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CityofBogotá,Colombia

TERRITORIAL STITCH: BOGOTÁ designingpublicspacesandurbantypologiesbasedoninfrastructuresofmobilityandwater

Subject:4.154Units:0-10-11GSchedule:Tue,Thu:1-6pmPrerequisites:4.153Instructors:Prof.AlexanderD’Hooghe;adhooghe@mit.eduProf.OscarGrauer;oscargrauer@hotmail.comTA:LauraWilliams;llw1@mit.eduThis design research studio is an international collaboration betweenMITDepartment of Architecture and twouniversitiesinBogotá,Colombia:TheUniversidaddeLosAndesandtheUniversidaddelaSalle.

Theobjectiveofthiscourseistore-conceptualizetherelationshipbetweenwaterandmobilityinfrastructuresinurbanenvironmentsasmeanstoreshapeurbandevelopmentpatterns.Thisobjectivewillbeundertakenfirstbystudying the logics of water and development at a territorial scale, and second, by focusing on the resultantopportunitiestoachieveamorebalanced,equitable,eco-friendly,andprosperity-inducingdevelopmentpattern,exemplifiedbykeydesignprojects.Adeeperunderstandingoftherelationbetweenthesupply,distribution,andrecycling of water, and infrastructures fueling urban growth will lead to a redefinition of urban infrastructurelayouts.Thestudioaimstoredesignhowtomakethebestuseofexistingbodiesofwater,maintainandreplenishthoseinneed,andenvisionecologicallyfriendlymethodstotreatusedwater.

Designingandmanagingaccesstowaterisakeyfeatureofourinvestigationandthereforethetype,design,andlayout of systems of infrastructure and services become a key component of this research. Finally, in order todevelopeconomicvitalityand social interaction inBogotá, flowsof goodswill be investigated in relationship towater and people. This improved approach to designing based on flows of water, people and goods canharmoniouslyreshapeurbanformwithinitsterritoryandcontributetodiminishingthegapbetweensocialstrata,particularlyincitiesofDevelopingCountries.

Duringthesemesterstudentswill researchanddesignprojects thatactas fragmentsofsustainablegrowththatalsomaintain and enhance local productivity. By focusing on infrastructure and therefore public spacewewillstudythreebasicscenarios:(i)reinforcingurbandevelopmentwithinexistingtowns;(ii)exploringinnovative,site-specific,andculturally sensitiveurbanpatterns inprimarily rural land;and (iii)examiningdevelopmentpatternsalongsideexistingandproposedinfrastructurelinesasurbanconnectionstothecityofBogotá,Colombia.

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Thisstudiowillusearchitectureasameanstoaddresssystemicurbanchallengeswithrealistic,concretebuildablefragments. The projects will define proposals for groupings of architectural and or urban typologies (buildings,infrastructures, landscape armatures) that are imbued with intelligence about the larger systems (water,transportation,economy,etc.)thattheyhelpstructureanddefine.

TheselectedsiteislocatedonasidevalleyoftheSabanaofBogotáalongtheRiverChicú,oneofmanytributariesof the River Bogotá. This valley is under real-estate development pressure, therefore new suburban-likeexpansionsareencroachingintocenturies’oldproductiveagriculturalland.

NOTE:Classsizeislimited10students.MITfacultyandstudentswilltraveltoBogotá,ColombiafromSaturdaythe19th of March through Sunday the 27th of March 2016 (required) during the Spring Break on a workshopexploringtheareaofstudy.WorkwillcontinueduringtheSpring2016semester.

