Tests der Wirkung von PCE-Fließmitteln auf Stoffe für … Dr. J. Juhart 11.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium...
Transcript of Tests der Wirkung von PCE-Fließmitteln auf Stoffe für … Dr. J. Juhart 11.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium...
Dr. J. Juhart 111.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium Regensburg
Tests der Wirkung von PCE-Fließmitteln auf Stoffe für Ressourcen-effizienten, nachhaltigen Beton
Effect of PCE-Superplasticizers on Powdersfor Eco-Concrete
Institute of Technology and Testing of Building Materials
Institute of Applied Geosciences
Laboratory for Particle Analysis (RCPE)Graz University of Technology
Dr. J. Juhart 211.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium Regensburg
Motivation Climate Protection and Sustainable Development
N2O
CH4
CO2
Quelle: IPCC: Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report
Cement production causes ~ 5% of world wide CO2-emission [Quelle: VÖZ]
Concrete demand worldwide ~ 7 billion m³/year [KIT 2012]
Dr. J. Juhart 311.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium Regensburg
Development of Eco-concrete
0%
33%
67%
100%
133%strength(fcm,28d)openporosityGWP
PEI
• reduction of GWP and PEI by - 10-30% is possible
• equal concrete performance
Dr. J. Juhart 411.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium Regensburg
water layer
cement
interstitial
water
normal paste
Same workability/strength/ durabilityof eco-concrete and normal concrete
+ superplasticizerwater layer thickness
micro filler
+ superplasticizerwater layer thickness
eco-fillermicro filler
filled voids w/b-ratio e.g. HSC+ “eco-filler”CEM-clinker (w/c )
„eco“-concrete
Packing Optimization & Effect of Fillers
Dr. J. Juhart 511.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium Regensburg
Flowability of Different Powders
Spread flow test
Which SP do you recommend for eco-concrete and what performance will we reach with different fine powders ?
Dr. J. Juhart 611.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium Regensburg
Superplasticizers PCE
Quelle: SIKA Produktbroschüre
PCE ca. 10 nmCEM Ø ca. 10 µm
superplasticizer [PCE] application
‐SP 55 ready‐mixed concreteSP 108 ready‐mixed concreteSP 109 precast concreteSP 110 precast concreteSP 144 precast concreteSP 147 precast concreteSP 170 precast concreteSP 182 precast concrete
bulk density PCE content (solid)
g/cm³ M.%1,07 301,08 291,09 401,06 301,06 281,06 301,06 251,07 30
Dr. J. Juhart 711.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium Regensburg
Powders
Portland Cement d50 = 7,5 µmMicro-fillers d50 < 4 µmEco-fillers 5 µm < d50 < 15µm
type true densityρ0
grain sized50
location parameter x’
slopen
Blaine‐ value
water demand (MEM) Vws/Vp
sensitivity to addition of waterEp
GWP PEI
g/cm³ µm µm ‐ cm²/g ‐ ‐ kgCO2/t MJ/tcem I 52,5 R 3,14 7,50 8,50 0,90 5110 0,92 0,0041 831 4030quartz eco 2,65 13,80 18,60 1,00 4640 0,85 0,0026 41 1338quartz micro 2,65 3,26 4,60 1,10 (12680) 0,83 0,0005 57 1788microsilica 2,20 0,20 (34908) 1,28 0,0033 (0) (0)limestone micro 2,73 2,20 3,50 1,20 9314 0,61 0,0015 36 1006limestone eco 1 2,70 9,00 15,80 1,20 5630 0,59 0,0028 25 717limestone eco 2 2,70 12,00 20,40 1,00 3689 0,69 0,0026 25 717dolomite micro 2,90 3,30 4,30 1,30 8300 0,85 0,0030 36 1006dolomite eco 2,86 15,00 33,50 0,80 2962 0,61 0,0021 25 717
inert stone powders
fact
or 1
/20
Dr. J. Juhart 911.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium Regensburg
Ep, quartz
Ep, limest.
