Test 4 – Sample Questions

Caution: This is NOT a review. You are still responsible for going

over your notes, power points, readings, and chapters.

Define

• Disease• Parasite• Pathogen• Infection• Invasiveness• Virulence• Infectivity• Septicemia

• Pathology• Etiology• Pathogenesis• Host• Normal Microbiota• Transient Microbiota• Symbiosis• Mutualism

Define

• Commensalism• Parasitism• Microbial Antagonism• Opportunistic• Symptom• Sign• Syndrome• Communicable• Contagious

• Noncontagious• Incidence• Prevalence• Sporadic• Endemic• Epidemic• Pandemic• Acute• Chronic

Define

• Subacute• Latent• Herd Immunity• EID• RID• Local Infection• Systemic Infection• Focal Infection• Secondary Infection

• Subclinical Infection• Reservoir• Zoonoses• Direct Transmission• Indirect Transmission• Fomite• Droplet Transmission• Transmission by a

Medium

Define

• Airborne Transmission

• Vector• Vehicle• Biological

Transmission• Mechanical

Transmission• Vertical Transmission

• Horizontal Transmission

• Portals of Exit• Nosocomial Infection• Compromised Host• Chain of

Transmission• Predisposing Factor• Incubation Period

Define

• Prodromal Period• Period of Illness• Period of Decline• Period of Convalescence• Epidemiology• Descriptive Epidemiology• Analytical Epidemiology• Toxins• Toxemia• Toxigenicity

• Experimental Epidemiology

• MMWR• Pathogenicity• Portal of Entry• Virulence• LD50• ID50• Leukocidins• Hemolysins

Define

• Exotoxins• Antitoxins• Cytotoxins• Neurotoxins• Enterotoxins• Endotoxins• Cytopathic Effects• Cytocidal Effects

• Resistance• Nonsusceptibility• Nonspecific

Resistance• Specific Resistance• Sebum• Leukocyte• Erythrocyte

Define

• Inflammation• Vasodilation• Margination• Emigration• Pus• Stoma• Parenchyma• Fever• Interferons

• Complement System• Differential WBC

Count• Innate Resistance• Serology• Immunity• Antigen• Antibody• Acquired Immunity

Define

• Naturally Acquired Active Immunity

• Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity

• Artificially Acquired Active Immunity

• Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity

• Apoptosis• Antibody Titer

• Humoral Immunity• Cell Mediated

Immunity• T-Cell• B-Cell• IgG• IgM• IgA• IgD• IgE

Define

• Vaccine• Attenuated Whole-

Agent Vaccines• Inactivated Whole-

Agent Vaccines• Toxoids• Subunit Vaccines• Conjugated Vaccines• Nucleic Acid Vaccines

or DNA Vaccines

• Precipitation Reactions

• Agglutination Reactions

• Neutralization Reactions

• Complement Fixation• ELISA• Fluorescent-Antibody

Technique

Is the Uterus Usually germ free?

Who Was David Vetter?What was unusual about him?

What disease did he have?How did he die?

How do different body regions compare in amounts of flora?

What is the mechanism by which microbial antagonism

occurs?

Given a situation, be able to tell what type of relationship is shown.

Example: Parasitism

Know where in the body we don’t usually have microbiota.

Name an opportunistic microorganism.

Cooperation can increase the ____ or a microorganism.

List Koch’s Postulates

List the exceptions to Koch’s Postulates

Given a sign or symptom, be able to tell which it is.

Given a situation, be able to tell if it shows incidence or

prevalence.

Give an example of a latent disease.

What is herd immunity?

Why do we strive for it?

Name EIDs.

What causes EIDs?

Name RIDs.

How is a zoonosis transmitted?

Name common portals of exit.

Know the most frequent nosocomial infections for adults

and infants.

Our body has natural defenses. What weakens their

effectiveness?

Now how we can control nosocomial infections.

Know predisposing factors for disease

Given a situation, be able to tell what type of epidemiology is

shown.

Be able to work a risk ratio.

Who was John Snow? What did he do?

Who is the Main Source of the Main Source of Epidemiological Information in Epidemiological Information in

the United States?the United States?

What is the leading causes of What is the leading causes of Death in the United States for 1-Death in the United States for 1-

34 year olds?34 year olds?

What is the leading cause of death in Oklahoma?

How do capsules aid a bacterium in colonizing a host?

What do M-proteins do?

How is a fibrin clot protective?

What do kinases do?

What is direct damage?

What do we see when endotoxins are released?

How do viruses avoid a host immune response?

List some cytopathic effects.

Infections with Fungi, Protozoa, Fungi, Protozoa, Helminthes, and Algae result in Helminthes, and Algae result in _______ due to _________._______ due to _________.

What composes our first line of defense?

What composes our second line of defense?

Where are the best places for microbes to grow?

How are we protected by theskin

lachrymal apparatussalivary glands

mucusflow of urine

sebumperspiration

gastric juice in stomach

Where do we find lysozyme?

Know the steps of phagocytosis in order.

Know which white blood cells we see most often and least

often in a normal blood smear.

Know when we see an increase in each type of WBC.

What indicates a rising fever?

How do inflammation an a fever differ?

What gland controls your body temperature?

How should we treat a fever?

What is the complement system?

What things affect individual resistance?

What is a gel electrophoresis used for?

Which lymphocytes produce antibodies?

Which type of immunity protects us against extracellular

pathogens?

Which type of immunity protects us against intracellular

pathogens?

Name some childhood vaccinations.

Name a free federal program to give vaccinations to children.

What type of vaccine will provide lifelong immunity.

What is used to inactivate the organism in an Inactivated

Whole-Agent Vaccine?

What type of vaccine requires boosters. Name one.

What type of vaccine is the majority of our flu vaccines?

Describe a Dream Vaccine.

Diagnostic Immunology is a Diagnostic Immunology is a series of series of tests designed to

check for interactions between________