Studio Goals Thisisastudiothatwillusearchitectureasameanstoaddresssystemicurbanchallengeswithrealistic,concretebuildable fragments. The projects will define proposals for groupings of architectural objects (buildings,infrastructures)thatareimbuedwithintelligenceaboutthelargersystems(transportation,water,economy)thattheyhelpstructureanddefine.ThestudiowillfocusonasidevalleyoftheSabanaalongtheRiverChicú,oneofmany tributaries of the River Bogotá. This valley is under real-estate development pressure, therefore newsuburban-like expansions are encroaching into centuries’ old productive agricultural land. The objective is todesign examples of that demonstrate fragments of sustainable growth while maintaining and enhancing localproductivity. By aiming on infrastructure and therefore public space we will study three basic scenarios: (i)reinforcingurbandevelopmentwithinexisting towns; (ii)explore innovativeand locally-fittingurbanpatterns inmostly rural land; and (iii) examine development patterns along existing and proposed infrastructures as urbanconnectorswiththecityofBogotá,Colombia.Thecourseintendsto:

• Envisionsolutionscapableofintegratingruralandurban,existingandproposed,formalandinformalcomponentsthroughinnovativeinterventionsinthepublicrealm.Thisstudiowillofferachancetoexplorehowthedesignofinfrastructure,publicspaces,andurbantypologiescanaddresschallengingenvironmentalandsocioeconomicproblemsinordertominimizeinequalitiesandfosterinteractionbetweenconflictingscenarios.Studentswillexperimentwithhowtoconnectseparatedanddisenfranchisedcommunitiesbyplanninganddesigningsystemsforpublicspaces,landscapearmatures,andurbanandarchitecturalcomponentsthatcanprovideabetterbalancebetweendevelopment,nature,andinfrastructure.Inparticular,thestudiowillfocusonthedesignqualitiesthaturbanpublicspacesshouldhaveinordertosupportneighborhoodcohesion,socialinteraction,environmentalmitigation,andeconomicvitality.

• Explorealternativedesignapproachesthatincorporatenewinfrastructuraltechnologiesandculturaldispositionsinthedecisionmakingprocessesanddesignsolutions.

• Developcriteriaanddesignsolutionsandcommunicationskillsthatmaketheproposalsrelevantfordecisionmakers,thecommunity,institutions,andotherstakeholders.

• Developaspecificproposalforasiteorgroupofsitesthatactsaspilotprojecttodemonstratehowanintegratedapproachtowaterandinfrastructure/publicspacemayyieldopportunitiesforbuildableprojects,andprovideabetterbalancebetweendevelopment,nature,andinfrastructure.

• Provideananalysisintermsofcontemporaryurbanism,includingurbanagriculture,ecosystems,infrastructures,energyefficiency,andmulti-functionalurbanframeworkstosupportunplannedinfill,newcentralities,mixed-use/income/dwellingtypes,etc.

• Engageinstrategicthinking,exploredesignissuesrelatedtothetransformationofenvironmentally,socially,andeconomicallychallengedurbanscenariosofdevelopingcountries,whereahighpercentageofthepopulationlivesininformalsettlements.

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• Considerthevisionsofdifferenturbanactors(politicians,institutions,thecommunity,andtheprivatesector)withcutting-edgestrategicvisionsanddesigncriteriaforsustainabledevelopment.

• Providethecitywithinnovativeideassoitcanproduceastrategicplan.Thevisionwillencompassawatermanagementstrategyplan–asaresultofanalyzingterritory,bothformalandtheinformalsettlements,andunderthepremisethatonlybyaddressingallformsofurbanizationasinterdependentcomponentscantheterritoryandthecitybecomeahealthy,competitive,sociallystable,andamicableplacetolive.

Class Description The studio addresses a range of practical and analytical approaches to designing the physical and socialinteractionsbetween territory and rational occupationof that territory. The course concentratesondevelopingthe knowledge and skills to make students capable of analyzing and planning in circumstances in which twoconditions collide, in this case urban expansion and agricultural production. Finally, the course aims to developprojects,products,andstrategiesthataddressissuesofinfrastructureandpublicspacethroughdesign.

Format Thisisastudio.Studentsandinstructor(s)willmeeteveryTuesdayandThursdayAfternoon1-6pm.Shortinformaltalks will introduce concepts, analytical techniques, and site planningmodels. In addition, a number of invitedguestswillgiveshortlecturesonselectedtopicsthroughoutthesemester.

