Testing of Fuels and Materials for Next Generation ...€¦ · at the HFR Petten NOMAGE4, Halden...
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Transcript of Testing of Fuels and Materials for Next Generation ...€¦ · at the HFR Petten NOMAGE4, Halden...
Testing of Fuels and Materials for Next Generation Reactors
at the HFR Petten
NOMAGE4, Halden
Presented byJaap G. van der Laan
1.11.2011
20111101 Copyright NRG 2
Contributors
Darina BlagoevaAlexandr FedorovSander de GrootRalph HaniaMonica JongFrodo KlaassenSteven KnolNatalia LuzginovaLida MagielsenArjan Vreeling
... and many others
Teams:• HFR operations• Hot Cells & Laboratories• Engineering & Technology• Physics & Monitoring• Fuels & Isotopes Technologies• Materials Characterization
20111101 Copyright NRG 3
• The Netherlands Nuclear Infrastructure• HFR Petten• NRG R&D activities • Fuels & materials for next generation
systems• Outlook
Outline
20111101 Copyright NRG 4
Nuclear Infrastructure in The Netherlands
Amsterdam
Urenco Almelo
NRG ArnhemHOR & TU Delft
KCB Borssele
COVRA
The NetherlandsEurope
NRG Petten
EU JRC
New Built:KCB Borssele 2
20111101 Copyright NRG 5
The Netherlands Queen’s visit to Kjeller, 1953
Norwegian –Netherlands collaborations started late ’40-ies
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New projects
• Delta, the utility currently running the 500 MWe Kerncerntrale Borsele for 60 yrs up to 2033, considers application for construction of a new NPP at the Borsele site.
• The Netherlands Ministry of Economy, Agriculture and Innovation is implementing the appropriate regulatory measures, including staff expansion and training.
• The Netherlands research programme will focus on competencies in wider sense, including education and training, and basic and applied research & development activities: priority on nuclear safety
• In addition the PALLAS project is under preparation: replacement of the HFR at Petten by a state of the art multi-purpose reactor for radio isotope production and nuclear technology developments
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Nuclear Infrastructure Petten site
High Flux Reactor Hot Cell laboratory
Actinide laboratory Molybdenum Production Facility
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The High Flux ReactorThe HFR is mainly used for
materials & fuels irradiations radioisotopes productionindustrial and medical research
Light water moderated and cooled 45 MWth tank-in-pool multi-purpose testing reactorPlate-type fuel elements with burnable absorber and beryllium reflectorHigh availability: 274 to 291 FPD per year (major repair completed in 2010)
• 20 in-core experiment channelswithin a core arrangement of 9 x 9 positions containing 33 fuel elements, 6 control rods and 22 beryllium reflector elements• 12 experimental positions outside the HFR vessel in the pool-side facility • 4 horizontal beam tubes in use• Gamma irradiation facilities
20111101 Copyright NRG 9
NRG Activities
• Three main pillars of NRG Fission R&D- Fast Breeder Reactor + P&T- LWR (SCWR)- (V)HTR/Cogeneration.
• This is in line with the European nuclear R&D strategy as laid down by the Sustainable Nuclear Energy Technology Platform (SNETP, vision report available at www.snetp.eu).
• R&D work by NRG is mostly cost-shared by EU and NRG via European framework programs, and/or by national budgets.
