Texas History Chapter 21, 22, 23 World War l, Great Depression, War & Peace.
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Transcript of Texas History Chapter 21, 22, 23 World War l, Great Depression, War & Peace.
Texas HistoryChapter 21, 22, 23
World War l, Great Depression, War & Peace
International Affairs
Mexican Revolution was a concern for Texans
Pancho Villa led a raid on Columbus, NM
U.S. Troops Enter Mexico
President Wilson sent General Pershing to pursue Pancho Villa
Pancho Villa was NEVER CAPTURED
U.S. Enters WW1
German submarines sinking ships carrying American passengers caused President Wilson to bring the U.S. into the “Great War.”
Germany Makes Offer to Mexico
German diplomat promised to help Mexico regain Texas, Arizona and New Mexico if Mexico would support Germany in WW1.
Anti-German Feelings
Some schools discontinued German classes because people had anti-German feelings.
Texas Mobilizes for War
Mexicans living in Texas were not required to serve in the U.S. military.
Many volunteered anyway and were honored for bravery in battle.
Texas Mobilizes for War
Texas was an ideal location for military bases because of its mild climate and wide open spaces.
Army established training camps at Houston, Ft. Worth, Waco and San Antonio
Texas Mobilizes for War
The largest flight training school in the world was located at Camp Kelly in San Antonio.
“Do Your Bit”
Slogan on WW1 posters
Texans helped the war effort by giving to the Red Cross and rationing food.
200,000 Texans served in the military
Texas Women
Women helped the war effort by becoming factory workers.
Still, struggle for equality was only partially successful.
Struggle for Equality
Women got less pay than men for doing the same job
Minority women were limited to low-paying jobs
Struggle for Equality
African American soldiers: less prejudice in Europe
Minorities still found discrimination and prejudice in Texas when they returned home from war
Struggle for Equality
Not until 1944, did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that all-white Texas primaries were not legal.
Economy in 1920s
After the war, cotton prices fell.
People began to leave the farm and rural life for the city to find jobs
Rural: country life, agriculture
Texas in the 1920s
“Horse and Buggy” era came to an end
Women became involved in politics
Football became popular sport in high school and college
Great Depression Begins
Crop prices decreased
People went into debt
Unemployment rose
Texas in the Great Depression
Farmers’ incomes fell
Many people could not afford to pay for food
Mexican immigration decreased
New Deal Begins
Roosevelt began new programs to deal with problems from Great Depression
“Alphabet agencies” were created by the New Deal
Works Progress Administration
WPA was one agency created to supply mostly construction jobs for unemployed workers
Texas Celebrates Centennial
1936: main celebration of the Centennial was held at Fair Park in Dallas
Politics in 1930s
Mexican Americans began to fight for rights
LULAC: League of United Latin American Citizens
Dictators Come to Power
Military leaders took control in Germany, Italy, and Japan.
Axis powers agreed by treaty not to attack each other.
Allied Powers V. Axis Powers
Allied countries included Great Britain, France, Russia, and later, the U.S.
Roosevelt Aids Allies
Franklin D. Roosevelt was the U.S. President during WWll.
Lend-Lease Act: U.S. lent military equipment to the Allies, or countries fighting Axis powers
Japanese Bomb Pearl Harbor
FDR: “A day that will live in infamy”
U.S. declared war against Japan because of the attack on Pearl Harbor
Texans Respond
Doris Miller: Waco hero of Pearl HarborChester Nimitz: Commander of Pacific fleet
Texans Respond
Dwight Eisenhower: Commanded the Allied forces in Europe
Audie Murphy: most decorated soldier
Texans Respond
Women’s Army Corps (WAC) commanded by Oveta Culp Hobby
Texans Respond
Texans sacrificed during WWll by rationing sugar and planting victory gardens
Cities conducted blackouts to protect against air attacks
Texans Respond
To prevent German subs from attacking tankers in the Gulf of Mexico, scientists constructed underground pipelines
Population Boom
Texas experienced population growth because of wartime employment opportunities
War presented new employment opportunities for women & minorities
Holocaust
Holocaust: Nazis’ mass murder of European Jews
Jews were the chief victims of the Holocaust
Prisoners of War in TexasMany prisoner of war camps housed
Japanese, German, and Italian prisoners
Prisoners worked in agricultural.
GI Bill of Rights
Returning soldiers were aided in getting a college education by the GI Bill of Rights
Axis Powers Conquered
The U.S. left an army of occupation in axis territories after their defeat.
Army of occupation: military force that remains in a conquered land
Post-WWll
After WWll, the U.S. was committed to stopping the spread of communism
Communism Communism:
political theory that includes eliminating private property
After the war, Soviet Union set up communist dictatorships in North Korea and in Eastern Europe
Cold War
The Cold War heated up when North Korea invaded South Korea
Cold War: a time of smaller, localized hostilities.
U.S. soon found itself again at war.
Good Luck on Your Test!
Audie Murphy: most decorated soldier of World War ll, movie actor, author, hero
http://www.audiemurphy.com/