Terrorism in modern world and its influence on politics
Transcript of Terrorism in modern world and its influence on politics
Terrorism in modern
world and its
influence on politicsRUHULLA ABDUL
1ST YEAR IFF STUDENT
Financial University under the Government of
the Russian Federation
Moscow
2014
Content
• What is terrorism?
• History
• Reasons
• International terrorism
• Terrorism in Russia
• Antiterrorist program
Definition
• More than 109 definitions which includes such words as:
• Violence, force 83.5%
• Political 65%
• Fear, terror emphasized 51%
• Threat 47%
• Effect, reactions, etc 41.5%
Terrorism – the threat or use of violence for political purposes by individuals or groups, whether acting for, or in opposition to established governmental authority, where such actions are intended to shock or intimidate a large group wider than the immediate victims.
U.S. Central intelligence Agency, 1980
History 1793: The Origins of Modern Terrorism: French revolution. From that
time, the idea of terrorism as an attack against an existing political order became more prominent
1950s: The Rise of Non-State Terrorism: ethnic nationalism, anti-colonial sentiments, Irish Republican Army, Kurdistan Worker's Party, Sri Lankan Liberation Tigers
1970s: Terrorism Turns International: The era gave us our contemporary sense of terrorism as highly theatrical, symbolic acts of violence by organized groups with specific political complaints
1990s: The Twenty First Century: Religious Terrorism and Beyond
What is terrorism?
• Terrorism is a criminal act of violence that affects many people
• Terrorism is often used against a stronger side in a conflict, governments or societies
• Terrorism is an act that’s supposed to prove a point or oppose something without the victim knowing the exact intention
• Terrorism is common in people pursuing worldwide goals (political,
religious or ideological objectives)
• Calculated
• Intended to produce fear
• Carried out by subnational groups
Reasons
• Social and political injustice: People choose terrorism when they are
trying to right what they perceive to be a social or political or
historical wrong—when they have been stripped of their land or
rights, or denied these.
• The belief that violence or its threat will be effective, and usher in change. Another way of saying this is: the belief that violent means
justify the ends. Many terrorists in history said sincerely that they
chose violence after long deliberation, because they felt they had
no choice.
What Happens During Terrorism?
Who Organizes It?
• The key elements of terrorism are violence, fear, and intimidation
• Terrorists want publicity and for the victims to symbolize their cause
• Terrorists’ violence is supposed to draw attention to their cause
• The effectiveness if terrorism depends on the public’s reaction
• The organizations that organize it are small, making it hard o target
them
Causes
• Religious
• Nationalist
• State-sponsored
• Left-wing
• Right-wing
• Anarchist
• Pathological Terrorism
• Issue Oriented Terrorism
• Separatist Terrorism
• Narco-Terrorism
• Special Interest Terrorism
• Terrorism can be either
domestic or
international
Religious Terrorism
Seek to use violence
to further what they
see as divinely
commanded
purposes, often
targeting broad
categories of foes in
an attempt to bring
about sweeping
changes
Examples: al-Queda, Palestinian Sunni Muslim organization Hamas, Lebanese Shiite group Hezbollah, some American white-supermacistmilitias, ISIS
Nationalist Terrorism
Seek to form a separate state for their own national group, often by drawing attention to a fight for “national liberation” that they think the world has ignored.
Example groups
include Irish
Republican Army,
Palestine
Liberation
Organization,
Basque Fatherland
and Liberty, and
Kurdistan Workers’
Party
State-Sponsored Terrorism
Deliberately used
by radical states
as foreign policy
tools.
State Department
says Iran is the
primary state
sponsor of
terrorism today.
Examples include
Hezbollah backed
by Iran, Abu Nibal
Organization
backed by Iraq,
Japanese Red
Army that often
work on contracts
for Libya
Left-Wing Terrorism
Out to destroy
capitalism and
replace it with a
communist or
socialist regime.
