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Softsmith Infotech 1
Test Automation Using
Selenium
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Test Automation
Test automation is the use of softwareTo set test preconditions.
To control the execution of tests.
To compare the actual outcomes to predictedoutcomes.
To report the Execution Status.
Commonly, test automation involves
automating a manual process already inplace that uses a formalied testingprocess!
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#hy and #hen To Automate$
%re&uent regression testing
'epeated test case ()ecution is re&uired
User Acceptance Tests %aster %eed*ac+ to the developers
'educe the uman (ffort
Test same application on multipleenvironments
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Test Automation Tools
.uic+ Test /rofessional 0y / 'ational %unctional Tester 0y 'ational I0 Company3 Sil+ Test 0y 0orland
Test Complete 0y Automated .A .A 'un Compuware 3 #atir 4pen Source3 Selenium 4pen Source3 Sahi 4pen Source3
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Selenium
Selenium is a ro*ust set of tools that supportsrapid development of test automation for we*6*ased applications!
Selenium provides a rich set of testing functionsspecifically geared to the needs of testing of awe* application!
Selenium operations are highly fle)i*le, allowing
many options for locating UI elements andcomparing e)pected test results against actualapplication *ehavior!
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Selenium %eatures
Supports Cross 0rowser Testing! TheSelenium tests can *e run on multiple*rowsers!
Allows scripting in several languages li+e8ava, C9, // and /ython!
Assertion statements provide an efficient
way of comparing e)pected and actualresults!
In*uilt reporting mechanism!
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Selenium Components
Selenium I;(
Selenium 'emote Control Selenium
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Selenium I;(
Selenium I;( is an integrated developmentenvironment for Selenium tests!
It is implemented as a %irefo) e)tension, andallows you to record, edit, and replay the test infirefo)
Selenium I;( allows you to save tests as T>,8ava, 'u*y scripts, or any other format
It allows you to automatically add assertions toall the pages!
Allows you to add selenese commands as andwhen re&uired
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Selenium I;( Installation
Using %irefo), first, download the I;( from theSelenium. downloads page #hen downloading from%irefo), you@ll *e presented with the #indow A! Seee)t Slide3
Select Install ow! The %irefo) Add6ons window pops up,first showing a progress *ar, and when the download iscomplete, displays the #indow 0! See e)t Slide3
'estart %irefo)! After %irefo) re*oots you will find theSelenium6I;( listed under the %irefo) Tools menu!
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Selenium Installation
#indow A #indow 0
To run the Selenium6I;(, simply select it from the %irefo) Tools menu! It opensas follows with an empty script6editing window and a menu for loading, orcreating new test cases! See e)t Slide3
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Selenium I;( 6 UI
Start and Stop'ecording
SeleneseScript(ditor
Selenium >og
'eplayTool*ar
AccessorArea
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Selenium 4ptions
Selenium Options allow you to
Set The Te)t (ncoding %ormat
Set the ;efault /age Time 4ut
Set The 0ase U'> recordingoption
Adding Selenium Core and I;(()tension
Add Automatic /age TitleAssertions
There are also other optionsunder development
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'ecoding a Selenium Test Case
4pen %irefo) that has the I;( installed 4pen the *ase U'> of the application to record! eep the application in a common *ase state!
format3
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'unning Dour %irst Selenium Script
a+e sure the application is in thecommon *ase state!
Clic+ on the run *utton! ere you can alsocontrol the speed of the e)ecution usingthe tool*ar
4nce the test is run you can view the testlog in the *ottom of the I;( window
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Creating a Test Suite
In the Selenium I;( youcan create any num*er oftest cases and save themas test suite!
To 'un the test Suite clic+on the E/lay entire testsuiteF *utton as shown*elow!
Test Suite withTest1 G test2
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/laying The test Suite with Test'unner
Test 'unner allows you to run the test case in a *rowser
loaded with the Selenium6Core Test'unner! Test runner is invo+ed *y clic+ing the *elow Shown
*utton in the I;(
4n Clic+ing the Test 'unner 0utton you will thewindow as seen in the ne)t slide
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Test 'unner
Clic+ this *utton to run all the tests
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'unning 4ptions
'un a Test CaseClic+ the 'un *utton to run the currently displayed test case!
