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Transcript of Tesis Bangkok Ieyi 2012
7/23/2019 Tesis Bangkok Ieyi 2012
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MAKTAB RENDAH SAINS MARA ALOR GAJAH
MELAKA, MALAYSIA
Reducing Pollution Cu!ed "# $!ted T#%e!
In T&e S'e Ti'e
E(t%ct )uel Oil
ST*DENTS NAME+
ABDUL AIMAN AKMAL BIN RAHMAT
NORAZA BT HANAFIAH
ADISOR+
MR. MUHD RIZAL BIN MOKHTAR
MARA JUNIOR SCIENCE COLLEGE ALOR GAJAH, MELAKA
JUNE 2012
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Reducing Pollution Cu!ed "# $!ted T#%e!
In T&e S'e Ti'e
E(t%ct )uel Oil
By:
Abdu A!"#$ A%"# b!$ R#&"#'
(
N)*#+# b!$'! H#$#!#&
Ad-!)*:
M*. Mu&d R!+# b!$ Mu%&'#*
T&! '&/! ! ub"!''/d # #*'!# u!"/$' ) '&/ */u!*/"/$' )* I$'/*$#'!)$#
E&!b!'!)$ #$d 3)u'& I$-/$'!)$ ) B#$4%)%,T&#!#$d.
MARA JUNIOR SCIENCE COLLEGE ALOR GAJAH,MELAKA ,MALA3SIA
JUNE 2012
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Dediction nd A--%ecition
F!*' #$d )*/")', 5/ 5)ud !%/ ') '&#$% ') )u* *)6/7' #d-!)* #$d # '&/ '/#7&/* '&#'
&/ u by 4!-!$4 # )' ) !$)*"#'!)$ #$d 4u!d/ 5&!7& #*/ -/*y $//d/d ') #77)"!&
'&! //*!"/$'. T&/y #*/:
1. I*.R#&"#' b!$ 3u)2. M*. Mu&d R!+# B!$ Mu%&'#* 8. M*. N)*y#"ud#* b!$'! Abdu G&#$!9. M*. K#d!* B. K#"!. M*..A+$#" B.R/"!!;. M*. A*! B. M)&#"#d N#+!* <. M*. S!'! Mu$!*#& B'. Abdu M#6!d
=. M*. S/*! 3)$# B'. Id*!>. M*.Mu+!#$# B'. J)&#*
S/7!# '&#$% ') # '&/ '# ) MJSC A)* G#6#&, )u* #*/$', #$d )u* *!/$d Mu&d
A!+udd!$ b!$ Hu!$ 5&) 4#-/ # )' ) u)*' ') u u$'! 5/ 7)"/'/ '&! *//#*7& #$d
5/ &!4&y #*/7!#'/ !'.
TABLE O) CONTENT
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CHAPTER ITEM PAGES
T!'/
D/d!7#'!)$ #$d A*/7!#'!)$
T#b/ ) C)$'/$'
Ab'*#7'
Ab'*#%
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 B#+/ ) Id/#
1.2 B#7%4*)u$d R//#*7&
1.8 ?*)b/" S'#'/"/$'
1.9 Ob6/7'!-/ ) '&/ S'udy
1. Hy)'&/!
1.; Ob'#7/ du*!$4 R//#*7&
1.< I")*'#$7/ ) '&/ S'udy
2 LITERATURE RE@IE
2.1 S)u*7/ ) D!// Fu/ #$d Ty*/
2.2 D!// 7)")$/$'
2.8 Ty*/ 7)")$/$'
8 METHODOLOG3
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8.1 I$'*)du7'!)$
8.2 ?#7/ ) *//#*7&
8.8 M#'/*!#
8.9 E/*!"/$'# D/!4$
9 ANAL3SIS AND DISCUSSION
9.1 A$#y!
9.2 D!7u!)$
CONCLUSION
.1 C)$7u!)$
.2 A!7#'!)$
.8 Fu'u*/ */7)""/$d#'!)$
.8.1 H)5 ') /!$4 '&/ "/ ) u/ )!
*)du7/d
.8.2 H)5 ') /$u*/ '&#' '&/ u#4/ ) '&! u/
)! d!d $)' 7)44!$4 '&/ -/&!7/
/$4!$/
.8.8 Fu*'&/* R//#*7&
REFERENCES
A??ENDI
Reducing Pollution Cu!ed "# $!ted T#%e!
