Testing Overview, Schlumberger

Testing OverviewReference: InTouch content ID # 4226578Version: 1.0Release Date: 12-Jun-2007EDMS UID: 1649494377Produced: 12-Jun-2007 14:48:55Owner: ELC TestingAuthor: P. Quéré

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Testing OverviewReference: InTouch content ID # 4226578Version: 1.0Release Date: 12-Jun-2007EDMS UID: 1649494377Published: 12-Jun-2007 14:48:55Owner: ELC TestingAuthor: P. Quéré

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TS Technology Based Training — Well Testing / Legal Information

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v TS Technology Based Training — Well Testing / Table of Contents v

Table of Contents

1 Testing Overview1.1 Introduction __________________________________________________ 1-11.2 Why Is a Reservoir Tested? ___________________________________ 1-11.3 When Is a Reservoir Tested? _________________________________ 1-21.4 What Is Measured During a Test? _____________________________ 1-21.5 What Is Derived from a Test? _________________________________ 1-31.6 Different Types of Well Tests __________________________________ 1-31.7 Well Test Setup Diagram _____________________________________ 1-41.8 Main Services Provided in Well Testing ________________________ 1-61.9 Posttest _____________________________________________________ 1-61.10 References __________________________________________________ 1-81.11 Other Useful Links ___________________________________________ 1-8

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1-1 Well Test Set-up Diagram __________________________________________ 1-5



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1-i TS Technology Based Training — Well Testing / Testing Overview 1-i

1 Testing Overview

1.1 Introduction ____________________________________________________ 1-11.2 Why Is a Reservoir Tested? ____________________________________ 1-11.3 When Is a Reservoir Tested? ___________________________________ 1-21.4 What Is Measured During a Test? _______________________________ 1-21.5 What Is Derived from a Test? ___________________________________ 1-31.6 Different Types of Well Tests ___________________________________ 1-31.7 Well Test Setup Diagram _______________________________________ 1-41.8 Main Services Provided in Well Testing _________________________ 1-61.9 Posttest ________________________________________________________ 1-61.10 References _____________________________________________________ 1-81.11 Other Useful Links _____________________________________________ 1-8



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1-1 TS Technology Based Training — Well Testing / Testing Overview 1-1

1 Testing OverviewTBT OLT OnLineTraining Surface TestingWell Testing

1.1 IntroductionAccurate, long-term projections about a reservoir cannot be made based onwireline data alone. Well tests must be run at the surface in order to gain moreinformation about a reservoir. This topic provides an overview of well testing. Itdescribes why and when reservoirs are tested, what is measured during testingand what information is derived from testing. Well testing activities can bedivided into two major phases: data acquisition and data interpretation.

1.2 Why Is a Reservoir Tested?Reservoirs are tested to answer questions about the reservoir that cannot beanswered by other techniques such as mud logging, coring, electrical logging,MWD & LWD techniques, and seismic measurements. Although extremelyvaluable, these techniques provide information only about static reservoirconditions:

• Porosity (See Glossary)

• Lithology (See Glossary)

• Rock type (See Glossary)

• Formation dip (See Glossary)

• Water saturation (See Glossary)

Well testing is required to answer critical questions about the reservoir. Bymeasuring relevant parameters under dynamic conditions, these questions canbe answered:

• Will the reservoir flow?

• Which quantity of hydrocarbons is in place?

• What is the quality of the hydrocarbons in place?

• How long will it be productive?

• How long will it be profitable?



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1.3 When Is a Reservoir Tested?Tests on oil and gas wells are performed at various stages in the life of a well.Traditionally, a well is tested after logging is finished and before or after thewell is completed. It is also common for a well to be tested one or more timesduring its life.

1.4 What Is Measured During a Test?Data is gathered during the data acquisition phase. This topic describes theparameters acquired when a reservoir is tested.

Flow rate values

Fluid flow rate (Q) values are obtained using surface testing equipment. Tobring the well fluids to the surface where they can be handled and measuredwith surface testing equipment, a flow path is needed between the reservoir(downhole) and the surface. The path the fluid takes is provided either by thewell permanent completion (tubing) or a temporary completion called drill stemtest (DST) (see Glossary) string.

Pressure and temperature

Initial reservoir pressure, pressure and temperature behavior are acquired fromdownhole pressure (P) and temperature (T) datum. These values are recordedusing electronic pressure sensors or gauges that are placed at or near thereservoir either in the downhole string or hung on a cable (slickline or electricalline).

PVT data

Fluid from the reservoir is identified using pressure, volume and temperature(PVT) values. PVT data is derived from samples that are taken either at thesurface or downhole using sampling techniques and equipment. PVT values areobtained either from lab analysis or field evaluations of these samples.

Porosity values

Porosity values (Φ) (see Glossary) are obtained from wireline openhole log dataand/or coring (see Glossary) .







