test03_science8

VIRGINIA

STANDARDS OF LEARNING ASSESSMENTS

Spring 2003 Released Test

GRADE 8SCIENCE

Property of the Virginia Department of Education� 2003 by the Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education, James Monroe Building, 101 N. 14th Street,Richmond, Virginia, 23219. All rights reserved. Except as permitted by law, this material may not be reproduced orused in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by anyinformation storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Commonwealth ofVirginia public school educators may photocopy or print any portion of these Released Tests for educational purposeswithout requesting permission. All others should direct their requests to the Commonwealth of Virginia Departmentof Education at (804) 225-2102, Division of Assessment and Reporting.

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DIRECTIONSRead each question carefully and choose the bestanswer.

SAMPLE

These animals are grouped togetherbecause all of them —

A live in the water �

B are fishC are warm-bloodedD lay eggs

1

The picture shows dinosaur tracksfound in rocks. How many dinosaursleft their tracks here?

A 2B 4 �

C 14D 24

2 Which of these best completes thestatement about the interaction of therespiratory system with the circulatorysystem? The lungs add —

F nutrients to the bloodG bile to the bloodH oxygen to the blood �

J carbon dioxide to the blood

3 Which of these will cause water tochange to ice?

A Removing heat from the water �

B Stirring the waterC Adding salt to the waterD Putting the water in the sunlight

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22003 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education

4

Crickets chirp to attract other crickets.The temperatures and rates of theirchirping are graphed above. Whichstatement below is most likely true forthe data represented in the graph?

F The cooler the temperature, the louderthe crickets chirp.

G The crickets cannot chirp attemperatures lower than 10�C.

H The warmer the temperature, the moreoften crickets chirp. �

J The temperature and the chirping ofcrickets are not related.

5

Which of the following elementsbelongs to the family indicated?

A Nitrogen belongs to the halogen family.B Helium belongs to the noble gas

family. �

C Calcium belongs to the alkali family.D Sodium belongs to the alkaline earth

family.

Cricket Chirping C

hir

ps

(per

min

ute

)

Temperature (°C)

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0201510 25

87

Fr

55

Cs

37

Rb

19

K

*

39

Y

21

Sc

11

Na

3

Li

88

Ra

56

Ba

38

Sr

20

Ca

12

Mg

4

Be

85

At

53

I

35

Br

17

Cl

9

F

1

H

1

86

Rn

54

Xe

36

Kr

18

Ar

10

Ne

2

He

18

84

Po

52

Te

34

Se

16

S

8

O

16 17

83

Bi

51

Sb

33

As

15

P

7

N

15

82

Pb

50

Sn

32

Ge

14

Si

6

C

14

81

Tl

49

In

31

Ga

80

Hg

48

Cd

30

Zn

79

Au

47

Ag

29

Cu

13

Al

5

B

13

1211

2

3

4

Z

alkaline earth metals

Group

Period

halogens

noble gases

alkali metals

1

2

3

4

5

6

7


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6

Lemmings are small mammals thatexperience a population explosionabout once every four years. Snowyowls eat lemmings. Which of thesestatements is supported by the data inthis graph?

F The snowy owls are becoming extinct.G Lemmings live much longer than snowy

owls.H The habitat of the lemmings is

continuously decreasing in size.J The snowy owl population increases

because of an increase in lemmings. �

7 Which of these has the greatestnumber of different simple machines?

Lemming and Snowy OwlPopulations

Years

Num

ber

of In

divi

dual

s

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

LemmingsSnowy Owls

A

B

C

D

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8 The atom is composed of electrons,protons, and neutrons. What is theelectric charge on the neutron?

F �1G �1H 0 �

J �2

9 A tick that feeds on the blood ofanimals is a —

A predatorB hostC competitorD parasite �

10 The distance between one point on acompression and the correspondingpoint on the next compression in asound wave is called a —

F wavelength �

G rarefactionH crestJ trough

11 Which of the following do typical plantcells have that typical animal cellsdo not?

A CytoplasmB NucleiC MitochondriaD Chloroplasts �

12

What is the mass of the rock?