In T&e S'e Ti'e
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E(t%ct )uel Oil
Abdul Aiman Akmal bin Rahmat
Noraza binti Hanafiah
MRSM Alor Gajah, Melaka
Abstract
Increase in energy demand, stringent emission norms and deletion of oil resources led us
to think about an idea of finding alternati!e fuels for internal combustion engines" Many
alternate fuels like Alcohols, #iodiesel, $%G, &NG etc ha!e been already commercialized in thetransort sector" In this conte't, yrolysis of solid (aste is currently recei!ing rene(ed
interest")ur roject (as focused on the continue of the uses of the diesel that used machinery
and to stabilize the rice of the international diesel hence, it also to sa!e tyre from olluting the
mather nature" *he focused of this research is to roduce alternati!e diesel by using (asted bald
tyres, in order for the continueing use of industrial or !ehicle that uses diesel"
*he (asted tyres (ere undergoing a rocess of melting, gradually increasing the
increasing the temerature, boiling, e!aoration and condensation" After undergone those
rocesses, the roducts roduced (hich are diesel oil that contains the imurities of carbon
black, steel and (ater " In order to obtain the oil (ithout the imurities, the rocess of
ree!aoration and recondensation (ere done"
*he last roduct that obtained after the rocess of ree!aoration and recondensation is a
black oil that is +- comletely the same as the commercial diesel" *he !olume of the oil
roduced (as ./- from the amount of tyres 0g1 used to roduced the recycled diesel"
It is comletely ossible for the tyre to turn to diesel through an aroriate method of
e'eriment" In addition, the roducts roduced by turning tyre into diesel2s e'eriment roduced
three usable roducts such as diesel, carbon black and steel (hich can be used in our daily life
and minimize the roduction of these three roduct s through the mining of natural resources"
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*he roerty of the diesel roduced through this e'eriment (as + - comletely the same as
the commercial diesel (hen tested by mi'ing the t(o of them in a beaker"
CATEGORY:ENGINEERING
Reducing Pollution Cu!ed "# $!ted T#%e!
In T&e S'e Ti'e
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E(t%ct )uel Oil
Muhammad Aizuddin bin Hussin
Noraza binti Hanafiah
Mrsm Alor Gajah, Melaka
Abstrak
%eningkatan dalam ermintaan tenaga, norma eleasan ketat dan engurangan sumber minyak
telah memba(a kami untuk memikirkan idea tentang mencari bahan ai alternatif untuk enjin
embakaran dalaman" #anyak bahan ai alternatif seerti alkohol, #iodiesel, $%G, &NG dan
sebagainya telah un dikomersialkan dalam sektor engangkutan" 3alam konteks kajian masa
kini, irolisis sisa eejal semakin mendaat erhatian" %ojek kami bertumukan keada
engunaan diesel yang berterusan tana sebarang ganguan contohnya, masalah kekurangan
bekalan , enstabilan harga diesel antarabangsa dan juga masalah encemaran alam sekitar yang
diakibatkan oleh tayar terbuang" 4okus utama kajian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan diesel
alternatif dengan menggunakan tayar terbuang, dalam usaha untuk memastikan bekalan diesel
berterusan dalam bidang industri atau kenderaan yang menggunakan minyak ini"
3alam enghasilan diesel, tayar tersebut menjalani roses encairan, eningkatan suhu secara
sedikit demi sedikit, emanasan,emelu(aan dan kondensasi" Setelah melalui kesemua roses
ini, roduk yang terhasil adalah minyak diesel yang bercamur dengan karbon hitam, keluli dan
air" 5ntuk mendaatkan minyak tana ada camuran benda asing, roses emelu(aan semula
dan engkondensasian semula akan dilakukan"
%roduk akhir yang dierolehi seleas roses emelu(aan semula dan engkondensasian
semula adalah minyak hitam yang +- sama seerti diesel komersial" Isiadu minyak yang
dihasilkan adalah ./- dariada dariada kuantiti tayar yang digunakan 0g1 untuk menghasilkan
diesel terakai ini"
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Sememangnya, tayar boleh menghasilkan diesel melalui kaedah ekserimen yang sesuai"
*ambahan ula, hasil dariada ekserimen menukarkan tayar keada diesel ini menghasilkan 6
roduk akhir yang berguna dalam kehiduan harian iaitu diesel, karbon hitam dan keluli ,
disaming daat meminimakan enghasilan tiga bahan ini melalui enggalian bahan mentah"
&iri dan sifat minyak diesel yang dihasilkan melalui ekserimen ini, adalah +- sama seerti
seerti diesel komersial"
CHAPTER .
