Final Exam:Part 1: 4 marks Find the Author of quotes

Part 2: 6 marks Define terms

Part 3: 4 marks Define Pictures Name, Architect, location, date

Part 4: 6 marks Compare and contrast

Part 5- 15 Marks Memorize the answers

TIME LINE- OLDEST TO NEWEST BUILDINGS: -447-432BCE- Parthenon, Greece

-1220-1269 - Cathedral of Amiens- France

*-1756-1790- Pantheon, Soufflot, France

1774-1778- Ledoux, Royal saltworks of Chaux, Chaux

-1853-1870- Haussmanization of Paris, France

-1863-1875- New Opera- Garnier, France

-1889- Gallery of Machines, France

-1889- Preparation for alteration of the Vienna Ringstrasse

*-1899-1904-Carson, Sullivan, USA

*- 1906- Administration building, Wright, USA , Buffalo

*-1908-1910- Turbine Factory, Behran, Germany

-1911- District XX1- Grosstadt-Otto Wagner

-1922-City for three million inhabitants- Le Corbusier

-1922-Scyscraper, Mies, Berlin, Germany

-1925- Plan Viosin- Le Corbusier, Paris France

-1926- Groupius, Bauhauss, Dessau Germany

-1927- Villa Stein, Le Corbusier, Garche France

-1927-Masterplan , Mies, Stuttgart

-1928-1930- Villa Savoye, Le Corbusier, Poisse, France

-1928-1930- Tugendhat house, Mies, Czech Republic

1929- Barcelona Paviliion, Mies, Spain

1930- Narkomfin Housing complex, Millinis, Moscow, Rusia

1930-Communal housing for textile institution , nikolaiev, Moscow , Russia

*-1930 - Mueller House, Loos, Czech Republic , Prague

1947-1952- United d’habitation, Le Corbusier, Marseilles, France

1947- Regent Park North Housing Project, Toronto, J .E . Hoare

-1949- Glass House, Johnsen,

-1951- Crystal Palace, Paxton, London

-1958- Seagram building, Mies, New York City

*-1958-Manantiales Restaurant –Felix, Mexico –Thin Shell Concrete

-1961-64, Venturi House, Robert Venturi

-1967- US pavilion for Montreal’s 1967 Expo, Montreal, Buckminister- Goedesic Dome

*-1912- 68- Neue Nationalgalerie- Mies, Berlin

-1967-1969- Dominion center, Mies, Toronto

*-1972- Munich Olympic Stadium, - Light-weight tensile structure, 0tt0 Wagner

2004- OMA- Seattle public library , Seatle , US, Rem Koolhaas

-2008- Toledo Museum of Arts-by SANAA, Ohio,

-2008- Beijing Olympic Stadium- H&DM , Beijing

-2008- Golf Stream, Rahm, Italy

Questions:

1) Two different Primitive huts?Marc – Antoinne: Essai sur l’architecture – i.e Post & Lintel- Original form of a hut.Sempar- Carribean hut from exhibition

2) Difference between Tectonic and Atectonic?Tectonic-Necessity, substance, structure,Atectonic- Excess, Image, Ornament.

3) What building has transparency but neither literal or phenomenal?

SANAA- Toledo Museum of arts,

4) White Vs. Greys?

Whites- a lot like conservatives- they use technical features in their designs, (ie. axonometric, more detail oriented) They like understanding architecture – in between themselves(being architectures) –more private.The whites were a lot more detailed, they worried about things like what sorts of shapes could/could not be used & how can it be articulated? Whites are more concerned about systemization of an architectural formal language.

Greys- Very open, and public, and their designs are made so that anyone can understand them ( non architects too) . Designed by the public(architects) for the public.

5) Whats more functional?Pen 1: Pen with a lot of designs, Pen 2: Pen simple and straight forward no designs.?

Therefore Pen 2- Pen without ornaments and determined based on its function.

6) Give an example of a building that has literal transparency & one that has phenomenal transparency.

Literal: Bahaus Dessau- Gropius- 1926, DessauPhenomenal: Le Corbusier, Villa Stein- 1927 , Garches

7) Difference between Taylorism & Fordism: Taylorism: Manufacturing system that focuses on breaking down tasks, and doing them repetitively.

Fordism: Manufactoring system that focuses on supply & demand- low prices items in higher quantity.

8) How is architecture related to ecology? Ecology is the branch in biology that deals with organisms in their living environments. In architecture we need to know the way people are living , and how they interact in order for us to build buildings. We have to have a plan and decide how they will be living in their modes of life.

