EPA Region 5 Records Ctr.

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Tetra Tech EM Inc. 2536*»200 E. Randolph Drive, Suite 4700 * Chicago, IL 60601 * (312) 856-8700 + FAX (312) 938-0118

September 6, 2002

Mr. Thomas AlcamoWork Assignment Manager (SR-6J)Remedial Response Unit No. 1U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 577 West Jackson BoulevardChicago, IL 60604

Subject: Field Oversight Summary for July 31 through August 20,2002Lemon Lane Landfill Site, Bloomington, IndianaContract No. 68-W6-0037, Work Assignment No. 941-RSBD-0529

Dear Mr. Alcamo:

Tetra Tech EM Inc. (Tetra Tech) has prepared the enclosed summary to document oversight of activitiesat the Lemon Lane Landfill site from July 31 through August 20, 2002. The oversight activities wereconducted by Earth Tech, Inc. (Earth Tech), Tetra Tech's subcontractor. Viacom, Inc., the responsibleparty for the site, conducted the site activities. Appendix A of the enclosure contains the figures cited inthe text, Appendix B contains a photographic log of field activities, and Appendix C contains EarthTech's field notes.

If you have any questions about the enclosed summary, please call me at (312) 946-6491.

Sincerely,

Jeffrey LifkaSite Manager

Enclosure

cc: Henry Thompson, EPA Project Officer (letter only)Cora Stanley, EPA Contracting Officer (letter only)Lou Barinka, TetraTech Program Manager (letter only)File

i contains recycled fiber and is recyclable

ENCLOSURE

FIELD OVERSIGHT SUMMARY FORJULY 31 THROUGH AUGUST 20, 2002

LEMON LANE LANDFILL SITEBLOOMINGTON, INDIANA

(Five Pages)

FIELD OVERSIGHT SUMMARYLEMON LANE LANDFILL SITE

BLOOMINGTON, INDIANA

Earth Tech, Inc., Personnel: John BassettReporting Period: July 31 through August 20, 2002

INTRODUCTION

As requested by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under Contract No. 68-W6-0037,

Work Assignment No. 941-RSBD-0529, Tetra Tech EM Inc. (Tetra Tech) is conducting site visits and

performing oversight activities at the Lemon Lane Landfill site in Bloomington, Indiana. Viacom, Inc.

(Viacom), is the responsible party for the site. Viacom is conducting ongoing investigations to better

understand groundwater flow patterns and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) transport to Illinois Central

Spring (ICS) downgradient of the site. During the reporting period, Viacom performed testing on

piezometer PZ-F and monitoring well NN-300A.

This report summarizes (1) activities observed by Earth Tech, Inc. (Earth Tech), Tetra Tech's

subcontractor, at the Lemon Lane Landfill site on July 31, 2002; (2) verbal reports received by Earth

Tech of activities conducted at the site on August 6 and 20, 2002, from Viacom; (3) issues and

developments; and (4) future activities at the site. Appendix A contains the figures cited in the text,

Appendix B contains a photographic log of field activities, and Appendix C contains Earth Tech's field

notes.

ACTIVITIES AND OBSERVATIONS

Earth Tech's activities and observations at the Lemon Lane Landfill site from July 31 through August 20,

2002, are summarized below.

Wednesday, July 31,2002

Earth Tech conducted oversight of a flush test conducted by Viacom on piezometer PZ-F, which is

installed in the epikarst at an elevation of about 820 feet above mean sea level (amsl). The goals of the

test were to (1) clean sediment out of PZ-F and (2) assess the capability of the aquifer to transmit water.

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The test setup consisted of a fabricated "T" apparatus (see Photograph No. 1). Water from a fire hydrant

was injected into the top of the "T." Water flow rate was measured at the fire hydrant using a flow

meter. Water was injected into the open-hole piezometer by a nominal 1.5-inch-diameter drop pipe

installed to within 6 inches of the piezometer bottom. Washed material was returned to the surface

through the annular space between the open hole and the drop pipe. This material was routed to a truck-

mounted, polyethylene tank (see Photograph No. 2).

The flush test began at 12:56 p.m. under the direction of Viacom's geologist, Mike McCann. An initial

flow rate of 2 gallons per minute (gpm) was used. No overflow to the tank had been noted by 1:25 p.m.