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INTROD*CTION
1. 1 B#+/ ) !d/#
Ab)u' 0 ) '&/ !$'/*$#'!)$# /#d!$4!$du'*!# 7)$!' ) #7')*y #$d
'*#$)*'#'!)$ #*/#. 98 ) '&/ 5)*d 7)$u"/d //7'*!7!'y !$ '&/ #7')*y by u!$4
'&/*"# */#7')* u7& # '&/ 8*d 5)*d 7)u$'*y 5&!7& #*/ C&!$#, I$d!# #$d M)+#"b!u/.
I$'/#d ) '&/*"# */#7')*, )"/ ) '&/ #7')*y u/d b)!/* !%/ '&/ ?#" O! F#7')*y ')
#7' # '&/ "#!$ ))d !$du'*y 5&!7& *)-!d/ ))d !$ d#!y !/. N/', '&/ !d/# #) 7#"/
5!'& '&/ '&)u4&' ) "!dd//#' 7*!! '&#' &#/$/d !$ L!by# #$d I*# b/7#u/ )
'*u44!$4 '&/ )5/* ) '&/ )! uy !$ b)'& ) '&/ 7)u$'*y by '&/ )u'!d/* 7)u$'*y u7&
# A"/*!7#. T&! 7*!! &#d 7#u/d '&/ 5#* #$d )!'!7 7)$!7' )77u**/d !$ '&/ 7)u$'*!/
#$d &#d b/7)"/ '&/ */#)$ ) '&/ *!7/ ) '&/ )! !$7*/#/ #$d &!4&/* d/"#$d ) !'.
O$/ ) '&/ )u'!)$ &#/$/d !$ )u* 7)u$'*y 5# by '&/ /7/!)$ ) 5#'/d 'y*/ #$d
'&/ y$'&/'!7 *ubb/* '&#' &#d b/ bu*$/d by '&/ /)/ !$ )*d/* ') 4/' *!d ) !' '&#' &#d !
u '&/ #$d. Fu*'&/*")*/, '&/ bu*$!$4 ) '&// '5) '&!$4 ! b/7#u/ b)'& ) !' '))%
#")' 200 y/#* ') d/7#y $#'u*#y. T&/ *)b/" ! &)5 5/ 5#$' ') 4/' *!d ) '&/ 'y*/bu' #' '&/ #"/ '!"/ 4!-/ b/$/!' ') u #$d d)/ $)' &#*" '&/ /$-!*)$"/$'. A'&)u4& ,
'&/*/ ! */'*/#d!$4 'y*/ !$du'*y, !' )$y 7)-/* #b)u' 10 ) '&/ "!!)$ ')$ )
5#'/d 'y*/ #$d !' ! )$y )* '&/ u/ ) &/#-y -/&!7/ u7& # 7#* #$d )**!/. I$
#dd!'!)$, '&/ "!$/*# )u*7/ ) )u* 7)u$'*y &#d #) /'!$7' *)" d#y ') d#y. T&! 7#$ b/
*)-/$ by '&/ *//#/d '#'/"/$' by ?/'*)$# !$ 2001 5&!7& #!d, !$ 1= y/#* !$ '!"/,
)u* )! 5/ d!44/d )* b/7)"/ /"'y. T&! 5! b/ '&/ )b'#7/ ) '&/ 7)$'!$u/!$4 '&/
u/d ) !$du'*!# -/&!7/ '&#' u/ d!//. S), by */#!+!$4 '&/ "/'&)d ) 'u*$!$4 'y*/
!$') d!// #$d !$') #$)'&/* '5) u#b/ *)du7' 5&!7& #*/ '// #$d 7#*b)$ b#7%, 5/
7#$ )-/*7)"/ '&/ *)b/" '&#' '#'/d. I '&! *)du7' ! 7)""/*7!#, !' 7#$ b/ u/d !$
'&/ 7)$'!$u/!$4 ) '&/ u/ ) !$du'*!# -/&!7/ # '&/ #'/*$#'!-/ u/ 5&!7& 7)$!d/*/d
# B '&#' 7)$'#!$ ) b!)d!// #$d '&/ #$)'&/* '5) *)du7' 7#$ b/ "#d/ u/ #
/$7! /#d, '// b)dy ) 7/*'#!$ /u!"/$' #$d "#$y ")*/. H/$7/, !' #) 7#$ */du7/
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'&/ )u'!)$ ) '&/ ")'&/* $#'u*/ 7#u/d by '&/ 5#'/d 'y*/ # !' 5/*/ *!d ) !$ *)/*
"#$$/*.