F 335.6 gG 350.6 gH 354.6 g �

J 356.0 g

gram

gram

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Tenths

0

200 300 400 50

300 40 50 60

3 4 5 6


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13

The picture shows the results ofputting a drop of orange ink from amarking pen on a piece of filter paperand allowing the colors in the ink toseparate. About how much farther onthe filter paper has the yellow pigmentmoved than the red pigment?

A 0.5 cmB 1.6 cm �

C 2.7 cmD 3.5 cm

Note that due to varying printer properties,measurement items may not appear in exactproportions.

14 The kangaroo rat is able to get all ofthe water it needs through its foodand, therefore, never needs to drinkliquids. This animal has adapted tosurvive in which biome?

F ForestG TundraH Desert �

J Grassland

15 The science of astronomy is concernedwith the observation and analysis ofthe movements of celestial objects. Theinvention of which instrument wasmost helpful to the advancement ofastronomy?

A Telescope �

B MicroscopeC CameraD Geiger counter

1C

M2

03

45

67

Yellow Ink

Red Ink

Orange Ink


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16 There are many reasons why the use ofoil needs to be managed carefully.Which of the following is not one ofthese reasons?

F There are only limited supplies of oil inthe Earth.

G Oil spills at sea have killed manymarine animals.

H Burning oil contributes to acid rain andthe greenhouse effect.

J Oil was created by plants andanimals. �

17 Several centuries ago, men calledalchemists tried to transform commonmetals into gold. Even though theytried many different chemical andphysical methods, they neversucceeded because —

A they could not heat common metals toextremely high temperatures

B the common metals they worked withwere not pure

C they did not add the correct material tothe common metal

D elements cannot be changed to otherelements by physical or chemicalmeans �

18

The chart shows the results of anexperiment to test the effects ofdifferent plant lights on plant seedlinggrowth. Which group of plants showedthe greatest gain in height?

F Group 1G Group 2H Group 3 �

J Group 4

Group GroupSize

Brandof

ArtificialPlantLight

Average Height2 Weeks After

Using Plant Light(cm)

Average HeightBefore UsingPlant Light

(cm)

25

25

25

25

1

2

3

4

A

B

C

D

5.4

5.3

5.2

5.5

28.0

27.0

28.0

25.5


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19 Mercury is a liquid metal that is usedin many thermometers. The mercury inthe thermometer rises because it —

A is sucked upward by vacuumB expands when heated �

C is compressed by air pressureD increases in density when heated

20 Which of these could cause a decreasein the number of squirrels in apopulation?

F An increase in cooperation with birds inthe area

G An increase in the squirrels’ territoryH An increase in competition with other

nut-eating animals �

J An increase in the squirrels’ food supply

21

The picture represents five red bloodcells seen through a microscope. Thelines represent a scale also visiblethrough the microscope. Each divisionon the scale represents onemicrometer. Use the scale to estimatethe diameter of the average red bloodcell.

A 4—5 micrometersB 7—8 micrometers �

C 10—11 micrometersD 12—13 micrometers

Scale


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22 Which level of organization below isthe most basic or primary level oforganization?

F Cell �

G TissueH OrganJ Organ system

23 Ellen noticed that she often sneezeswhen she visits her friend Robert, whohas a cat and a parrot. Ellen wondersif she may have allergies to Robert’spets and decides to conduct a scientificinvestigation. What should Ellen donext?

A Ellen should tell Robert that she cannotvisit him until he gives away his pets.

B Ellen should visit Sue who has a horse,a dog, a goldfish, and a hamster.

C Ellen should call her doctor and insistthat she needs shots for allergies.

D Ellen should visit a friend who has onlycats and one who has only parrots. �

24 Because burning fossil fuels createsmuch pollution, alternatives are beinginvestigated. What might limit the useof wind as a major energy source?

F The strength of the wind varies. �

G Wind machines have huge blades tocapture the wind.

H Turbines and generators in the windmachines create electricity.

J Wind power does not create pollution.