'un a Test SuiteClic+ the 'un All *utton to run all the test cases in the currently
loaded test suite!Stop and StartThe /ause *utton can *e used to stop the test case while it isrunning! The icon of this *utton then changes to indicate the'esume *utton! To continue clic+ 'esume!
Stop in the iddleDou can set a *rea+point in the test case to cause it to stop on aparticular command! This is useful for de*ugging your test case!To set a *rea+point, select a command, right6clic+, and from theconte)t menu select Toggle 0rea+point!
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'unning 4ptions
Start from the MiddleDou can tell the I;( to *egin running from a specificcommand in the middle of the test case! This also isused for de*ugging! To set a start point, select a
command, right6clic+, and from the conte)t menuselect SetHClear Start /oint!
Run Any Single Command;ou*le6clic+ any single command to run it *y itself!This is useful when writing a single command! It lets
you immediately test a command you areconstructing, when you are not sure if it is correct!Dou can dou*le6clic+ it to see if it runs correctly! Thisis also availa*le from the conte)t menu!
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Adding Assertions to the Script
Selenese allows multiple ways of chec+ing for UIelements!
erifications and assertions are used to chec+ if
an element is present somewhere on the page$ specific te)t is somewhere on the page$
specific te)t is at a specific location on the page$
erifications and assertions are not one and the
same! If an assertion fails, the script will *e a*orted *ut
if a verification fails the script will continue!
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erification Commands
verifyTextPresentThis command is used tochec+ if a particular te)t ispresent in a page or not!
To add this command , #hile
recording the test steps rightclic+ on the te)t item that youwant verify! 4nce right clic+edyou can find an option EShowall commandsF! 4n Clic+ing ityou will find an option
EverifyTe)t/resentF, select it
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erification Commands
verifyTitle This command is used to
chec+ if the page title iscorrect or not!
To add this command , #hile
recording the test steps rightclic+ any where on the pagethat you want verify! 4nceright clic+ed you can find anoption EShow all commandsF!4n Clic+ing it you will find an
option EverifyTitleF, select it
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erification Commands
verify(lement/resent This command is used to verify
if a page element is present inthe page or not!
To add this command ,#hile recording the teststeps right clic+ anyelement on the page thatyou want verify! 4nce rightclic+ed you can find an
option EShow allcommandsF! 4n Clic+ing ityou will find an optionEverify(lement/resentF, selectit
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erification Commands
verifyalue This method is used to chec+ if
edit *o) has particular value orif the chec+ *o) is on!0asically this method returnsthe value of present in theo*Ject!
To add this command , #hilerecording the test steps rightclic+ any element on the pagethat you want verify the value
of! 4nce right clic+ed you canfind an option EShow allcommandsF! 4n Clic+ing it youwill find an option EverifyalueF,select it!
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Assertions
Assertions are same as erifications!The only difference is, if the assertionsfail the script will a*ort! 0ut the script
will continue run in case a verificationpoint fails!
The steps for inserting the assertions is
same as that of verification point! #hile recording 'ight Clic+ Show allcommandsselect an assertion!
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Assertion Statements
assertTextPresent
This will assert if the te)t is present in the page!
assertText
This will assert if a particular element is having the particular te)t!
assertTitle
This will assert if the page is having a proper title!
assertValue
This will assert if a Te)t *o) or chec+ *o) has a particular value
assertElementPresent
This will assert if a particular UI (lement is present in the page!
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Selenium #ait%or Commands
wait%or/ageTo>oadThis command will ma+e the script to wait till the
page loads!
Synta) is wait%or/ageTo>oadtimeout3K Time out isthe ma)imum time the script will wait for the pageto load!
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4ther wait%or Commands
wait%orAlertThis command will wait for the alert message to appear
wait%orTa*leThis command will wait for the #e* ta*le to completely
load in the pagewait%orTitle
This command will for the page Title to appear on the*rowser!
4ther wait%or commandsSelenium has several other wait command li+ewait%orTe)t, wait%or/opup and so on! These commandsare generically called Synchroniation commands
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Store Commands
Store command are used to fetch thevalues from the application and store it ina varia*le! These varia*les can *e used
latter for validation purpose!
The Store command can *e used toretrieve the page title, te)t from the page
and other attri*utes from the application!
