Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
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Transcript of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
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8/3/2019 Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
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Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
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TOF-Definition
A congenital heart defect (CHD) which is
classically understood to involve four
anatomical abnormalities (although only three
of them are always present).
It is the most common cyanotic heart defect,
representing 55-70%, and the most common
cause of blue baby syndrome.
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Component
A. Pulmonary stenosis
B. Overriding aorta
C. Ventricular septal defect(VSD)
D. Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH)
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A. Pulmonary valve stenosis
Valvular heart disease in which outflow of
blood from the right ventricle of the heart is
obstructed at the level of the pulmonic valve.
reduction of flow of blood to the lungs.
80% of right ventricular outflow tract
obstruction.
causes: congenital heart disease, rheumatic
heart disease or a malignant carcinoid tumor.
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Symptoms
Jugular venous distension, cyanosis (usually
visible in the nail beds), right ventricular
hypertrophy and general symptoms of
lowered oxygenation of the blood.
sudden fainting or dizziness if exercised too
much, an enlarged liver (hepatomegaly) and
swelling in the legs (oedema).
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Evaluation
echocardiography
The degree of stenosis is typically determinedby the peak pressure gradient across thevalve. If the peak gradient across the valve isgreater than 50 mmHg, intervention isgenerally warranted. If the peak gradient is