25 Sponges are classified as animalsbecause they cannot —

A move from place to placeB make their own food �

C get rid of waste productsD catch their own food

26

Which of the following is shown in thisdiagram?

F Alternating currentG Short circuitH Series circuitJ Parallel circuit �

27 Which of the following is a physicalproperty of copper?

A Ductile, can be drawn into a wire �

B Liquid at room temperatureC Readily reacts with water to form an

acidD Readily reacts with oxygen

BA

TT

ER

Y


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28 Northern garter snakes exhibit aunique behavior in which they gatherin deep dens by the hundreds orthousands. They then coil together in ahuge ball. This behavior could helpto —

F reduce heat loss �

G increase camouflageH locate food sourcesJ increase oxygen consumption

29 When plants perform photosynthesis,they use sunlight to produce food. Thisis an example of light energy beingconverted to —

A heat energyB electrical energyC mechanical energyD chemical energy �

30 Number of Moths By Year (x100)

Kind

of Moth 1800 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975

light 100 97 90 65 21 10 7

dark 0 3 10 35 79 90 93

Scientists have spent many yearsstudying the peppered moth, which isa species that has adapted its colorfrom light to dark in reaction toenvironmental pollution. Which of thefollowing line graphs represents the datafrom the table?

1900

Year

Num

ber

of M

oths

(x 1

00)

1800

50

25

75

100

1850 1950

Darkmoths

Lightmoths

1900

Year

Num

ber

of M

oths

(x 1

00)

1800

50

25

75

100

1850 1950

Darkmoths

Lightmoths

1900

Year

Num

ber

of M

oths

(x 1

00)

1800

50

25

75

100

1850 1950

Lightmoths

Darkmoths

1900

Year

Num

ber

of M

oths

(x 1

00)

1800

50

25

75

100

1850 1950

Darkmoths

Lightmoths

F

G

H

J

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31 Mendel’s early work with pea plantsdemonstrated a significant geneticdiscovery. The crossing of homozygoustall pea plants with homozygous shortpea plants always resulted in tallplants and demonstrated that tallnessin pea plants is a trait that is —

A blendedB dominant �

C mutatedD recessive

32

At which of these points is it 12:00noon?

F 1G 2H 3J 4 �

33 Which of the following is an example ofkinetic energy?

A A baseball moving from the pitcher tothe catcher �

B A rock sitting on the top of a large hillC A pendulum at the top of its swingD A new flashlight battery

34 Many scientists believe that nuclearfusion will become a possible energysource within the next 10 years. Whatresource would be most effective intracking the progress of this energysource?

F The local newspaperG A chemical encyclopediaH A physics textbookJ Scientific periodical �

35

Objects with like charges repel andunlike charges attract. The girl’s hairand the comb have —

A unlike charges �

B like chargesC neutral chargesD no charges

Sun’sLight

NorthPole

1

2

3

4


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36

The loss of which of these would havethe least effect on the water cycle?

F SoilG RiversH Animals �

J Plants

37 Which of these processes helps extractenergy from food?

A ReproductionB Digestion �

C ExcretionD Circulation

38 Which of these is a change in chemicalcomposition?

F A lake freezes solid.G Gravel, sand, and water are mixed.H A copper bar is rolled into a flat sheet.J Vinegar bubbles when baking soda is

added. �

39

The picture shows a test for non-slipsurfaces to be used on a ramp. Whichof these must be done to provide moremeaningful results?

A Use the same shoe on each surface �

B Use boards of the same thicknessC Use the same shoe size for each type of

shoeD Use shoes with soles designed for sports

The Water Cycle

Precipitation

Evaporation

Transpiration

Runoff water

Condensation

RiverOcean

0

2

4

6

8

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ozg

0

2

4

6

8

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ozg

0

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40

PlanetAverage Distance

from Sun (kilometers)

Earth 149.5 million

Jupiter 777.3 million

Mars 227.9 million

Mercury 57.9 million

Venus 108.2 million

According to this chart, which planetwill most likely have the highesttemperatures?