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(cho Command
(cho command isused to print the valuein to the selenium I;Slog!
#hen printing avaria*le use LMvarN
There are some
limitations for thismethods this has to *eused with caution
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>imitations of Selenium I;(
Can run the test only on %irefo)
o /rogramming login li+e loops,conditional statements3 can *e applied
Selenium I;( can e)ecute scripts createdin Selenese only!
It is difficult to use Selenium I;( forchec+ing comple) test cases involvingdynamic contents
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Selenium 'C
A solution to cross *rowser testing!A server, written in 8ava and so availa*le
on all the platforms!
Acts as a pro)y for we* re&uests fromthem!Client li*raries for many popular
languages!0undles Selenium Core and automatically
loads into the *rowser
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Installing Selenium 'C
Software 'e&uired 8; 1!7 , selenium6remote6control61!B!" this can *e
downloaded from httpOHHseleniumh&!orgHdownloadH3
Installation /rocedure Selenium 'C is simply a Jar file and to run it we need
Java installed! 8; 1!7 is preferred3
4nce the 8ava is installed Just unip the selenium6
remote6control61!B!"! ip which was downloaded fromthe selenium site to a directory!
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Selenium Test Automation /rocess
%irst
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Selenium Test Automation /rocess
4nce the Selenese script is converted into yourpreferred language you can you can run themusing Selenium Server!
%or running the script you also need the clientdriver for that particular language!
To enhance the script we will re&uire I;( li+enet*eans or (clipse I;(
To Integrate the script and run them as a suitewe will re&uire *uild integration tools li+e avenor Ant!
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ow Selenium #or+s
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'unning a Selenese Test on;ifferent 0rowsers
%ollowing are the steps to create a selenese test suiteand run a test suite using selenium 'C
13 'ecord a test case using selenium I;( and save it as ETest1!htmlFsay3!
23 'ecord another test case using selenium I;( and save its asETest"!htmlF say3!
"3 In this way you can record any num*er of test case using seleniumI;( and save them as PfilenameQ!html
-3 Then Create a ew Test Suite using the %ile enu! See the Image0elow!
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Selenese Suite cont!!
Add the created test cases in to the suite as shownin Image1
4nce the test cases are added to the suite savethem as a test suite as in Image2
The 4pen the command prompt and navigate to
the directory where Selenium 'C server3 isplaced!
In the command prompt (nter the command asshown *elow!
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Selenese Suite cont!!
Command O Java 6Jar selenium6server!Jar
6multiwindow 6htmlSuiteRie)ploreR
RhttpsOHHlocalhostH*oo+storeHRR;Otesta!htmlRRCOresults!htmlE
4nce the command is run theresults will *e stored in the
results!html file as shown*elow!
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Selenium Test Case ;evelopmentUsing 8ava
'e&uired Software
Selenium 'C Server Jar , Selenium 8avaClient ;river Jar , 8; 1!7 , (clipse orany other I;(3, 8unit Jar and testng Jar
%or *uilding the frame wor+ we re&uirecontinuous *uild integration tools li+e Ant,aven or cruise control!
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Client ;rivers
(na*les communication with Selenium 'emote ControlServer!
%unctionality of Selenium is e)posed via these drivers!Availa*le in 'u*y, /ython, 8ava, C6Sharp Vand so on!
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/rocess of ;eveloping Selenium8ava Scripts!
%ollowing are the steps for generating the
test scripts in Java
13 'ecord the Script in Selenium I;( andformat them into 8ava
23 Create a Selenium 8ava proJect in(clipse and load all the necessary Jar
files"3 Copy the formatted 8ava code into the
(clipse and run the test!
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%ormatting the recorded script into8ava
Steps of formatting the code into Java
13 4pen the 0rowser and open the*ase U'> of the application!
23 4pen the Selenium I;( and start
recoding the test steps!"3 4nce the recording is done go to
enu 4ptions %ormat 8avaTest
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Setting Up an (clipse /roJect forSelenium Automation
(clipse is an open source community whose proJects arefocused on *uilding an e)tensi*le development platformfor *uilding 8ava applications and framewor+s! (clipse isone of the *est 8ava I;( and as a matter of face (clipseis much more than a 8ava I;(!
#e can configure a selenium proJect in eclipse and evenrun the scripts from eclipse!