9) What is the difference between Red Vienna, and New Frankfurt housing? Red Vienna: Garden city movement- expense of homes with gardens New Frankfurt housing: Existenzminimum ?

Similaries?

Lack of human scale in designs for both groups.

10) What is the difference between Ecole de Beaux-arts /Polytechnique/Bahaus arts.? Ecole de beaux-arts- Focused on the over all drawings-Francois Blondel

Polytechnique: Focused on particular parts, in step by step process,(i.e-10 different types of doors) more analytical and detailed – Louis Durand- what you learned in 15 years – you would learn here in 3 months (like a military school)

Bahaus Arts: Walter gropius – This guy basically came up with this school-free design.

LECTURE 1 NOTES:

18th Century- 20th Century:

(1793-1968) Beaux Arts: More hands on and focusing on the overall design.FRANCOIS BONDEL- COURSE’D’ARCHITECTURE – 1698Polio- D’architecture

Johannes Itten, Gropius,

(1794-Present) Polytechnique : More into steps, and going into details about planning, and elevation of final product. John-nocholas –louis Durand, famous for teaching polytechnique, to his classes. It was like military school, what you learned in 15 years, you’d end up learning in 3 months. Pretty cool eh?? I know : D

20th Century

(1919-1933) Bahaus : Community center looking building. BAHAUS ART BUILDING - WALTER GROPIUS – BAHAUS DESSAUS 1926 TRIANGLE DRAWINGS SKETCH- WALTER GROPIUS , BAHAUS MANIFESTO - 1919

COMPARE:

LECTURE QUESTION: What is a “history of the present”?Not a history of the past in terms of the present

LECTURE 2 NOTES:

Utopia; Imaginary ideal place contructed when one wants to be in.Dystopia : Imaginary fearful place constructed by someone, where no on wants to be

FRITZ LANG Metropolis 1927

Globalization: 16th century- It is basically making more connections worldwide, and spreading on the global scale.

First: Industrial Revolution: 18th Century

First Agriculture revolution: 18th Century

Second Agriculture revolution: 19th Century. French Revolution: 1789

Engels – 1845 – Working class 2 New Classes of people evolves: - Bourgoise – Middle class (lawyers), Proletariot (laborers)

Blasé Attitude:- When people show the indifference attitude

Engels said – Modern metropolis- segration of Classes- women from men, rich from poor.

Owen – 1841- The Plan of a self supporting home colony-

MODERNIZATION IN PARIS: MODERNIZING THE METROPOLIS 1HAUSSMANIZATION- 1853- 1870- PARIS

-Haussmenn- 1841- Hired by the king, to reconstruct the medival looking paris- which looked utopia (because of the the nice looking buildings) dystopian (because of the jail looking walls)

Paris before- dense walls- so that rich people would not end up contacting with the poor people face to face if they ever walk outside (hierarchical spacing)

Paris after being designed by Haussmenn – Open space for everyone to socialize- all classes of men. (see deign by – 1873- Boulevard Des Cappucine- Monet

HAUSSMANS PHOTO- Haussmanization of Paris- 1853-1870- __________________________________________________________

MODERNIZATION IN VIENNA AND SITTE: MODERNIZATION OF THE METROPOLIS 2

CAMILLO SITTE- City according to its artistic principle- 1889. CAMILLO SITTE – PROPOSAL FOR ALTERING VIENNA RINGSTRASSE 1889Vienne- Ringstrasse—1860 – Vienna –

Sitte- Wagner : Sitte thought that ringstrasse is too modern, too instrumental, too ration.

WAGNERS DESIGN- STRUCTURE FOR CUTTING THROUGH THE RINGS OF VIENNA 1911 (ALSO SEE DISTRICT XX11)

Wagner thought that ringstrasse is not modern, not rational, not instrumental

Wagner- Ringstrasse like ring- idea was to cut through the rings.

QUESTION1 : HOW TO DEAL WITH PRE-INDUSTRIAL CITY CENTER? -Demolish like Haussmenn, -Than modernize- (Haussmanization of ringstrasse )

QUESTION2: HOW TO EXPAND A METROPOLIS: -Center- Have the center of the city be constructed in a very dense manner (like eaton center- heart of Toronto)-Periphery- Wagner-Sattelight- Make gardens surrounding the outside of the city, to make city beautiful like satellights that surroing the earths core.

QUESTION3: HOW TO ORGANIZE THE SPACE OF A METROPOLIS: -Built/open, -Private/ Public -Streets/ open streets

MODERNIZATION OF THE METROPOLIS 3- CIAM (international congress of modern architecture)

Avante Garde- Group of people that challeneged academicism , and claimed to be at the forefront of artistic development.