1.8 ?ROBLEM STATEMENT
I '&/ 'y*/ 7#$ b/ 'u*$ !$') d!// !' 5! &/ !$ )-!$4 '&/ "!dd//#' 7*!!
#b)u' '&/ &!4&y d/"#$d ) )! '&#' 7#u/d '&/ *!7/ ') !$7*/#/ #$d #) 7#$ */du7/
'&/ )u'!)$ *)b/" 7#u/d '&/ /7/!)$ ) 5#'/d 'y*/ # '&/ 5/*/ *!d !' !$ *)/*
5#y #$d #' '&/ #"/ 4#-/ b/$/!' )* /)/ .C#$ '&/ 'y*/ u77/uy 'u*$!$4 !$')
d!// #$d &/ !$ )-!$4 '&)/ *)b/"
1.9 OBJECTI@E OF THE STUD3
T&/ 7)$'!$u/ '&/ u/ ) '&/ d!// '&#' u/d "#7&!$/*y #$d ') '#b!!+/ '&/ *!7/
) '&/ !$'/*$#'!)$# d!// &/$7/ !' #)') #-/ 'y*/ *)" )u'!$4 '&/ "#'&/* $#'u*/.
1. H3?OTHESIS
By *//'*#'!$4 '&/ /'*)!/u" *)" '&/ y$'&/'!7 *ubb/* '&/ )! '&#' '&/!* *)/*'y
!$ = #"/ # '&/ d!// #$d */7y7/d d!// *)" 'y*/ ! *)du7/d.
1.; OBSTACLES DURING RESEARCH
./0/. Conduction o1 t&e e(-e%i'ent
A 5/ &#d ') u/ !*/ ') '/' )u* //*!"/$', '&/ #/'y ) !' &#d ') b/ '&)u4&' )
*)/*y.
./0/2 A--%tu! nd Mte%il!
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T&/ ##*#'u #$d "#'/*!# u/d )* '&! //*!"/$' 7#$$)' b/ u*7&#/d
/#!y '&/*/)*/ *)/!)$# 7)$u'#$' 5# $//d/d *)" '&/ 7)/4/.
IM?ORTANCE OF THE STUD3
./3/. Mini'i!e t&e cti4it# o1 -et%oleu'5! 'ining
T&/ Ty*/ ?y*)y! O!T?O *)7/ 5! &/ !$ *)du7!$4 d!// 5&!7& 5#
)b'#!$/d '&*)u4& '&/ "!$!$4 ) /'*)/u" # '&/ d!// *)du7/d !$ '&!
//*!"/$' 7#$ b/ u/d # '&/ #'/*$#'!-/ u/ )* 7)$'!$u/!$4 ) !$du'*!#
-/&!7/ '&#' u/d d!// #$d #) )* #$y !$du'*!/ ) d!// u/*..
./3/2 S4e "udget
T&/ *)7/ ) 'u*$!$4 'y*/ !$') d!//, 5! &/ u # '&/ -/&!7/ u/* '&#'
u/d d!// # '&/ d!// '&#' *)du7/d !$ '&! //*!"/$' ! ")*/ 7&/#/*
'&#$ '&/ 7)""/*7!# )!.
./3/6 En4i%on'entl 1%iendl#T&*)u4& '&! "/'&)d ) //*!"/$', /)/ 5! %$)5 '&/ 7)**/7' 5#y ') 4/'
*!d ) 'y*/ #$d '&/ )u'!)$ ) '&/ /$-!*)$"/$' b/7#u/ ) '&/ 'y*/ 5! b/
*/du7/d../3/7 Econo'# lue
T&/ 7)""/*7!#!+#'!)$ ) '&! //*!"/$' 5! /#d ') !' &!4&/* /7)$)"y -#u/ !$ '&/
u'u*/ # '&/ /$d *)du7' ) '&! //*!"/$' #*/ u#b/ !$ )u* d#!y !/ #$d !$7*/#/
'&/ $u"b/* ) /)/ 5&) 5#$' ') /)*/ !' d//y.