Class Objectives Pedagogically,thecourseaimstodevelopstudents’skillsandcapabilitiesinorderto:

• Carryoutfieldworkincludingobservation,informationgathering,andinterviews;• Workinmulti-disciplinaryteams;• Understandthenuancesofanon-familiarurbancontext;• Identifychallenges,opportunitiesandpossibleinterventions;• Assessthefeasibilityoftheproposalsbasedonsocialequityandsustainabilityconcepts;• DevelopspecificrecommendationsfortheCityofBogotátoconfrontchallengesrelatedtosocialequity,

design,andsustainabledevelopmentintheselectedcasestudy;• Getacquaintedwithworkingmethodsthatallow“readingthesite”,developingcriteria,designing

solutions,andproducinggeneralrecommendationsthatcanbeappliedtothesolutionofsimilarurbanconditionsindevelopingcities.

• Understandthescalarrelationbetweenterritorialanalysisandunderstanding,andconcretearchitecturalfragment.

• Developspecificarchitecturalstrategiesthatarestrategicandsignificantonabroaderscalebeyondthefootprintofthedesignedobject.

Grading and Evaluation Studentsaregradedonthebasisofthequalityoftheirfinaldesignwork(60%);activeparticipation,commitment,team work, quality of presentation and submitting exercises on time (20%). Demonstrations of a continuoussearchtoimproveone’sargumentation,thinking,drawings,andstrivingforimprovementwillbecredited(20%).

Stellar is MIT’s web-based platform that contains all relevant information for the course, which can bedownloaded.YouneedaKerberosIDandanMITwebcertificateinstalledonyourcomputerforaccess.

Studio Trip

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MITfacultyandstudentswilltraveltoBogotá,ColombiafromSaturdaythe19thofMarchthroughSundaythe27thofMarch2016.Thefieldtripwillallowstudentsto:producegraphicandwrittendocumentationthroughtheuseofphotographyandvideorecordings,aswellasnotestakenonsite;gatherrelevantinformation;revisepreliminarydesignvisionfortheselectedsite/s;enjoy lecturesandconversationswithhighlyqualifiedfaculty,professionals,andpublic officials; andmeetwith community representatives.All activitieswill be carriedout in close contactwith faculty and graduate students of the schools of Architecture of two local universities: Universidad de LosAndesandUniversidadLaSalle (advancedundergraduateUrbanPlanningstudents).MIT,UniAndes,andLaSallestudentswillteam-upduringourvisittoBogotáandtheywillworkinclosecooperationwithplanningauthoritiesofcitygovernmentofBogotá. Upon returning toCambridge,MIT faculty and studentswill continueworking throughout theSpringTermwithsupportfromColombia’suniversitiesfacultyandstudents.Participantsareexpectedto:

1. Processandorganizeinformationderivedfromthesitevisit,coupledwithnewfindings;2. Developappropriaterepresentationtechniquestorevealthenuancesidentifiedonsite;3. Revisethecriteriaandpreliminarydesignproposalsbasedonthefindingsduringthefieldtrip;4. Researchthe“stateoftheart”inurbaninfrastructuraltechnologies;5. Developnewcriteriaanddesignproposals;6. Deliverasetconclusionsandrecommendations;and7. Produceahandbook/dossieroftheworkshop.

The Site Bogotáwasfoundedinthemid-sixteenthcentury.Its’urbanplanisbasedontheSpanish‘LawoftheIndies’andislocatedonaplateau(Sabana)about2,600metersabovesealevel.TheinterdependencebetweenBogotáandtheSabanadatesfromtheearlytwentiethcenturyandhasbeenawell-definedandsustainableinteractionbetweencityandcountryside.TheSabana,ahistoriclake,stillhasmanywetlands(humedales)whichspotthelandscapeas

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undergroundwater emerges on the surface. ThroughhistoryBogotá expanded, generally northwards along theedgeoftheSabana,andoutwardsina‘ribbondevelopment’form.

Atpresent,Bogotáanditsterritoryhasapopulationofsomeeightmillioninhabitants,withagrowthrateoverthepasttenyearsorsoofaround200,000peopleperyear.Thisgrowthisdueinlargeparttothesuccessoftherecentstrategiesofcityrevitalizationandsecurity,whichhavedrawnnewresidentsfromotherpartsofthecountry.

