Test Averages

Second Period 86.00 Fourth Period 82.60 Sixth Period 85.26 Seventh Period Eighth Period

Test Answers 1. A 2. C 3. J 4. C 5. {1 < x < 6} 6. {y < 7} 7. yes 8. no 9. 23 10. {-29, -25, 7}

11. {10, 2, 0} 12. J 13. B 14. f(x) = -2x + 18 15. non linear 16. see next slide 17. the original price

of the car 18 – 20 see next slide.

Months

1 2 3

100005000

Value16 1

8

19 20

Arithmetic Sequences in Recursive Form

Recursive A recursive definition is describing what is

happening from a term to the next term. For example, in the sequence below you are “adding 4.”

7, 11, 15,19, … A recursive formula is a function rule that relates

each term of a sequence after the first one to the ones before it.

You are adding 4 to a term to get the next term. The fact that we are adding 4 over and over makes it recursive.

Arithmetic Sequences

A sequence is a list of numbers that often forms a pattern.

Each number in a sequence is a term.

When the terms of a sequence differ by the same nonzero number, the sequence is an arithmetic sequence.

The same nonzero number that they differ by is called the common difference.

Example 1: Is this an Arithmetic Sequence?

If so, find the common difference and the next three terms.

9, 13, 17, 21,…Step 1 Find the difference between successive terms.

You add 4 to each term to find the next term. The common difference is 4.

9, 13, 17, 21,…+4 +4 +4

Since there is a common difference (4), this is an arithmetic sequence. The common difference is 4 and the next three terms are 25, 29, 33.

The three dots at the end of a

sequence are called an ellipsis.

They mean that the sequence

continues and can read as “and so on.”

Example 2Determine whether the sequence appears to be an arithmetic sequence. If so, find the common difference and the next three terms.

10, 8, 5, 1,…Find the difference between successive terms.

The difference between successive terms is not the same.

This sequence is not an arithmetic sequence.

10, 8, 5, 1,…–2 –3 –4

The variable a is often used to represent terms in a sequence. The variable a9, read “a sub 9,” is the ninth term, in a sequence. To designate any term, or the nth term in a sequence, you write an, where n can be any number.

1 2 3 4… n Position

The sequence above starts with 3. The common difference d is 2. You can use the first term and the common difference to write a rule for finding an.

3, 5, 7, 9… Terma1 a2 a3 a4 an

The “d” in here (common difference) has another name. Keep an eye on it.

Recursive Definition

Example 3

Find the 16th term of the arithmetic sequence.4, 8, 12, 16, …

Step 1 Find the common difference.4, 8, 12, 16,…+4 +4 +4

The common difference is 4.

Step 2 Write a rule to find the 16th term.

The 16th term is 64.

Write a rule to find the nth term.

Simplify the expression in parentheses.Multiply.Add.

Substitute 4 for a1,16 for n, and 4 for d.

an = a1 + (n – 1)da16 = 4 + (16 – 1)(4)

= 4 + (15)(4)= 4 + 60= 64

Example 4

Find the 25th term of the arithmetic sequence.a1 = –5; d = –2

Write a rule to find the nth term.

Simplify the expression in parentheses.

Multiply.

Add.

The 25th term is –53.

Substitute –5 for a1, 25 for n, and –2 for d.

an = a1 + (n – 1)d

a25 = –5 + (25 – 1)(–2)

= –5 + (24)(–2)= –5 + (–48)= –53

Example 5Find the 60th term of the arithmetic sequence.

11, 5, –1, –7, …Step 1 Find the common difference.

11, 5, –1, –7,…–6 –6 –6

The common difference is –6.

Step 2 Write a rule to find the 60th term.

The 60th term is –343.

Write a rule to find the nth term.

Simplify the expression in parentheses.Multiply.Add.

Substitute 11 for a1, 60 for n, and –6 for d.

an = a1 + (n – 1)da60 = 11 + (60 – 1)(–6)

= 11 + (59)(–6)= 11 + (–354)= –343

Example 6: ApplicationA bag of cat food weighs 18 pounds. Each day, the cats are fed 0.5 pounds of food. How much does the bag of cat food weigh after 30 days?Step 1 Determine whether the situation appears to be

arithmetic. The sequence for the situation is arithmetic because the cat food decreases by 0.5 pound each day.

Step 2 Find d, a1, and n.Since the weight of the bag decrease by 0.5 pound each day, d = –0.5.

Since the bag weighs 18 pounds to start, a1 = 18.

Since you want to find the weight of the bag after 30 days, you will need to find the 31st term of the sequence so n = 31.

Example 6 ContinuedStep 3 Find the amount of cat food remaining for an.

There will be 3.5 pounds of cat food remaining after 30 days.

Write the rule to find the nth term.

Simplify the expression in parentheses.

Multiply.

Add.

Substitute 18 for a1, –0.5 for d, and 30 for n.

an = a1 + (n – 1)d

a31 = 18 + (30 – 1)(–0.5)

= 18 + (29)(–0.5)

= 18 + (–14.5) = 3.5

Do one or both…

Find the 23rd term: –4, –7, –10, –13, …

Find the 7th term: a1 = –12, d = 2

Try these…

Determine whether each sequence appears to be an arithmetic sequence. If so, find the common difference and the next three terms in the sequence.

1. 3, 9, 27, 81,… not arithmetic

2. 5, 6.5, 8, 9.5,… arithmetic; 1.5; 11, 12.5, 14

Try these (cont)…Find the indicated term of each arithmetic sequence.3. 23rd term: –4, –7, –10, –13, … 4. 40th term: 2, 7, 12, 17, … 5. 7th term: a1 = –12, d = 26. 34th term: a1 = 3.2, d = 2.67. Zelle has knitted 61 rows of a scarf. Each

day she adds 17 more rows. How many rows total has Zelle knitted 16 days later?

–701970

89

316 rows