CHAPTER 2
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LITERAT*RE REIE$
2.1 S)u*7/ ) D!// Fu/ #$d Ty*/
A77)*d!$4 ') '&/ !%!/d!#, D!// u/ ! *)du7/d *)" /'*)/u" #$d *)" -#*!)u
)'&/* )u*7/.?/'*)/u" d!//, #) 7#/d /'*)d!//, )* )! d!// ! *)du7/d *)"
'&/ *#7'!)$# d!'!#'!)$ ) 7*ud/ )! b/'5//$ 200 C 8>2 F #$d 80 C ;;2 F #'
#'")&/*!7 */u*/, */u'!$4 !$ # "!'u*/ ) 7#*b)$ 7&#!$ '&#' 'y!7#y 7)$'#!$
b/'5//$ = #$d 21 7#*b)$ #')" /* ")/7u/. M/#$5&!/, 'y*/ ! # *!$4&#/d
7)-/*!$4 '&#' !' #*)u$d # 5&// *!" ') *)'/7' !' #$d /$#b/ b/''/* -/&!7/ /*)*"#$7/
by *)-!d!$4 # /!b/ 7u&!)$ '&#' #b)*b &)7% 5&!/ %//!$4 '&/ 5&// !$ 7)/
7)$'#7' 5!'& '&/ 4*)u$d
2.2 D!// 7)")$/$'
C&/"!7# 7)")!'!)$
?/'*)/u"d/*!-/d d!// ! 7)")/d ) #b)u' < #'u*#'/d &yd*)7#*b)$ *!"#*!y
#*#!$ !$7ud!$4 n, iso, #$d 7y7)#*#!$, #$d 2 #*)"#'!7 &yd*)7#*b)$
!$7ud!$4 $#&'&#/$/ #$d #%yb/$+/$/.20 T&/ #-/*#4/ 7&/"!7# )*"u# )*
7)"")$ d!// u/ ! C12H28, *#$4!$4 #*)!"#'/y *)" C10H20 ') C1H2=.
Stu%ted &#d%oc%"on!
T&/ $u"b/* ) &yd*)4/$ #')" #)7!#'/d 5!'& # 4!-/$ %//')$ ) 7#*b)$ #')" "#y
-#*y. &/$ '&/ 7&#!$ )* *!$4 7#**!/ '&/ u 7)"/"/$' ) &yd*)4/$ #')", '&/
&yd*)7#*b)$ ! #!d ') b/ #'u*#'/d. Su7& &yd*)7#*b)$ #*/ %$)5$ # #*#!$,
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#*#!$!7 &yd*)7#*b)$, )* #%#$/7y7)#%#$/. T&/ #*#!$ '/*" 5# 7)"")$ !$
'&/ )! !$du'*y, b/7#u/ ) '&/ 5#y 7&#*#7'/*!'!7 ) 7*ud/ 5&!7& 7)$'#!$ '&//
")/7u/. T&/ '/*" #%#$/ ! 7)"")$ #")$4 7&/"!'.
S'*#!4&'7&#!$ '*u7'u*/ #*/ $)*"# #*#!$, b*#$7&7&#!$ '*u7'u*/ #*/
!)#*#!$, #$d *!$4'y/ '*u7'u*/ #*/ 7y7)#*#!$ )* $#&'&/$/. T&u )*
'&*// &yd*)7#*b)$ 5!'& !-/ 7#*b)$ #')" !./. # /$'#$/ 5/ &#-/ /-/*#
'*u7'u*/.
T&/ b*#$7&7&#!$ 7*/#'/ I)/$'#$/, !u'*#'/d b/)5:
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A$ /#"/ ) '&/ *!$4'y/ '*u7'u*/, '&/ !4&'y ")*/ 7)"/ 7y7)&/#$/ ! &)5$
b/)5:
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A$)'&/* ")/7u#* 7)"/!'y ! 7#u/d by !$'*)du7!$4 //"/$' u7& # )y4/$,
$!'*)4/$, #$d u&u*. !'& '&//, '&/ $u"b/* ) d!/*/$' ")/7u/ b#/d )$ '&/
7#*b)$ %//')$ !$7*/#/ '*/"/$d)uy. / 5! $)5 4) )$ ') ))% #' '&// $)$
&yd*)7#*b)$.