ThisrevitilizationofBogotáhasattractedmigrantsatanunprecedentedscaleinrecenthistory.Inturn,thistrendisnotonlyalteringarelativelybalancedurbanpopulationincitiesacross,butitisalsoquicklytransformingrurallandintourbanlandatfringeoftheCapitalCityanditssurroundingtowns,mostofwhichareofSpanish-colonialoriginandhaveagricultural-basedeconomies.There isaneedtorespondtoreal-estatemarkets foravarietyofincomegroupsandbuildnew infrastructureandservices,however, the resultsofurbandevelopmentwilldifferbasedonhow thisdevelopment is designed,managed, andbuilt. The case studyofBogotá canprovide adeepunderstandingof hownewly built infrastructure, housing, employmentopportunities and services can foster ordeterwell-structuredurbandevelopment,especiallyinrelationtoencroachmentofagriculturallandscapes.

Most of Bogotá’s inhabitants live in the special District (in oneMunicipality), which is bounded by the AndesmountainrangeandtheBogotáriver.Thereisvirtuallynovacantlandwithincitylimits,thusTheFederal,RegionalGovernment (Gobernación del Departamento de Cundinamarca), and the LocalGovernment of this capital city,expect that close to one million additional inhabitants will have to be accommodated across the river in theneighboringagriculturallyproductiveSabanaover thenext20years.Communitiesclosest toBogotáarealreadyexperiencing thechanges tocome.Somehavebecomedormitorycommunities,with few jobsorservices; somearereceivingmetropolitanusesthatrequirevasttracksofland(iecampuses,cemeteriesorshoppingmalls);andothers are responding to the part-time residential-leisure markets for the middle and upper-middle classes.Withouta largervision, thisunplannedgrowthhasresulted, for themostpart, in theerosionof theagriculturallandscape,thealterationofsensitivewatermanagementsystems,andinunattractiveandinefficientpatternsofurbandevelopment.

In terms of the residential component, this development has occured either in the form of enclaves or gatedcommunities, or as informal developments (organized squatters),with no provision of open spaces or services.EachofthesetrendsignorestheuniqueenvironmentalqualitiesoftheSabanaandwillnotcontributetomakingthesecommunitiessustainableorcompetitiveinthenearfuture,despitetheirstrategiclocation.

Despite recent development, the urban population remains highly stratified economically, with around 10% ofresidents in the highest economic bracket and some 45% in the lowest. This stratification is also registeredgeographically between the richer north and the poorer south, and includes substantial informal development.Administratively, the city is divided into 19 districts, eachwith amodicum of ‘home-rule’ power and, inmanyplaces,certainlyasenseofterritorialcontrol.

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VirgilioBarcoLibrary:oneofmanyneweducationalandrecreational. Transmilenio:Bogotá’snewmasstransitsystemFacilities

TheadjacentSabana–theothersideofthecity-hinterlandrelationshipalludedtoearlier–is,forthemostpart,ahighly fertileagriculturalplainrunningroughlysouthtonorth,shapedon itsedgesbythecoastal ranges, tothewest, and the high Cordillera Occidental, to the east, and through which runs the Río Bogotá with severaltributariescomingfromthemountainrange.Itistheveritable‘breadbasket’ofColombiaandespeciallyBogotá,withabroadarrayofagriculturalproduction,rangingfromdairyproductstofreshvegetablesandflowers.Italsosupportssometourismandthesecondhomesofmanycitydwellers.Infact,itsproductivityhaseffectivelymadeColombiathelargestproducerofflowersintheworld.Administratively,theSabanaissubdividedintonumerousmunicipalities–some116inall–andisdottedbynumeroussmallandlargercommunities.

Asmentioned above, this studio will focus on a side valley of the Sabana along the River Chicú, one ofmanytributariesoftheRiverBogotá.