Examples include
Baader-Meinhof
Group (Germany),
Japanese Red
Army (Lebanon),
The Weathermen
(America 1970s),
and Red Brigades
(Italy)
Andreas Bernd Baader
Right-Wing Terrorism
Seek to do away
with liberal
democratic
governments and
create fascist
states in their
place.
Examples include
neo-Nazi or
Neofascist terrorist
groups.
Anarchist Terrorism
Revolutionaries seek to overthrow established governments launched a wave of bombing and assassinated a series of heads of state.
Leon Czolgosz, anarchist who assassinated President William McKinley in 1901.
Domestic Terrorism
Involves groups or individuals who are based and operate entirely within the United States or its territories without foreign direction and whose acts are directed at elements of the U.S. Government or population.
Examples include
Timothy McVeigh
(right-wing), The
World Church of the
Creator (right-wing),
Aryan Nations (right-
wing), Popular Puerto
Rican Army (left-
wing), and Los
Macheteros (left-
wing).
Special Interest Terrorism
Involves extremist
special interest
groups who seek
to influence
special issues,
rather than effect
widespread
political change.
Examples include
Eric Robert
Rudolph, Army of
God, extremists of
animal rights, pro-
life, environmental,
and anti-nuclear
groups.
Russian rank: 6.8 (11 place out of 162) for 2013
Russian rank: 3.039 (152 place out of 162) for 2014
International terrorism
Terrorist organizations
Terrorism in Russia• May 9, 2002 - during the Victory Parade in Kaspiysk
militants blew up a landmine. 44 people were killed.
• October 23-26, 2002 - the seizure of the theater center in Moscow during the musical "Nord-Ost" in October 2002. 175 dead, 700 wounded
• February 6, 2004 - Karachay-Cherkessia bandits undermined Moscow metro with 42 people. After the explosion in the subway began to introduce surveillance cameras
• August 24, 2004 - explosion on the plane. 89 peopledead• 1 September 2004 - an attack on a school in Beslan.
335 victims
• August 17, 2009 year- explosion police station in Nazran. 19 dead, over 300 injured
• November 27, 2009 as a result of undermining the
fabric rail derailed. 40 dead
• March 29, 2010 was promoted to the attack on the subway stations - "Lubyanka" and "Park Kultury". 41dead, 88 injured
• January 24, 2011. The explosion at Domodedovoairport. As a result - some 40 dead and 160 injured.
• October 21, 2013. explosion on a bus in Volgograd. 7 killed
• 29-30 December 2013. explosion in the city station in Volgograd. 25 people dead
Leaders
Phone numbers:
(495) 667-62-79
(495) 667-50-85
• Riyadus-Salikhin (Gardens of the Righteous)
• Jamaat Yarmuk of Kabardino-Balkaria
• Jamaat Jennet or Shariat of Dagestan
• Kabardino-Balkarian Jamaat
• Supreme military Majlis Shura of United forces
of mujahideens of the Caucasus
• Caucausus Front of Armed Forces of Ichkeria
• Jamaat of Carachaevo-Cherkessia
• Jamaat Khalifat of Ingushetia
• Jamaat Taliban of Ingushetia
• Jamaat Kataib al Houl of North-Ossetia
• Islamic Jamaat of Tatarstan
Antiterrorist program
Thank You
References
http://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/istoriya/TERRORIZM.html?page=0,1#part-2
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC
http://warontherocks.com/2014/07/what-does-four-decades-of-terrorism-in-the-u-s-look-like/#_
http://terrorism.about.com/od/whatisterroris1/tp/DefiningTerrorism.htm
http://www.crimemuseum.org/crime-library/types-of-terrorism
http://handofreason.com/2011/featured/types-of-terrorism
http://blogs.swa-jkt.com/swa/10358/2011/09/13/concept-link-global-awareness-terrorism/
https://www.mi5.gov.uk/home/the-threats/terrorism/international-terrorism.html
http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/
http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/terrorism.pdf
http://economicsandpeace.org/research/iep-indices-data/global-terrorism-index
http://www.agentura.ru/english/terrorism/organizations/