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2.2 Ty*/ 7)")$/$'
C)")!'!)$ ) 'y*/
T&e Co'-o!ition o1 T#%e
Ing%edient P!!enge% C%
T#%e
Lo%%#
T#%e
OTR
T#%e
Ru""e%8El!to'e%!. ∀739 ∀7:9 ∀73
9
C%"on Blc;2 ∀
2./:9∀
229∀
229
Metl ∀.0/:9 ∀2:9 ∀.2
9
Te(tile ∀:/:9 << ∀.=
9
>inc O(ide ∀.9 ∀29 ∀29
Sul-&u% ∀.9 ∀.9 ∀.9
Additi4e!6 ∀3/:9 ∀:9 ∀09
C%"on<"!ed 'te%il!,
totl7
∀379 ∀039 ∀30
9
1 L)**y ( OTR 'y*/ 7)$'#!$ &!4&/* *))*'!)$ ) $#'u*# *ubb/* '&#$
#/$4/* 7#* 'y*/.
2 S!!7# */#7/ #*' ) '&/ 7#*b)$ b#7% !$ 7/*'#!$ 'y/ ) 'y*/
8 S)"/ ) '&/ #dd!'!-/ !$7ud/ 7#y, 5&!7& "#y b/ */#7/d !$ #*' !$
)"/ 'y*/ 5!'& */7y7/d *ubb/* 7*u"b *)" 5#'/ 'y*/
9 T&// #*)!"#'/ ')'# 5)ud b/ !4&'y &!4&/* ! 7#y 5/*/ */#7/d
by */7y7/d 7*u"b *ubb/* *)" 5#'/ 'y*/
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Co'-o!ition o1 T#%e+ T#-icl Co'-onent!
Ty*/ 7)$'#!$ ) "#$y d!/*/$' 7)")u$d #$d !$4*/d!/$' b/7#u/ '&/y #*/
/$4!$//*!$4 "!*#7/, //7'/d ') &#$d/ '&/ ')*'u*/ ) &/#' #$d 7)d, &!4& //d,
#b*#!-/ 7)$d!'!)$, #$d )'/$ $)' /$)u4& #!* */u*/. T&/y #*/ //7'/d ') /*)*"
)* '/$ ) '&)u#$d ) "!/ #$d */'#!$ '&/!* //$'!# *)/*'!/ d/!'/ &)**/$d)u
d*!-!$4 &#b!' #$d )"/'!"/ ))*y "#!$'#!$/d )* bu!' *)#d.
T&/ *ubb/* 7)")u$d #)$/ ! d/!4$/d )* $!$/ d!/*/$' #!7#'!)$7)")$/$'
5!'&!$ # *#d!# #/$4/* 'y*/:
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Co'-o!ition o1 T#%e+ T#-icl Co'-onent!
Ru""e% 9 "# $eig&t in Ne? Rdil P!!enge% T#%e
A--liction8
Co'-onent
9 o1 Totl
T%ed 62/09
B!e ./39
Side?ll 2./@9
Bed A-e( :/=9
Bed In!ultion ./29
)"%ic8)i"%e In!ultion ../9
Steel Co%d In!ultion @/:9
Inne% Line% .2/79
*nde%cu!&ion 6/@9
Totl .==/=9
)%o' t&e *S Ru""e% Mnu1ctu%e%! A!!ocition
Ty*/ 7)$'#!$ *#7'!7#y $) &#+#*d)u 5#'/ 7)$'!'u/$'. A77)*d!$4 ') '&/ B#/
C)$-/$'!)$ T/7&$!7# Gu!d/!$/ )$ '&/ Id/$'!!7#'!)$ #$d M#$#4/"/$' ) U/d Ty*/1,
'y*/ 7)$'#!$ '&/ ))5!$4:
Con!tituent C&e'icl N'e Re'%;! Content
9 ?eig&t
Y22 Co--e% Co'-ound! Allo#ing con!tituent o1
t&e 'etllic
%ein1o%cing 'te%il
Steelco%d
A--%o(
=/=29
Y26 >inc Co'-ound! >inc O(ide, %etined in
t&e %u""e% 't%i(
A--%o( .9
Y20 Cd'iu' On t%ce le4el!, !