1.5 What Is Derived from a Test?During the interpretation phase, the data acquired during testing is used to makeevaluations. Using the parameters acquired in the data acquisition phase, thefollowing can be calculated:

• Reservoir parameters:

– Permeability (k) (see Glossary)

– Heterogeneity parameters (lambda [λ], omega [Ω], kappa [κ]) (seeGlossary)

– Hydraulic fracture parameter (Xf) (see Glossary)

– Initial reservoir pressure (pi) (see Glossary)

– Radius of Investigation (ri)

• Well parameters:

– Near wellbore formation damage: skin factor (S) (see Glossary)

– Inflow performance relationship (IPR) (see Glossary)

– Wellbore storage coefficient (C) (see Glossary)

• Geometry of the reservoir and its extent

• Reserve quantities

• Hydraulic communication (see Glossary) between wells

The accuracy of these evaluations during the interpretation stage is closelyrelated to the accuracy and the quality of the data acquisition.

Porosity values (Φ) (see Glossary) are obtained from interpretation, MWD/LWDor wireline openhole log data and/or coring (see Glossary).

1.6 Different Types of Well TestsThe following are the typical well tests:

• Exploration & development tests (oil or gas)

• Productivity tests (oil or gas)

• Injection tests

• Interference tests (see Glossary)















• Pulse tests (see Glossary)

• Slug tests

• Layered tests (see Glossary)

1.7 Well Test Setup DiagramSee Well Test Setup Diagram below for a diagram of a well test setup.






1.8 Main Services Provided in Well TestingThe following are the main services performed in well testing:

• Surface testing (including multiphase)

• Downhole testing, DST (see Glossary) & perforating (TCP or slicklineactivated)

• Sampling

• Data acquisition (surface and downhole)

• Slickline

• Subsea

1.9 PosttestThe following test is designed to test your understanding of the materialpresented in this module. A score of 100% or above indicates that you have metthe objectives of this training module. If you do not achieve this score, review themodule and take the Posttest again.

The Posttest is accessed through the Learning Management System (LMS). Totake the test you must first enroll in this TBT module within the LMS and thenstart the test from the LMS.

NoteThe Learning Management system displays the later of your Posttest scores forthe module on the Enrollments page under the “My Development” tab.The laterscore for the Posttest for the module will be used to determine whether you havesuccessfully completed the module.

Enrolling in a Module

To enroll in this TBT module, follow the steps below.

1. If you have not already done so, print this page so that you have theinstructions at hand.

2. Click here to login to the Learning Management System and follow theinstructions below for enrolling in this TBT module.




http://www.lms.slb.com/SabaWeb

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NoteIf you are a LMS user, it is not necessary to work through the LMS On-LineTraining at this time in order to enroll in the module and take the Posttest.

3. On the LMS Learning Catalog, enter your Segment information in the “Group”drop-down menu.

4. In the “Category” drop-down menu, select “WBT”.

5. Click on the “Search” button.

The next page will show a list of all the modules in the Learning Catalog thatinclude the Segment identifier you input above in their titles.

6. Click on the check mark to the left of the TBT module.

NoteDo not click on the name of the module.

A new window (page) titled “Registration Receipt” will be displayed.

7. Click on the “Enrollments” button.

8. Close the “Registration Receipt” window and return to the “LearningCatalog”tab.In the “Enrollments” page under the “My development” tab, this TBTmodule you have just added will be included in the list of Titles that wereadded to your enrollments (personal learning catalog).

9. Click on the “My development” tab.

10. Click on the title for this TBT module to access the training and its “Posttest”.

To start a test from within the LMS, follow the steps below.

1. In the LMS “Product Details” page under the “My Development>Enrollment”tab, click on the title for this module, then “Posttest” to take the test. Youshould see the test you have selected.

2. When the test appears, enter your name as you would like it to appear ona report or certificate and your work location and then click on the “Submit”button.

You will see the first question in the first section of the test. Answer each questionin the section and then click on the “Submit” button to submit your answers.




NoteYou can only change your answers before you click on the “Submit” button.After you submit your answers, you cannot change them, even if it appearsthat you can.

When you have submitted your answers to the questions in the last section of thetest, you will see your results on each question in the test. Scroll to the bottom ofthis page and select the link to view and print your test results.

At the end of the test, after the score has been given, click the “x”; button atthe top right to close the Question Mark “Perception” window and return to themain text.

To access the Posttest click the question link below.

Test your understanding

1.10 References• Modern Reservoir Testing (1994). SMP-7055.1-1

• Testing Services Catalog (2002). SMP-7086-11-2

• Introduction to Well Testing, Paris, Schlumberger (August 1996).

• Modern Well Test Analysis (2002), Roland N. Horn, Petroway Inc., ISBN0-9626992-1-7

1.11 Other Useful Links• Pressure Operations Manual rev. 5.2

• OFS QHSE Standards

• LMS Login Page

• LMS Reference Page

• COMPASS Reference Page

• InTouchSupport.com

1-1. Schlumberger publication order number.

1-2. Schlumberger publication order number.



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