Using eclipse its easy to enhance the recorded script!#e can add power to the recorded script *yparameteriing the test inputs and even validate the
*ac+ values! (clipse also allows us to write reusa*le code for efficient
test automation!
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Installing (clipse
;ownload the E(clipse I;( for 8ava ;evelopersF fromthe httpOHHwww!eclipse!orgHdownloadsH page!
Unip the downloaded ip file from the a*ove site into adirectory!
4nce the unipping is over open the folder and dou*leclic+ on the icon and it will open a dialog *o) asshown *elow!
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Setting up the wor+space
Create a folder say selenium3 in any one of thedirectory and change the wor+space location tothe directory created *y you! Then clic+ o+*utton!
4n doing so you will see the eclipse welcomescreen if you are doing it for the first time! 4n thewelcome screen clic+ on the wor+*ench icon toopen the proJect e)plorer!
#hen you to try to open the eclipse from ne)ttime it will directly show the proJect e)plorer asshown in the ne)t slide!
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(clipse I;(
/ac+age()plorer Scrip iew
console
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Create a /roJect In eclipse
%ileew8ava/roJect
Specify the proJect nameand clic+ finish
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Adding the re&uired 8ars
4pen the folder contain the selenium proJect that youhave Just created! Inside that folder create another folderwith name Eli*F
Inside the li* folder place the following Jar files!
Junit6-!=!1!Jarselenium6Java6client6driver!Jarselenium6server!Jar
testng65!12!Jars
After placing the Jar file in li* come *ac+ to the eclipse
and clic+ on the proJect e)plorer strip and press %5! Doushould see the all the Jar files under the li* folder in theproJect e)plorer as shown in the Image in ne)t slide!
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Selenium >i*raries
C ti + d ddi
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Creating a pac+age and adding aclass file
In the eclipse/ac+age()plorerright clic+ onthe src source3 folder! Inthat select ew/ac+age and give a name
to the pac+age! See the/icture1
ow right clic+ on thecreated pac+age and clic+on newclass and
provide a class name! Douwill see a Java scripttemplate as seen in thene)t slide
( li I;( ith 8 S i t
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(clipse I;( with 8ava ScriptTemplate
Dour I;( should loo+ li+e this
This is where you have copy the8ava code that you formatted in the
Selenium I;(
Addi th 8 fil t th l
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Adding the 8ar files to the classpath
'ight Clic+ on the/roJect
Select 0uild /ath
Configure 0uildpath
4n the ne)t window
clic+ on the li*rariesta* and clic+ on theadd Jars ta*
Addi th 8 fil t th l
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Adding the 8ar files to the classpath
As you clic+ on the addJars *utton a windowshowing all the Jar files
will *e opened! Selectall the Jar files and clic+on o+ *utton
0y doing this step we
are almost ready towrite the script and runit!
C ti th t t i t i id th
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Creating the test script inside theclass file
Copy the code that was formatted in theselenium I;( and paste it in the (clipseI;( script template!
a+e sure the class name that youcreated and the class name in the scriptare same
a+e sure that you have add the methodssetUp and tear;own
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'unning the test through (clipse
Start the Selenium Server %or this open the command prompt and go to the folder
where the selenium server is present! 'un the command EJava 6Jar selenium6server!JarF
The Selenium server will start running and you can seethe message in the command prompt!
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'unning the test through (clipse
4nce the server is up go to the eclipse and right clic+ onthe script!
In that select 'un As8Unit Test! See the image *elow!After this you will get will see that the script has runsuccessfully in the window that@s shown in the ne)t slide!
Selenium 'esults Strip in the
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Selenium 'esults Strip in the(clipse I;(
success
failure
Components of the Selenium test
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Components of the Selenium testScript
setUp method
This method prepares the selenium server to run thetest! This method *asically hoo+s to the selenium serverand opens up the *ase U'> of the application
test methodThe methods with the name test will actually run thetests on the application! There can *e any num*er of testmethods in the app
tear;own methodThis method will run after the end of the test! This testwill disconnect with the server and ma+es room for thene)t tests to run the tests!
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Script iew
(nhancing the Selenium
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(nhancing the Seleniumcommands
The generated selenium command can *eenhanced *y writing Java commands!Using Java methods we can do
parameteriation and data *ase validation!ore over Java methods can *e used forto perform some comple) validations andtesting activities!