PICTURE LE CORBUSIARS- 1922- City for 3 million inhabitants ALSO CORBUSIERS PLAN VOISIN ( 1925)AFTER 10 YEARS HE planned a design 1935 in where ABCD- Act was put into his design- they were basically cities separating certain functions ; like factories, industries, business etc)

THAN in 1943- We wrote his book- Charter of Athens By this time, although his ideas were kind of not put into act- In Paris they changed the structure- -Like the center spot was quadrupled density wise. – and the other areas were made to be all green- In this case Wagners ideas were not put in act not was Haussmens.

POST MODERN CRITIQUES OF MODERNIZATION ATTEMPTS ( after modern)

1972- DEATH OF MODERN- announced by Le Corbusiar

DEATH AND LIFE OF GREAT AMERICAN CITIES – 1961- JACOB (book)

1977- :LEARNING FROM LAS VEGAS – VENTURI –

LECTURE 3

Media: Channel of communication.COLOMINA- 1997- Bathroom

LE CORBUSIER- PLAN VOISIN- 1925-TOWARDS AN ARCHITECTURE – 1923

-GROPIUS- 1925-1926 – BAHAUS DESSAU

-ROHE- 1922- GLASS SKY CRAPER BERLIN.

ROHE- 1927- MASTERPLAN

TOWARDS AN ARCHITECTURE – CORBUSIER- 1923

ROHE- BARCELONA PAVELLION, BERCELONA – 1929

ROHE- BARCELONA PAVILLION- 1929, BARCELONA

MoMa(museum of Modern Art) - - 1932 – Bar – it just formulated what is post art and modern art.

JOHNSON, HITCHCOCK- 1932- MoMA

Modern Archecture(viewed as jewishness/ruthlessness)- Modern Media ( MoMA changes the title to make it into universal style)

MoMA Exhibit- Post Modern Moment- 1975. Architecture of the Ecole de Beaux arts- Drexler - 19754

Drexler- thought that arhitectus put too much effort in making the building look like its original design, like how Rohe had much emphasis should not be put on making it exactly the same as it looks. [ MODEL SHOULD NOT BE SYNONYMOUS WITH ITS BUILDING]

What is Axonometric: The technique of using parallel lines to make it look parallel

Perspective: The technique to use parallel lines to give it convergence, in order to show depth.

WHITE VS. GREY

LECTURE 4

1) Mies Van Der Rohe - 1922- Glass Skyscraper- Berlin- 1928-1929, Barcelona Pavillion, Barcelona- 1928-1930- Tughendat House, BRNO - 1958-Seagram, New York City- 1962-1968- Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin- 1967-1969- Toronto, Dominion Center, - Not in this lecture: But still keep at back of your head. Bercellona

Pavillion , Barcellona,

Entasis: The columns that projects from walls, that have a little curve. Seem usually in Temples.

Pilaster: The columns that extend from walls, that have a rectangular shape, keeping it to look straight.

Frampton- says about tectonics? “ Art of joining”

Orthogonal: Striaght Lines that have one center point, involving right angles. Grid: Basic set of lines, that are parallel to one another, in vertical and horizontal sets.

2) Cathedral of Amiens, - 1220-1269 ,

3) Parthenon- Greece, Athens, 474 BC- 432 BCE.

4) Lintel and Post- Lintel is basically the stone lying on top of the post, which is typically the one carrying Lintel’s weight.

5)What is : -Ribbed Vault: Is basically with pointed arches, -Domes: Circular, on top . -Arch: Basically the curve shaped.

6) Flying Buttresses: Basically when the load / weight is sliding from the side- it is seen in the Cathedral of Amiens.

7)Pantheon, J.G Soufflot- 1757-1790, Paris : Looks similar to Parthenon from front, but behind it is more round, and the overall structure looks like a plus sign.

8) Stereotomy: Similar to masonry, it is the analytical thinking process of cutting stone in many different ways, than resembling it back together. Very Abstract.

9) Crystal Palace, John Paxton, 1951 , London –

10) Los Manantiales Restaurant- 1958, Felix, - What technique? THIN SHELL CONCRETE- thin shell of concrete.

11) US Pavillion for 1967 Montreal Expo – 1967 -What technique used? BuckministerGoedesic dome- is a dome

12) Munich Olympian Stadium- 1972, Otto-What technique used? -Lightweight tensile structure- held by strings sort of .