Cd'iu' co'-ound!
ttendnt !u"!tnce o1
t&e >inc O(ide
M( =/==.
Y6. Led
Led co'-ound!
On t%ce le4el!, !
ttendnt !u"!tnce o1
M( =/==:
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t&e >inc O(ide
Y67 Acidic !olution! o%
cid! in !olid 1o%'
Ste%ic Acid, in !olid
1o%'
A--%o( =/6
Y6: O%gno&logen
co'-ound! ot&e% t&n
!u"!tnce! in Anne(
Hlogen "ut#l %u""e%
tendenc#+ dec%e!ing
Content o1
&logen!
'( =/.=9
?*/#*/d by '&/ T/7&$!7# )*%!$4 G*)u ) '&/ B#/ C)$-/$'!)$ 5!'& u)*' *)"
!$du'*y #$d #d)'/d by '&/ !'& "//'!$4 ) '&/ C)$/*/$7/ ) '&/ ?#*'!/ !$ D/7/"b/*
1>>>, B#/, S5!'+/*#$d
P%o-e%tie! C&%cte%i!tic! o1 T#%e!
A' '&/ */u/' ) BLIC Bu*/#u L!#!)$ d/ I$du'*!/ du C#)u'7&)u7 d/ EU '&/
E7)')!7!'y '/' 5/*/ /*)*"/d:
I$ 1>>, 'ud!/ 5/*/ 7#**!/d )u' #' '&/ ?#'/u* I$'!'u'/ !$ L!/, F*#$7/ u!$4
*ubb/* )5d/* 4/$/*#'/d *)" 'y*/ '*/#d )$ A4#: S. C#*!7)*$u'u" #$d
7*u'#7/#$: D#&$!# "#4$!# #$d F!& B*#7&yd#$!) */*!) # /* $)*" ISO
=;>2, ;891 #$d <89;.
I$ 1>>;, # u/"/$'# 'udy 5# d)$/: D/'/*"!$#'!)$ ) A7u'/ T)!7!'y # /*ISO 112;=1 Ob/*-#'!)$ ) //7' ) 'y*/ )5d/* *ubb/* )$ # )u#'!)$ )
/#*'&5)*" #7/d !$ # d/!$!'/ ub'*#'u"P #' '&/ ?#'/u* I$'!'u'/ !$ Ly)$,
F*#$7/ u!$4 '#$d#*d!/d $)*", '&/*/ &)5/d $) ')!7!'y.
T&// )u* '/' &)5/d $) ')!7!'y.
Po!t<Con!u'e% T#%e Mte%il
P%oduct Yield C% T#%e! T%uc; T#%e! OTR T#%e!
C%u'" Ru""e% ∀3=9 ∀3=9 ∀39
Steel ∀.39 ∀239 ∀.:9
)i"%e Sc%- ∀.69 ∀69 ∀39
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?*)du7' y!/d )* )'7)$u"/* 'y*/ "#'/*!# d) $)' 7)**/)$d ') $/5 'y*/
7)")!'!)$ b/7#u/:
1 M)' 5#'/ 'y*/ &#-/ !4$!!7#$' '*/#d 5/#*, */du7!$4 '&/ #")u$' ) *ubb/* "#'/*!#
#-#!#b/ )* *)du7' y!/d, #$d !$7*/#!$4 '&/ /*7/$'#4/ 7)$'*!bu'!)$ ) $)$
*ubb/* 7)$'!'u/$' u7& # "/'# #$d !b*/
2 C*u"b *ubb/* 7)$'#!$ )"/ 7)$'#"!$#'!)$ ) "/'# #$d !b*/ !$ ")' 4*#d/. O$y
'&/ !$/' 4*#d/)5d/* #*/ 7)"/'/y 5!*/ #$d !b*/*//
8 &#' ! !d/$'!!/d # 7*u"b *ubb/*P #7'u#y !$7)*)*#'/ '&/ *ubb/*/#')"/*, '&/
7#*b)$ b#7%, '&/ u&u*, '&/ #dd!'!-/P #$d ")' ) '&/ +!$7 )!d/
9 I$/-!'#by, )"/ *ubb/* "#'/*!# #d&/*/ ') '&/ '//.
?*!7/ ) 'y*/
Ty*/ *!7/ !$ M##y!# d//$d )$ '&/ b*#$d ,'y/ #$d #) )7#'!)$ ) '&/ &).