The *est way to use Java methods is usedto is have a 8ava I;( li+e eclipse!
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Some 8ava 0asics
ava !ata Types
Int, float, String, char, 0oolean and dou*le
!e"larationsString s X ESeleniumFKInt i X 2BK
float cur X "!"5K
Operators ,H ,Y ,, 6are themathematical operators ,H, Y,have a higher
precedence than or 6
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'elational 4perators
XX (&ual careful3
ZX ot e&ual
QX ess than or e&ual
Q ess than
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/rogramming (lements
#f Conditionif (name != selenium)
{
System.out.print(Tool Changed);
}
lse
{
System.out.print(Tool is o);
}
$oop n timesfor i X BK i P nK n 3
MHH this code *ody will e)ecute n timesHH I from B to n61N
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Use string functions
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;ate %unctions
'e&uired /ac+ages
importJava!util!;ateK
importJava!te)t!Simple;ate%ormatK
Sample Code
()ample 1
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()ample 1 W F is present in it
Implementation Steps13 %irst get the values from the list *o)
23 To get the values from the list *o) or any
other T> element we need to +now its[path! use [path chec+er3
"3 The values ta+en from the list *o) arestored in a varia*le!
-3 Use the inde)4f method to find if ET>Fis present in the e)tracted varia*le!
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Screen Shot of the ()ample Script
[path >ocator
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/arameteriation
/arameteriation is to same run the script withmultiple set of data!
The data will *e stored in a CS file! #e will have write a program to read the values
from the e)cel line *y line and replace thevalues!
%or reading the values from a CS file we willre&uire the following pac+ages
import Java!io!%ileK import Java!io!0uffered'eaderK import Java!io!%ile'eaderK import Java!util!StringTo+enierK
/arameteriation ()ample
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/arameteriation ()ample
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Ant Integration
Ant is a free tool from the Apache 8a+arta i+e \ma+e@ for 8ava W only *etter Uses an [> file to drive its action
()tremely powerful and modular
(asily e)tensi*le #ritten in 8ava so it is cross platform
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To Integrate with AT
;ownload AT and copy it into any of thedirectory
Create a 8AA]4( environment aria*le
Create a AT]4( environment varia*lesAdd the AT *in path to windows path
environment varia*le
Create a *uild file to load all the Jar files andcreate targets to run the selenium tests usingthe *uild file
;efining a folder Structure for
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;efining a folder Structure forSelenium AT tas+
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'unning the AT selenium tas+
Start the selenium server through the commandprompt
Then go the folder where the selenium tests arestored
a+e sure that the *uild!)ml file is present inthat location
ow run the command EantF from the command
prompt Dou can see the test running and the results will
*e saved in the results!t)t file!
Selenium-Grid
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Selenium Grid
Selenium-Grid allows the Selenium-RC solution to
scale for test suites or test suites to be run in multipleenvironments.
With Selenium-Grid multiple instances of Selenium-
RC are running on various operating system andbrowser congurations, each of these when launchingregister with a hub. When tests are sent to the hubthey are then redirected to an available Selenium-RC,which will launch the browser and run the test.
his allows for running tests in parallel, with theentire test suite theoretically ta!ing only as long to runas the longest individual test.
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ow to
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ow to 'un
In a new terminal enter the followingcommand
ant launch6remote6control
0ased on your target file you can runeither in se&uence or in parallel
#h ^ d$
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#hat^s good$
'elatively easy to automate we* UI tests
'ecordH'eplay for regression tests
'C allows integration with CI and8UnitH%itesse tests
#h t^ * d$
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#hat^s *ad$
SpeedO 'C6Q0rowser communication is aspeed *ottlenec+ run in grid, overnight3
UI is *rittle, tests depending on the UI
*rea+ a lot ;ST> might fi) this, pagea*stractions as well3
;ata6*ac+ed tests are not easily
repeata*le integrate with ;0 test engines3
0 t ti
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0est practices
Use Selenium to verify wor+flow andsession
;on^t put Selenium tests in your main
development *uild W run them overnight ave dedicated machines that run tests
!O'(T T)#'* O+ T)#S AS A
REP$ACEME'T +OR E,P$ORATOR-TEST#'.///
>i +
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