20111101 Copyright NRG 10
NRG Generic topics FRs+P&T
Fuels & materials: Sample fabrication (U, Pu, MA)Irradiation Post-irradiation examinationFuel modelling
Structural Materials:ODS steelsJoining techniquesFracture mechanicsCreep fatigueCorrosion
Core parameters:Uncertainties in nuclear dataEffects of minor actinidesCriticalityShielding
Thermal hydraulics:CFD modelling for fuel rods Heat transfer modelling
Accident analysis:Structural integrity at seismic eventsFuel coolant interactions
System studies and economicsFuel Cycle & nuclear park scenariosCost analysesRoadmapping and visualisation
European Projects:ACSEPT, ADRIANA, ANDES, ESFR, GOFASTR, LEADER, CDT, FAIRFUELS, F-BRIDGE, GETMAT, MATTER
New: PELGRIMM, ASGARD, SEARCH
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BODEX project (EU FP6)
Major challeng for transmutation fuels: helium production:- Swelling (fuel-cladding interactions)- He release (pin pressures)Boron Doped EXperiment (BODEX): To study the swelling
effect, boron is implemented to produce helium
+ Quick He production+ Easy handling+ Single effect experiment- Debatable whether it is sufficiently representative
• Inert Matricess: Mo, MgO, YSZ ((Zr,Y)O2)• B- compounds: Mo2B (Mo), Mg3B2O6 (MgO), ZrB2 (YSZ)
S. KnolA. Fedorov
F.C. Klaassen
20111101 Copyright NRG 12
BODEX project (2)
• Each matrix irradiated at 2 temperatures: 1200 and 800°C• Irradiated in HFR Pool Side Facility to B-10 burn-up ~65% (Total
He: ~6*1020 atoms/cc)
Molybdenum- Large temperature influence, at 800 °C very good performance- Very low helium release
MgO- Large He release, anisotropic swelling
YSZ- Even at high T low swelling- Medium helium release- (High activity)
• PIE still ongoing• Work related to HELIOS experiment with Americium
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Fairfuels project (EU FP 7)
NRG conducts two irradiations in 2010-2012 :
• MARIOS (2010-2011)- Blanket fuel (Am0.15U0.85O2-x)- Well-controlled temperatures (1000 oC,
1200 oC)- He release and swelling as a function of
temperature
• SPHERE (2011-2012)- Homogeneous route (Am0.02-0.05Pu0.2O2-x)- In-core behavior of conventional pellet
fuel vs. ‘Sphere-Pac’ fuel forms
• New EU FP7 project: PELGRIMM
F.C. Klaassen(EU Fairfuels coordinator)
R. Hania
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Irradiation in LBE
• Lead Bismuth Eutectic, LBE, is the component environment for XADS devices like MYRRHA: compatibility of 316L type and 9Cr steelswith LBE is to be assessed
• Irradiation projects to 2 dpa at BR2 and HFR (tensile/KLST)
• Thick container walls are needed to resist stresses due to swelling of solidified LBE
• Instrumented capsules with 5 thermocouples
• Post-Irradiation Testing undertaken in NRG Fuel-HotCell to allow Polonium handling!
Lida MagielsenSander Kamer
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NRG in MATTER IP
Material: 9Cr steelsSet-up is under development
Monica JongNatalia Luzginova
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(Very) High Temperature Reactor (1)
• Basis: triso coated UO2 kernels in graphite balls (HTRModul design)
• Initially testing of German and Chinese fuel balls
• Irradiation and P.I.E. for monitoring fission gas release to high burn-up: new sweep-loops installed
• Irradiation and P.I.E. for fuel at VHTR temperature
• Gen4 International Forum collaborative framework
Fuel pebble with graphite shell and thermocouples during assembly
X-ray image of fuel pebble
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(Very) High Temperature Reactor (2)
PYCASSO-I & II:Aim: study the effect of irradiation on coatings, excluding the influence of fuel and fission products at relevant (V)HTR temperatures of 900, 1000 and 1100°CPIE ongoing for Pycasso-I
FE model CEA KAERI JAEA CEA JAEA KAERI1000°C 1100°C 1100°C 1000°C 900°C 900°C
X-ray
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Pressure-Vessel• Irradiation of T91 thick section weldment and post-
irradiation fracture toughness and creep (hot vessel option) – derive negligible creep regime
Core structures• Re-installation of graphites qualification tools • Selection and pre-qualification of present day
graphites – high dose HFR irradiations – establish design correlations
Internals & miscellaneous • Ceramic composites for control-rods, e.g. C/C and
SiC/SiC • Composites for support structures, gas duct,
straps, fasteners etc.