T&/ *!7/ ) '&/ 'y*/ #*/ */7)*d/d # &)5$ !$ '#b/ b/)5:
Ty/ ) 'y*/ ?*!7/ ?#7/ ') buy
K/$d# K)"/' ?u
KR28
RM120 G))d5! 82 d$
b&d T#"#$
?*!"# S/#y#$4
M!7&/!$ M1 RM1 J##$ R/%)
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K#6#$4
Du$) J8 RM1;0 /%#$ M/*u,
K#$4
G))dy/#*
Au*#$7/
RM21 Sub#$4 2
CHAPTER 6
METHODOLOGY
8.1 I$'*)du7'!)$
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T&! 7&#'/* 5# d!7u/d #b)u' "/'&)d )$ &)5 '&/ *)7/ ) 4/''!$4 *!d
5#'/d 'y*/ 7#$ *)du7/ u#b/ *)du7' u7& # d!// ,7#*b)$ b#7% #$d '// '&#'
7#$ b/ u/ !$ )u* d#!y !/.
M)*/)-/*, # ) '&/ /$d *)du7' //7!#y d!// 5# #7%!$4 !$ uy $)5#d#y.
8.2 ?#7/ ) *//#*7&
/ d!d )u* *//#*7& #' # *!-#'/ #7')*y !$ B#&#u ,N/4/*! S/"b!#$ # !' !
/*/7' #7/ ') /#*7& )* !d/# #$d ') 7)$u' #d-!7/ )$ &)5 ') 4) #b)u' )u* !d/#.
O'&/* '&#$ '&#', 5/ #) d!d )u* *//#*7& !$ S7!/$7/ L#b 1, MRSM A)* G#6#&.
A#*#'u ( M#'/*!#
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Dig%' 6: M#'/*!# #$d ##*#'u u/d
T&/ "#'/*!# #$d ##*#'u u/d #*/ :
• 00" b/#%/*
• 1 5&)/ /' 7)$d/$/*
• Bu$/$ bu*$/*
• T*!)d '#$d
• !*/ 4#u+/
• S#'u#
• G# *)d 2
• B/$d/*
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• C*u7!b/ ')$4
• H/#-y %$!/
• B!7)$7#-/ b)5
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• 04 S)d!u" &yd*)!d/ //'
• 104 Z!$7 )5d/*
• 104 uu* )5d/*
• 104 !*)$ )5d/*
6/6 E(-e%i'entl de!ign
. Cut t&e ?!ted t#%e! in !'ll -o%tion nd t&en "lend it into
!'oot&e%! -%ticle! /
2 Put t&e "lended t#%e! into 1l!;/ T&en, &et t&e t#%e! until it 1ull# 'elt
6 T&en "oiled t&e t#%e/
7 Tu%n on t&e ?te% coole% until t&e oil conden!e/
: Re-eted !te- 6 ?it& t&e oil/
0 P%oduct -%oduced /
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1. CHA?TER 9
2. ANAL3SING AND DISCUSSION
8. 9.1 A$#y!$4
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4
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80.
81.
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91.
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<.
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9.2 R/u'
11=.
..@/ T#-e o1
t#%e
.2=/ M!! o1 t#%e
g
.2./ Oil t&t cn "e
%ee(t%ct 1%o' t&e t#%e
'l
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128. 1;00 129. ;90
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e t%uc; t#%e
182. 20000 188. =000
189. T"le .: '&/ #")u$' ) )! '&#' 7#$ b/ *//'*#7' b#/d )$ '&/ 'y/ ) 'y*/
5!'& /7!!7 "# 4!-/$
18.
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18<.
Volume Of Oil that can be reextract from the tyre
G*#& 1: T&/ -)u"/ ) )! '&#' 7#$ b/ /'*#7' *)" '&/ 'y*/ #4#!$' '&/ 'y/ )
'y*/
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18=.
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) )! '&#' 7#$ b/ *//'*#7' *)" !'. Fu*'&/*")*/, '&/ &!4&/* '&/ "# ) '&/ 'y*/
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192.
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