0 100 200 300 400
spread flow [mm]
cement micro-filler (limestone) eco-filler (quartz)
no flow
Water Demand and Flowability of PowdersNew combination-method “MEM-ST”
Water demand for certain spread flow
Vwf/Vp
Ep,cem
Ep,quartz
Ep,limestone
„MEM“
minimumwater
demand
Vws/Vp
• Mixing energy method (MEM) • Spread flow test ST (Okamura)
water demand at saturation (Vws/Vp) ≙ void content water demand for certain spread flows (Vwf,i/Vp)
Dr. J. Juhart 1011.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium Regensburg
Sequence of Testing of Water-Powder mixes with SP
• water/powder mixes at minimum water demand (MEM) constant starting consistency
• addition of superplasticizers / mixing
spread flow tests rheometer test
p
sPCE
powder
solidPCE
Vm
Vm
dosageSP __
Dr. J. Juhart 1111.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium Regensburg
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0,00% 0,25% 0,50% 0,75% 1,00% 1,25% 1,50%
spread
flow
[mm]
mPCEsolid/VP [%]
cem I 52,5 R; d50=7,5µm
SP 108 ‐ LC
SP 144 etc. ‐ HC
Results
Dr. J. Juhart 1211.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium Regensburg
Results
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0,00% 0,25% 0,50% 0,75% 1,00% 1,25% 1,50%
spread
flow
[mm]
mPCEsolid/VP [%]
cem I 52,5 R; d50=7,5µm
SP 108 ‐ LC
SP 144 etc. ‐ HC
Dr. J. Juhart 1311.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium Regensburg
Results
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0,00% 0,25% 0,50% 0,75% 1,00% 1,25% 1,50%
spread
flow
[mm]
mPCEsolid/VP [%]
cem I 52,5 Rlimestone eco 1limestone eco 2; d50=12,0µm
; d50=7,5µm; d50=9,0µm
SP 108 ‐ LC
SP 144 etc. ‐ HC
Dr. J. Juhart 1411.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium Regensburg
Results
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0,00% 0,25% 0,50% 0,75% 1,00% 1,25% 1,50%
spread
flow
[mm]
mPCEsolid/VP [%]
cem I 52,5 Rquartz ecolimestone eco 1limestone eco 2
; d50=13,8µm
; d50=12,0µm
; d50=7,5µm
; d50=9,0µm
SP 108 ‐ LC
SP 144 etc. ‐ HC
Dr. J. Juhart 1511.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium Regensburg
Results
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0,00% 0,25% 0,50% 0,75% 1,00% 1,25% 1,50%
spread
flow
[mm]
mPCEsolid/VP [%]
cem I 52,5 Rdolomite microdolomite ecoquartz ecolimestone eco 1limestone eco 2
; d50=13,8µm
; d50=3,3µm
; d50=12,0µm
; d50=7,5µm
; d50=9,0µm
; d50=15µm
SP 108 ‐ LC
SP 144 etc. ‐ HC
Dr. J. Juhart 1611.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium Regensburg
Results
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0,00% 0,25% 0,50% 0,75% 1,00% 1,25% 1,50%
spread
flow
[mm]
mPCEsolid/VP [%]
cem I 52,5 Rdolomite microdolomite ecoquartz ecolimestone microlimestone eco 1limestone eco 2
; d50=2,2µm
SP 108 ‐ LC
SP 144 etc. ‐ HC
; d50=13,8µm
; d50=3,3µm
; d50=12,0µm
; d50=7,5µm
; d50=9,0µm
; d50=15µm
Dr. J. Juhart 1711.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium Regensburg
Results
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0,00% 0,25% 0,50% 0,75% 1,00% 1,25% 1,50%
spread
flow
[mm]
mPCEsolid/VP [%]
cem I 52,5 Rdolomite microdolomite ecoquartz ecolimestone microlimestone eco 1limestone eco 2
; d50=2,2µm
SP 108 ‐ LC
SP 144 etc. ‐ HC
; d50=13,8µm
; d50=3,3µm
; d50=12,0µm
; d50=7,5µm
; d50=9,0µm
; d50=15µm
limestonequartz
cement
Dr. J. Juhart 1911.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium Regensburg
Rheometer –Tests
assumption: linear Bingham flow-curve
torque
[mNm]
rotational frequency [1/min]
rel. viscosity η
rel. yield value M0
Vmeasuring ~ 15 ml
water/powder mixes with constant starting consistency(near minimum water demand, spread flow= 130 mm)
addition of superplasticizers + external pre-mixing
Dr. J. Juhart 2011.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium Regensburg
Specifications Rheometer Measurements
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450
rotatio
nal frequ
ency [1
/min]
testing time [sec]
test‐profile (rate of shear history)pre‐shearing data aquisition
measurement points
Dr. J. Juhart 2111.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium Regensburg
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 50 100 150 200 250
torque
[mNm]
rotational frequency [1/min]
dolomite powder "eco"min. water demandSP_144 0,025%SP_144 0,15%
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 50 100 150 200 250
torque
[mNm]
rotational frequency [1/min]
CEM I 52,5 Rmin. water demandSP_144 0,025%SP_144 0,4%
Results Rheometer – flow curves
Yield value min. water demand M0,mwd~ const.for all water/powder mixes
SP saturation SP saturation
M0 yield value atmin. water demand
viscosityviscosity
M0 yield val. atmin. waterdemand
mwdMMMrel
,0
00.