(Very) High Temperature Reactor (3)
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Graphite Irradiations (V)HTR
• Fluence rate Øtot = 6-9 E18 m-2s-1
• EDN fluence ~ 5-6 E25 m-2, or ~ 6-7dpa per calendar year
• Ratio min/max ~ 65%• T in range 300 – 1000°C
Main choices:• Modular specimen stacks, well
instrumented, optimum height, 150-200 specimens
• High purity helium purge and graphite foils preventing metallic contamination of specimens
• Irradiation in multiple stages, allowing to obtain full curve by re-irradiation of specimens (to 25 dpa_g)
-7
-5
-3
-1
1
3
5
0 5 10 15 20 25
Neutron Fluence
Rel
ativ
e Vo
lum
e C
hang
e (%
)
FP5FP6
-7
-5
-3
-1
1
3
5
0 5 10 15 20 25
Neutron Fluence
Rel
ativ
e Vo
lum
e C
hang
e (%
)
FP5FP6
Grade Manufacturer Status Coke Process NBG-10 SGL Major Pitch Extrusion NBG-25 SGL Minor Petroleum Iso-moulding NBG 20 SGL Minor Petroleum Extrusion NBG-18 SGL Major Pitch Fibro-moulding NBG-17 SGL Minor Pitch Fibro-moulding PCEA Graftech Major Petroleum Extrusion PCIB Graftech Minor Petroleum Iso-moulding PPEA Graftech Major Pitch Extrusion IG-110 Toyo Tanso Minor Pitch Iso-moulding IG-430 Toyo Tanso Minor Petroleum Iso-moulding LPEB Graftech Minor Needle Extrusion LPIB Graftech Minor Needle Iso-moulding
Arjan VreelingOnne Wouters
20111101 Copyright NRG 20
A new HTR European FP7 R&D program
ARCHER – Advanced High-Temperature Reactors for Cogeneration of Heat and Electricity Research & Development
The ARCHER project targets generic R&D in the field of (V)HTR technology, in support of demonstration
IP Coordinator:Sander de Groot
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Upper Port Launcher:Mirror Thermohydraulics & Remote Handling
Upper Port Viewer:Mirror & Shielding
Vacuum Vessel: qualification of alternative manufacturing methods
Vacuum Vessel: qualification of repair welding
Primary Wall & Shield: bolts for attachments of modules
Primary Wall Modules:Pulsed Heat & Neutron Loads
Primary Wall and Divertor: MIM Tungsten; claddings
Alternative heat-sinks
Test Blanket Modules:• Eurofer qualification• Li ceramics behaviour• Beryllium behaviour• LiPb behaviour• Tritium transport• Instrumentation
And:• Prob. Safety Analyses• Fitness for purpose • Remote Handling• Neutronics• Training etc.
Specials: windows; diagnostics; feedthroughs; instrumentation
Fusion Nuclear Technology at NRG
20111101 Copyright NRG 22
ITER vessel and in-vessel
Irradiation stress-relaxation of bolt materials
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0Irradiation dose (dpa) at 300°C
σ/σ
0
16-25% pre-stress uniaxial tensile36-44% pre-stress uniaxial tensile55-65% pre-stress uniaxial tensileBending stripsSTROBO-01 & -02 pre-stress 26-74%STROBO-01 & -02 bending strips
Inlet/outlet manifolds
First wall panel
Hole to fit flexible support
Flexible supports
Vessel
Shield block
Shear key
Gripping hole
Electrical strap
Inlet/outlet manifolds
First wall panel
Hole to fit flexible support
Flexible supports
Vessel
Shield block
Shear key
Gripping hole
Electrical strap
Alloy 625+ and PH13-08 post-irradiation strength
0
400
800
1200
1600
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
Irradiation dose (dpa)
Yie
ld s
tress
(MP
a)
Yield stress 625+
Yield stress PH13-08Mo