The flow rate was increased to 6 gpm. Beginning at 1:27 p.m., attempts were made to determine the

water level in the piezometer using an electric water level meter. The measurements were taken inside

the 1.5-inch-diameter drop pipe and proved to be difficult because of the cascading water inflow. After

no overflow had been observed by 1:34 p.m., the flow rate was increased to 10 gpm. An apparently valid

water level measurement taken at 1:43 p.m. indicated a water level of 22.80 feet below the measuring

point (bmp). This measurement point was 2.97 feet above the steel casing of PZ-F.

At 1:50 p.m., the flow rate was increased to 30 gpm. Earth Tech checked site monitoring wells OO-387,

OO-370, NN-300, and NN-300A for any evidence of cascading water. No cascading water was noted.

No useful water level measurements could be obtained hi PZ-F at the 30-gpm flow rate.

At 1:56 p.m., the flow rate was increased to 50 gpm because no overflow to the tank had been noted.

However, no overflow occurred even at this flow rate, the highest used during the test. The flow was

stopped at 2:05 p.m. after a total of 988 gallons of water had been injected into PZ-F. Water level

measurements were obtained in PZ-F after the water injection ceased. These measurements are shown in

the following table.

Time

2:05:30 p.m.

2:06:00 p.m.

2:06:30 p.m.

Elapsed Tune(minutes)

0.5

1.0

1.5

Depth to Water(feet bmp)

20.54

22.50

23.00

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Time

2:07:00 p.m.

2:07:30 p.m.

2:08:00 p.m.

2:08:30 p.m.

2:09:00 p.m.

2:09:30 p.m.

2:10:00p.m.

2:ll:00p.m.

2:1 2:00 p.m.

2:13:00p.m.

2:14:00p.m.

2:16:00p.m.

2:1 7:00 p.m.

2: 18:00 p.m.

2:19:00p.m.

2:20:00 p.m.

2:22:00 p.m.

2:23:00p.m.

2:25:00 p.m.

2:27:00 p.m.

2:30:00 p.m.

2:35:00 p.m.

Elapsed Time(minutes)

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

11.0

12.0

13.0

14.0

15.0

17.0

18.0

20.0

22.0

25.0

30.0

Depth to Water(feet bmp)

23.71

24.11

24.41

24.70

24.86

25.08

25.36

26.07

26.52

27.09

27.89

34.09

37.02

39.15

41.34

42.85

44.50

44.64

45.01

45.37

45.89

46.71

Little or no sediment was removed from the bottom of the piezometer during the test. Measurements

taken before and after the flushing confirmed a piezometer depth of 55.2 feet bmp, or about 52.2 feet

below the top of the steel casing.

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Tuesday, August 6, and Tuesday, August 20,2002

Viacom reportedly performed dye trace tests at piezometer PZ-F and monitoring well NN-300A on

August 6 and 20, 2002, respectively. Earth Tech was not present at the site on these dates but received

verbal reports of the test results from Viacom. These results are discussed below.

ISSUES AND DEVELOPMENTS

Figure A-l is a hydrograph of piezometer PZ-F water levels after completion of the flush test. The figure

shows the depths to water levels measured with 2.97 feet above the steel casing as the reference point.

An increase in depth to water level corresponds to a decrease of water level in the piezometer. It is

apparent that voids within the epikarst at this location are capable of accepting a considerable volume of

water, as no circulation return was observed at flow rates as high as 50 gpm. Water levels measured

during piezometer recovery displayed a nonuniform rate of water level decline. Because the water level

initially declined slowly from a level of about 20 feet bmp, the principal voids accepting the flow were

probably located above this level. A pronounced increase in the rate of water level decline occurred 9 to

17 minutes into the recovery period. This is probably due to the sudden opening of an epikarst void in

contact with the well bore and the release of water into the void. As the water level appeared to resume

its initial rate of decline below a level of about 45 feet bmp, the void may have opened up at about that

level.

Viacom later reported to Earth Tech by telephone that the flush test conducted on July 31, 2002, resulted

in a 45 part per billion (ppb) PCB spike at ICS downgradient of the site. The ICS sample was collected

4 hours after injection, so the actual peak concentration may have been higher. Based on groundwater

travel time estimates, the peak concentration was not expected to arrive at ICS until about 12 hours after

injection. Subsequent ICS samples had PCB concentrations of about 11 to 12 ppb. Viacom also reported

that water levels in nearby wells in the phreatic zone rose about 0.2 foot within 1 hour of injection. This

occurrence is also an indication that water injected into PZ-F reaches the phreatic zone quickly.