Dr. J. Juhart 2211.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium Regensburg
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
0,00 0,25 0,50 0,75 1,00 1,25 1,50 1,75
rel. M0 [‐]
mPCE_solid/Vp [%]
SP 144‐HC
CEM I 52,5 Rlimestone eco 1dolomite ecodolomite microlimestone microquartz ecomicrosilica
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
0,00 0,25 0,50 0,75 1,00 1,25 1,50 1,75
rel. M0 [‐]
mPCE_solid/Vp [%]
SP 108‐LC
CEM I 52,5 Rlimestone eco 1dolomite microdolomite ecolimestone microquartz ecomicrosilica
Results Rheometer –yield stress (rel. M0) vs. SP-dosage
Dr. J. Juhart 2311.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium Regensburg
Results Rheometer – rel. M0 vs. rel. η
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
0,00 0,25 0,50 0,75 1,00 1,25 1,50 1,75
rel. M0 [‐]
mPCE_solid/Vp [%]
SP 108‐LC
CEM I 52,5 R
limestone eco 1
dolomite micro
dolomite eco
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
0,00 0,25 0,50 0,75 1,00 1,25 1,50 1,75
rel. η [‐]
mPCE_solid/Vp [%]
SP 108‐LC
CEM I 52,5 R
limestone eco 1
dolomite micro
dolomite eco
Dr. J. Juhart 2411.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium Regensburg
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 50 100 150 200 250
torque
[mNm]
rotational frequency [1/min]
microsilica
SP_108‐LC 0,05%
SP_144‐HC 0,05%
min. waterdemand
Influence of PCE-SP on Microsilica (d50~0,2µm)
+ SP
Dr. J. Juhart 2511.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium Regensburg
Summary and Conclusion
• investigations by spread flow test and Rheometer
• SP-demand of CEM I > SP-demand of most stone powderswith similar fineness to CEM I(differs for quartz-dolomite-limestone)
• viscosity of CEM I mixes > viscosity of most stone powder mixes of similar fineness
• „SP-demand“ ↗ with increasing fineness of powdersincrease of yield stress & agglomeration of PCE with very fine powders observed
• for stone-powders: only small differences between SP-HC and SP-LC
• spread flow over time:decrease for cement (SP-HC ) > decrease for stone powders(almost no decrease over time for stone powders with all SP)
• estimation of spread flow of powder-mixes is possible when knowing the SP-demand of single ingredients (by summing up the weighted spread flows)
• Outlook: testing of the effect of SP on powders in pore solution of cement-limes is recommended (pre-tests show a big influence of pH-value and ions in pore solution on the interaction of powders and pore solution)
Dr. J. Juhart 2611.03.2015 Rheo-Kolloquium Regensburg
Thank you for your attention!
Co-authors: Claudia Nickel, Prof. J. Tritthart
Data based on student works of D. Borovina, A. Schönauer, C. Maier, TU Graz 2014/2015