NewExperimentsinPublicHousing

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UrbanDevelopmentEncroachmentonagriculturalland

ValleyofRioChicú

RestorationofJuanAmarillohumedalinBogotá

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TownofTabio

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Course Scheule Part I + II: City-Wide Analysis + Site Opportunity DefinitionsBriefingandReconnaissance:Descriptionoftheprojectandsite.Taskassignments.DocumentationandAnalysis

§ People’suseoftheselectedsiteandsurroundings§ Materialanddesign§ Flowsofpeopleandgoods§ Flowsofinfrastructureservicesandinformation

W1 Thursday2/4 CourseIntroduction

Thematiccity-wideanalysisingroupsW2 Tuesday2/9 ClassPresentation:MarcelSmets

“ContemporaryInfrastructureDesign”(1:00-3:00PM)DeskCritique

Thursday2/11 INTERNALPIN-UP StudentspresentDraftanalysis

SelectZoom-inLocationsforsiteprojects.Start‘OpportunityAnalysis’on1-3sites

W3 Tuesday2/16 NOCLASS Thursday2/18 ClassPresentation:OscarGrauer

“HistoryandCultureinLatinAmerica,Part1”(1:00-2:00PM) DeskCritiqueW4 Tuesday2/23 ClassPresentation:OscarGrauer

“HistoryandCultureinLatinAmerica,Part2”(1:00-2:00PM) DeskCritiqueThursday2/25 Deskcritique(OG)

W5 Tuesday3/1 FIRSTPIN-UPPRESENTATION:AreaAnalysis,Siteselections,Opportunities

Part III: Development of Design: Object GroupingThursday3/3 Deskcritique

W6 Tuesday3/8 ClassPresentation:AlejandroEcheverri

“TheCaseofMedellin,Colombia”(1:00-3:00PM) DeskCritique

Thursday3/10 Deskcritique(OG)W7 Tuesday3/15 ClassPresentation:DavidGouverneur “OntheUrbanFringe”(1:00-3:00PM) DeskCritique Thursday3/17 PINUPOFSELECTEDDESIGNPROPOSAL

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W8 SpringBreak TriptoBogota-WorkshopDay1(March19th) Saturday MITstudentsArriveinBogotáDay2(March20th) Sunday Firstdayofwork8:00AM WelcomingMeeting UniversidaddelaSalle 8:30AM-6:00PM SiteVisitandLocalAuthoritiesandCommunitymeetingsDay3(March21ft) Monday8:00AM-6:00PM WesternBogotaReconnaissance(JuanAmarillowetlandandSuba-Bikes)Day4(March22nd) Tuesday8:00AM–12:00PM Visittoflowerproductiongreenhouses,agriculture,andIndustrialareas12:00PM-1:45PM Lunch1:45PM–2:15PM Lecture1 UniversidaddelaSalle2:15PM–3:15PM Lecture2 3:15PM–3:30PM CoffeeBreak 3:30PM–5:30PM Roundtablediscussionwithguests Day5(March23rd) Wednesday8:30AM–1:45PM VisittoNortheasternAreas(CotaandChia) 1:45PM–2:45PM Lunch UniversidaddelaSalle2:45PM–3:00PM Lecture:RiskandHopeinUrbanDesign,byAlexanderD’Hooghe 3:00PM–3:45PM Lecture:Bogota2006-,byOscarGrauer3:45PM–4:00PM CoffeeBreak4:00PM–5:30PM RoundtableDiscussion5:30PM–6:00PM ClosingRemarks/WorkshopIntroductionDay6(March24th) Thursday8:30AM–12:00PM Workshop/Charrette UniversidaddelaSalle1:00PM–6:00PM Workshop/Charrette Day7(March25th) Friday8:00–12:00PM Workshop/Charrette UniversidaddelaSalle1:00–2:00PM Lunch 2:00-6:00PM Studentpresentations Day8(March26th) Saturday9:00–12:00PM VisittoZipaquiraortoDowntownBogota(chocolateandcookies) 1:00–2:00PM Lunch 2:00-6:00PM Freetime 8:00–10:00PM Celebration Day9(March27th) Sunday

ReturntoCambridge,MAUSA

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W9 Tuesday3/29 ClassPresentation:AlexanderD’Hooghe “ContemporaryUrbanDesign”(1:00-3:00PM)