13) Structural Expression: Basically when a building is designed to look like the things it offers, like for example the Saarinen terminal (1962) for airplanes that looks like a bird.

LECTURE 5Transparency? – Modern movement.

1) Dominion Center- 1967-1969- - Transparency seen .

2) SANAA – Toledo Museum of Art, Ohio: Bubble diagrams, looks like “U’s

3) Poche: Shaded area (indicating walls) or solids. in architectural designs.

4) Seagram building, Mies, : 1958, New York City

5) GIVE A VERY STRONG DEFINITION OF TECTONICS: Well Tectonics is basically the answer to these questions.

a) How the structure looks, vs .how is appears to lookb) How the structure is put together, vs . how is appears to look together, c) What the structural logic is , vs. how the structural logic is expressed.

6) GIVE A VERY STRONG DEFINITION OF ATECTONICS: and state the differences.

7) Sejima Quote: All glass is opaque- and you can see through is

8) PARIS OPERA: Garnier, 1863-1867, Paris – Atectonic- People walking all over the place

9) GIEDION QUOTE: Only has one quote- its about being transparent inside and out, you can see things from outside, as well as see through from outside to see the inside. (talks about Picasso)

10) LITERAL TRANSPARENCY VS PHENOMINAL TRANSPARENCY. Literal: Transparency: Clear, Sees Transparency as a material, Team Gropius

Phenominal: Not clear, sees transparency as a space, an Team Corbusier. VERY VERY VERY IMPORTANT:

-GROPIUS: BAUHAUS, DESSAU, 1926 - Literal Transparency

-LE CORBUSIER, VILLA STEIN , GARCHES,

-1927 - Phenominal Transparency- ( a lot of grids on actual design) ( looks like a gun)

-1928-1930- VILLA SAVOYE, Poissy.

-11) OMA - GRAND BIBLIOTHEQUE DU FRANCE, 1898 – unbuilt project

12) Moholy-Nagi- Light spaced Modulator- 1930 - Berlin&& also the Scweiss-Weiss- Germany

LECTURE 6 1) Functionalism: The structure of the object should be based on its

function. – Focuses primarily on the basic elemants rather than ornamental designs.

2) Fiction of function: The claim that objects built before modernism are not as functional as modernism objects. (Before more ornamental)

3) H&DM- 2008, Olympic Stadium , Beijin.

4) ADOLF LOOOSE: Ornament and crime- Ornamenta is waste- more ornamental shit are expensive, - ornament useless, and did not add anything to the use value- just for fashion and design. I.e- Ribbed vaulting is ornamental- its just a door, right? There is no use of arches? It can just be square? What is the use? “ Simplify the house” Quote

Look at his example of the Mueller House- 1930- Prague

But Le Corbusier argues otherwise- Ornamental stuff are not expensive.

5) SULLIVAN- Carson- 1899-1904 , Chicago. – “ Form follows function” – Basically means that the structure is most important, than the appearance.

6) LE CORBUSIER- White walls- everything white- looks clean.

-HIS FIVE POINTS: -P-oint-F-ree plan-F-ree facade-H-orizontal windows -R-oof

LECTURE 7

1) BEHREN- Turbine Factory- Berlin- 1908-1910

2) AEG ARC LAMP before Behran- 1906 vs- AEG Arc LAMP After Behran- 1908 . ( More suttle- and clear directness of its function)

3) FORDISM: A manufacturing system, developed by Henry Ford himself, the famous auto mobile manufacturer- This system is basically when he uses less time consuming mass production methods, and lowers the price, of the overall product, so a lot of people buy it, at a decent price. He paid his workers a good wage too.

VS

4) TAYLORISM- Scientific Management.\

5) FL WRIGHT- LARKIN ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, 1908- Buffalo.

6) “ A home is not a house” Francois

7) Environmental quote – Banham

8) SPACE = ENVIRONMENT?

-Aesthetic vs- PerformanceEuropean(artistic) vs- American {Technological)

9) ERGONOMICS: Scientific study of the efficiency of man in his own environment.

10) 3 IMPORTANT THINGS- TECTONICS = PERFORMANCE -STRUCTURE = MECHANICAL SYSTEMS! -SPACE = ENVIRONMENT

Lecture 8

Existenzminimum: minimum dwelling, dwelling that provides minimal space, air and transportation.

Gentrification: A renewal process, that accompanies middle class people to detoriating places, this often displaces the poorer people.

Social Condenser: A spacial arrangement, that transforms the social interaction amongst the people in the area that they occupy.