Viacom also reported the results of the dye trace test conducted at PZ-F on August 6, 2002, to Earth Tech

by telephone. During the test, 225 grams of Rhodamine WT dye was injected into PZ-F, followed by

1,000 gallons of water. The dye was detected in monitoring wells OO-370 and OO-300A as well as at

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ICS. Figure A-2 is a graph of the dye concentrations detected at OO-370, OO-300A, and ICS. OO-300A

is open to the vadose zone (840 to 855 feet amsl), while OO-370 is in the phreatic zone (795 to 825 feet

amsl). The wells are located about 70 feet apart. The detection of dye in both wells indicates that a

portion of the water traveling from the area of PZ-F remains in the vadose zone until it is very near

OO-370, at which time it migrates vertically into the phreatic zone.

In addition, Viacom provided Earth Tech with a verbal summary of the dye trace test conducted at

monitoring well NN-300A on August 20, 2002. Beginning at 9:15 a.m., 225 grams of Rhodamine WT

dye was injected into the well. The dye flush ended at 9:46 a.m. Dye was visually noted at monitoring

wells OO-370 and OO-300A beginning at 9:51 a.m. No dye was visually detected at monitoring well

OO-387, which is only 17 feet west of OO-370.

Finally, Viacom supplied draft, raw data regarding the dye trace test performed at monitoring wells

MW-4i and MW-6 on July 10, 2002. This test is described in Tetra Tech's field oversight summary

dated July 22, 2002. Briefly, 225 grams of Rhodamine WT dye was injected into MW-4i, and 50 grams

of fluorescein dye was injected into MW-6. Viacom monitored the injection wells, nearby wells, ICS,

and Quarry B spring by testing for the presence of dye. Figure A-3 is a graph of the dye concentrations

detected in ICS and Quarry B spring. Two significant findings are apparent in this graph. First, no

significant fluorescein peak was detected at ICS (background concentrations from previous dye tests

were detected), which suggests that groundwater in the vicinity of MW-6 does not follow a path to ICS.

No fluorescein has been detected at ICS since the test. Second, no significant Rhodamine WT peak was

detected at Quarry B spring (background concentrations from previous dye tests were detected), which is

downgradient of ICS. This finding (1) suggests that the Rhodamine WT dye that emerged from the ICS

orifice was captured by the ICS treatment plant (which is located between ICS and Quarry B spring) and

(2) demonstrates that no bypass occurs under low-flow conditions.

FUTURE ACTIVITIES

Tetra Tech and Earth Tech will continue to conduct site visits and perform oversight activities at the

Lemon Lane Landfill site as directed by EPA. Viacom is expected to perform groundwater conduit

investigations on an ongoing basis and to provide final investigation results in future reports.

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APPENDIX A

FIGURES

(Three Pages)

Figure A-1Piezometer PZ-F Post-Injection Water Levels - July 31, 2002

Lemon Lane Landfill Site

50

45

40

35

30

Q.

5

Ii_o

Q.s

25 f

20

15

10

5

00 10 15 20 25

Time since the end of injection (minutes)

30 35

A-1

Figure A-2Piezometer PZ-F Dye Trace Test Results - August 6, 2002

Lemon Lane Landfill Site

300 6,000

008/06/02 08/07/02 08/08/02 08/09/02 08/10/02 08/11/02 08/12/02

008/13/02

Time•ICS Rhodamine WT

OO-370 Rhodamine WT

•OO-300A Rhodamine WT

A-2

Figure A-3Monitoring Well MW-4i and MW-6 Dye Trace Test Results - July 10, 2002

Lemon Lane Landfill Site

700 7.0

6.0

s.o s;

0 '5 Q. Q) c

SSI-3.0 o £> 5 £

i!«! s"- 3 £ O

55oa: §— o

• ICS Rhodamine WT

o ICS Fluorescein

* Quarry B spring Rhodamine WT

A-3

APPENDIX B

PHOTOGRAPHIC LOG

(Two Pages)

Photograph No. 1Orientation: WestDescription: "T" apparatus setup for the piezometer PZ-F flush test

Location: Lemon Lane LandfillDate: July 31,2002

B-l

Photograph No. 2Orientation: NortheastDescription: Polyethylene tank setup for the piezometer PZ-F flush test

Location: Lemon Lane LandfillDate: July 31,2002

B-2

APPENDIX C

EARTH TECH FIELD NOTES

(Three Sheets)

224

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