar, Michael Sims, P.E, 3 August 2012 5 See note 4 6 Fort Worth Weekly,“Toxic drilling waste is getting spread all over Texas farmland ” 12 May 2010 7 See note 6

Transcript of Texas Oil and Gas Waste

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OIL  AND  GAS  WASTE  IN  TEXAS    Shale  oil  and  gas  production  produces  massive  amounts  of  solid  waste.  Each  foot  drilled  produces  approximately  1.2  barrels  of  solid  waste  according  to  the  American  Petroleum  Institute.  1    The  waste  contains  chemical  laden  drilling  fluids  and  mud,  drill  cuttings,  slurry,  heavy  metals,  radioactive  material  and  other  impurities  from  the  formation.    Waste  from  the  oil  and  gas  industry  is  not  treated  as  hazardous  due  to  a  loophole  in  the  Resource  Conservation  and  Recovery  Act  RCRA.  2    Pits:    Unless  prohibited  by  leases  or  ordinances,  waste  can  be  stored  in  earthen  pits  onsite.  There  are  many  different  kinds  of  pits.  Some  pits  are  authorized  and  some  require  permits  according  to  Statewide  Rule  8.  There  is  little  oversight  of  pits.      Pits  in  Texas  are  not  required  to  be  lined  or  fenced.  Waste  from  pits  can  overflow  during  heavy  rains  and  leach  into  soil  and  contaminate  water  and  soil.  Unfenced  pits  are  hazardous  to  farm  animals,  wildlife  and  humans.    In  Montague  County  several  cases  of  groundwater  contamination  where  traced  to  buried  pits.  3      Landfarming:    Disposal  of  drilling  waste  is  called  landfarming.  Permits  issued  for  landfarming  limit  the  waste  to  no  more  than  2,000  barrels  per  acre  and  no  more  than  a  total  of  12  inches  deep.4  The  Texas  Railroad  Commission  RRC  regulates  landfarming  under  three  types  of  permits:    

Minor  permits  –    • Allows  an  operator  to  spread  waste  from  one  drill  site  on  a  small  area  

(usually  at  the  drill  site).  Rule  8  states  landowner  permission  is  required  but  this  is  not  enforced.  5  

• Honor  based  soil  test  required  30  to  90  days  after  application  to  land.    6  • Confirmation  of  testing  is  near  impossible  for  landowners  to  obtain.  7  

                                                                                                               1  Denton  Record  Chronicle,  “Practice  lays  waste  to  land”  31  March  2011  2  Earthworks,  Loopholes  for  Polluters,  http://www.earthworksaction.org/files/publications/FS_OilGasExemptions.pdf  3  WFAA,  “Drilling  pits  taint  Montague  County  water”  16  March  2011  4  Texas  Railroad  Commission,  Surface  Waste  Seminar,  Michael  Sims,  P.E,  3  August  2012  5  See  note  4  6  Fort  Worth  Weekly,  “Toxic  drilling  waste  is  getting  spread  all  over  Texas  farmland”  12  May  2010  7  See  note  6  

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• Arkansas  stopped  honor  based  testing  and  revoked  11  landfarm  permits  after  runoff  caused  water  contamination.  8  

• The  RRC  is  lax  in  tracking  the  testing.  Records  of  soil  tests  showed  up  on  only  a  handful  of  the  thousands  of  permits  being  tracked.9  

 Centralized  landfarm  –  10  

• Requires  environmental  permit  out  of  Austin.    • Allows  one  operator  to  spread  waste  from  several  drill  sites  on  a  larger  

area  (3  acres).    • RRC  circumvents  the  3-­‐acre  limit  by  issuing  numerous  3  acre  tracts  in  one  

area.  11    • Requires  closure  sampling.  

 Commercial  landfarm  –  12  

• Requires  environmental  permit  out  of  Austin.    • Allows  several  operators  to  spread  waste  from  several  different  drill  

sites.      • Requires  closure  sampling.  • In  2010,  there  was  only  one  commercial  landfarm  for  the  entire  Barnett  

Shale  region.  13    

Other  Disposal  Facilities:    

Reclamation  Plants  –  14  • Recover  crude  oil  from  oil  and  gas  waste  prior  to  disposal.  • Requires  monthly  report  indicating  origins  of  incoming  waste,  the  

amount  of  recovered  oil,  and  disposal  destination  of  all  solid  and  liquid  wastes.  

 Commercial  Separation  Facility  –  15  

• Process  oil  and  gas  waste  into  its  solid  and  liquid  components,  then  ship  the  waste  offsite  for  disposal.  

• Liquid  wastes  are  injected  and  solids  are  sent  to  landfill  or  disposal  pit.    Additional  resources:  StateImpact:  How  ‘Landfarms’  For  Disposing  Drilling  Waste  are  Causing  Problems  in  Texas,  12  November  2012.  Statesman:  Public  hearing  at  capitol  on  name,  enforcement  of  Texas  Railroad  Commission,    18  December  2012                                                                                                                  8  See  note  6  9  See  note  1  10  See  note  4  11  See  note  1  12  See  note  4  13  See  note  6  14  See  note  4  15  See  note  4