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READING (60 minutes)

I. Read the text below.

REDUCE! REUSE! RECYCLE!

Supertanker hits rocks in storm. Tugs and rescue helicopters standing by.

Thousands of tons of oil spilled into sea. Extensive pollution of coastline

predicted. Clean-up costs could be millions.

Every few years, headlines like these grab our attention. Sadly, we forget them

very quickly. But such disasters are merely dramatic examples of the pollution which is

now part of modern everyday life.Centuries ago, world population was low, cities were small and there were few

factories. A little smoke rising into the air, or some household rubbish thrown into a river

or lake, did not matter very much.

But now the world population is large and is growing rapidly. Moreover, we areencouraged to want more and more things, so we manufacture more and more, causing

pollution. In addition, many products are now made of plastic: we cannot easily destroy

them when we no longer need them without causing even more pollution.Cars and other vehicles choke roads. We breathe in their exhaust fumes daily.

Countless generating stations and factories fill the atmosphere with gases and dump their

poisoned waste into rivers and oceans.Certain gases rise high into the atmosphere and damage the ozone layer, a thin

layer of gas which protects the earth from the suns dangerous rays. This damage has

resulted in global warming. If this continues, climates will change greatly. In particular,

polar ice will melt and sea levels will rise, drowning many islands and low lyingshorelines.

We must reduce our consumption now, and reuse and recycle as much as possible.

Otherwise our planet will become poisoned and choked by its own waste, the result ofour own thoughtlessness and greed.

As individuals, we can do nothing about problems of large-scale pollution. That is

the work of governments. But we should be as responsible as possible in our everydaylife. We should try to keep our environment as clean and tidy as possible, and have

consideration for our neighbors.

supertanker: a large ship that carries oil

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generating stations: a place where electricity is made (generated), usually by

burning oil or coal

dump: to throw away something no longer needed- here waste products frommanufacturing

1. Write the topic of the text on the dotted line below:

.

2. Write the main idea of the text on the dotted line below:

II. Read the text and answer the questions below.

In 1851 Queen Victoria, and the people of London, hosted the first Worlds Fair.

It was called the Great Exhibition and was organized to showcase innovations in industry

at that time. The Crystal Palace, which was an immense glass pavilion built in Hyde Park,demonstrated the talents of the Victorian engineers and set the standard for future

Worlds Fairs. Twenty-eight other countries participated, making it a truly global

exhibition. And, in a world without television, it was a perfect way to witness customsand cultures of people from all over the world. Exhibitions in Paris, Vienna andPhiladelphia followed, each one better, and grander, than the one before. In 1889, Paris

held its Exposition Universelle and unveiled its latest feat of engineering, the Eiffel

Tower. Throughout the twentieth century, countries all over the world took it in turns tohost the Worlds Fair. Since the first one, the celebration of industrial progress has been

at the heart of the Worlds Fairs.

This year, nearly one hundred and fifty years after the first Worlds Fair andthirty-five years since Japan last held it, Aichi Prefecture in Japan hosts Expo 2005 from

March 25th to September 25th. The theme of this years fair is Natures Wisdom. It is a

more reflective look at our quest for all things newer, better and more sophisticated over

the last 150 years. It says technology is good and industrial progress is good, but only ifthey dont harm the Earth. Our

diminishing natural resources and increased levels of pollution have brought us to a point

where we need to consider how to devise technology that will not put the world itself atrisk.

One hundred and twenty-one countries will participate in the fair and Aichi,

which lies between the capital Tokyo and Japans second city Osaka, is expecting in

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excess of 15 million visitors over the 185 days. Aichi, among other things, is home to the

famous Toyota car company.

There are thousands of shows, concerts and rides to keep smiles on even the mostdemanding faces. Think Disneyland meets ancient Japan and youll have some idea of

what to expect. Visitors can expect to be impressed by the entries in the Spanish,

Australian, Nepalese and Canadian Pavilions. The United States pays homage this year toBenjamin Franklin, born exactly 300 years ago, who proved that lightning is electricity.

And the German Pavilion features a ride in which six visitors at a time can experience the

exciting world of biotechnology on a virtual journey from the centre of the earth, throughwater, air and fire.

Fasten your safety belts

The mascots of Expo 2005 are two animated forest sprites who have their own TV

series. Morizo, the Forest Grandfather, and Kiccoro, the Forest Child, will be a familiarsight to all those who attend the fair.

1. When was the last time that Japan held the Worlds Fair?

...

2. What is the theme of this years fair?

...

3. How many countries are taking part in this years fair?

...

4. How many people are expected to attend?

...

5. Name three countries that have particularly impressive Pavilions this year.

...

6. Who is the United States honoring in their Pavilion?

...

7. Where and when was the first World Fair?

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...

8. What was built for the first Worlds Fair?

...

9. How many countries took part in the first Worlds Fair?

...

10. Since it first started, the main purpose of the Worlds Fair has been to celebrate what?

...

III. Read the text and decide if the sentences below are true (T) or false (F).

When young people are asked about what job they would like to have when they are

older the answers given are often predictable. Teenagers often want glamorous careerslike pop star, actor or actress, footballer and so on. Others want practical jobs that they

see as being worthy, jobs like doctor, teacher, policeman etc.

However, choosing a career is one of the hardest things to do. Recent research has found

that more than eighty percent of people in their thirties are in different jobs from the onethey dreamt about in their youth. Although they may have had a clear idea of what they

wanted to do, with time these ideas have changed or the dream bubble burst as reality

dawned.It used to be easier to choose your future career. Boys used to follow in their fathers

footsteps. They would take on the job of their father in the same way as he had taken on

the same job as his father. At least they knew what the job involved and there was amodel to copy. Women used to work in secretarial jobs or caring jobs until they got

married. They would then give up work and have children.

So, what do you want to do when youre older?

1 Most youngsters want the same kind of jobs. _____2 All teenagers want to be pop stars or footballers. _____3 Teenagers think that jobs like teacher or doctor are useful. _____

4 Most people end up doing the job they dreamt about. _____5 The reality of life has no effect on the kind of work people do. _____6 In the past children did the same jobs as their parents. _____7 People didnt use to know what their parents did. _____

8 Women worked after they married. _____

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II. Write about what you did last weekend in the box below. Use between 125-150words.