F EarthG MarsH Mercury �

J Venus

41

According to this diagram, both ofthese fish —

A eat bacteriaB give off toxic wastesC take in minerals through their gillsD get their energy from other animals �

42

At which point is the magnetic fieldthe strongest?

F Point 1 �

G Point 2H Point 3J Point 4

43

The picture above illustrates thehabitat of a population of animals andits distance from the nearest watersource. How far does an animal have totravel to obtain water?

A 6 centimetersB 12 metersC 50 metersD 300 meters �

Planktonand

Algae

BacteriaAction

Death

Potassium,Calcium, and Other Minerals

N S

2

4

1 3

Habitatof

animalWater

1 2 3(centimeters)

4 5 6

1 centimeter = 50 meters


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44 Most of the hereditary informationwithin the cell is carried in the —

F ribosomesG vacuolesH chromosomes �

J Golgi bodies

45 The time in which Earth makes onerevolution around the sun isapproximately one —

A year �

B seasonC monthD day

46 Which picture illustrates the structureof a molecule of water?

HeHe

O

HeO

O

OH

H

HeH

O

F

G

H

J

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47

These birds all live in Virginia. One ofthe bird’s main sources of food is thenectar inside long, trumpet-shapedflowers. A second bird eats mostlyrodents. The third bird often is seenpecking into the bark of the local treesto get the insects just inside. Whichof the following lists has correctlymatched the pictured birds with theirdiets?

A Ruby-throated Hummingbird–nectar;Red-tailed Hawk–insects;Yellow-bellied Sapsucker–rodents

B Ruby-throated Hummingbird–insects;Red-tailed Hawk–nectar;Yellow-bellied Sapsucker–rodents

C Ruby-throated Hummingbird–rodents;Red-tailed Hawk–nectar;Yellow-bellied Sapsucker–insects

D Ruby-throated Hummingbird–nectar;Red-tailed Hawk–rodents;Yellow-bellied Sapsucker–insects �

48

Which of these elements has an atomicnumber of 14?

F NG AlH Si �

J P

49 In which biome would you find themost variety of life?

A TundraB DesertC GrasslandD Rain forest �

50 Tearing paper is an example of a —

F physical change �

G chemical changeH chemical reactionJ solution

Ruby-throatedHummingbird

Red-tailed Hawk Yellow-belliedSapsucker

5BBoron10.811

13AlAluminum26.9815

6CCarbon12.011

14SiSilicon28.0855

7NNitrogen14.0067

15PPhosphorus30.97376


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Answer KeyTest

SequenceCorrectAnswer

ReportingCategory Reporting Category Description

1 B 019 Earth and Space Systems

2 H 017 Life Systems

3 A 016 Force, Motion, Energy, and Matter

4 H 015 Scientific Investigation

5 B 016 Force, Motion, Energy, and Matter

6 J 018 Ecosystems

7 C 016 Force, Motion, Energy, and Matter

8 H 016 Force, Motion, Energy, and Matter

9 D 018 Ecosystems

10 F 016 Force, Motion, Energy, and Matter

11 D 017 Life Systems


13 B 015 Scientific Investigation

14 H 018 Ecosystems

15 A 019 Earth and Space Systems

16 J 019 Earth and Space Systems

17 D 016 Force, Motion, Energy, and Matter


19 B 016 Force, Motion, Energy, and Matter

20 H 018 Ecosystems

21 B 015 Scientific Investigation

22 F 017 Life Systems

23 D 015 Scientific Investigation


25 B 017 Life Systems

26 J 016 Force, Motion, Energy, and Matter


28 F 018 Ecosystems

29 D 016 Force, Motion, Energy, and Matter

30 F 015 Scientific Investigation


32 J 019 Earth and Space Systems


34 J 015 Scientific Investigation


36 H 018 Ecosystems


38 J 016 Force, Motion, Energy, and Matter

39 A 015 Scientific Investigation

40 H 019 Earth and Space Systems

41 D 018 Ecosystems



44 H 017 Life Systems

45 A 019 Earth and Space Systems




49 D 018 Ecosystems



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