BogotáTripDebrief+DeskCritiqueThursday3/31 DeskCritique

W10 Tuesday4/5 DeskCritique Thursday4/7 MID-TERMPRESENTATIONPart IV: Detailing a specific object: a space, building or infrastructure W11 Tuesday4/12 DeskCritique Thursday4/14 DeskCritique W12 Tuesday4/19 NOCLASS Thursday4/21 DeskCritique(OG)W13 Tuesday4/26 Deskcritique Thursday4/28 PENULTIMATEDESIGNPINUPW14 Tuesday5/3 Deskcritique Thursday5/5 OPTIONALSESSIONW15 Tuesday5/10 OPTIONALSESSION Thursday5/12 FINALPRESENTATIOBNFinalpresentationanddocumentation:refinedproposalswillbepresentedandputinbookformatforpublicationalongwiththerestoftheclass.

MIT Notes

Disabilities.Ifyouhaveadocumenteddisability,oranyotherproblemyouthinkmayaffectyourabilitytoperforminclass,pleaseseetheinstructorearlyinthesemestersothatarrangementsmaybemadetoaccommodateyou.

AcademicIntegrity.Plagiarismandcheatingarenotacceptable.Never(1)turninanassignmentthatyoudidnotwriteyourself,(2)turninanassignmentforthisclassthatyoupreviouslyturnedinforanotherclass,or(3)cheatonanexam.Ifyoudoso,itmayresultinafailinggradefortheclass,andpossiblyevensuspension.Pleaseseetheinstructorifyouhaveanyquestionsaboutwhatconstitutesplagiarism.

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Readings PartI+II:City-WideAnalysis+SiteOpportunityDefinitions

Echeverri, Alejandro, and Francesco Orsini. 2011. “Informalidad y Urbanismo Social En Medellín.” CátedraUNESCODeSostenibilitatDeLaUPC12:11–24.

Ferro,JoséSalazar."Bogotá’sRecoveryProcess."Megacities(2011):311-344.

Leguía,Mariana."LatinAmericaattheCrossroads."ArchitecturalDesign81,no.3(2011):8-15.

Hebbert,Michael&Sonne,Wolfgang.HistoryBuildstheTown:OnusesofhistoryintheTwentieth-centuryCityPlanninginMonclus,JavierandManuelGuardiaed.,Culture,UrbanismandPlanning(2006)pp.3-19

Gutman,Margarita.ThePowerofAnticipation: Itinerant ImagesofMetropolitanFuturesBuenosAires1900-1920inMonclus,JavierandManuelGuardiaed.,Culture,UrbanismandPlanning(2006)pp.85-112

Recommended:

Fessler,LilianandBerenstein,Paola.ContemporaryUrbanSpectacularization inMonclus, JavierandManuelGuardiaed.,Culture,UrbanismandPlanning(2006)pp.241-253.

THURSDAY,FEBRUARY18

HistoryandCultureinLatinAmerica,Part1:SpanishColonialAmericaandRepublicanPeriod,OscarGrauer

Readings:

Nutall,Zelia.Translator.Royalordinancesconcerningthelayingoutofnewtowns.(1922)

Fuentes,Carlos.TheBuriedMirror.pp8-355

Almandoz,ArturoEd.,PlanningLatinAmerica’sCapitalCities1850-1950(2002)pp.1-44and271-275

UniversityofMiamiSchoolofArchitecture.TheNewCity,Foundations.(Fall1991)pp.34-67

Recommended:

UniversityofMiamiSchoolofArchitecture.TheNewCity.Foundations.(Fall1991)

The Laws of the Indies. The Spanish American Grid Plan: The Urban Bureaucratic Form by GrazianoGasparini.PP7-17

Engels,Frederick,TheConditionoftheWorkingClassinEngland(firstpublishedinGerman,1845)pp1-75and276-298

TUESDAY,FEBRUARY23

HistoryandCultureinLatinAmericaPart2:LatinAmericanModernism,OscarGrauer

Readings:

LeCorbusier.TheAthensCharter(1973)pp.39-105

Krier,Leon.Architecture,ChoiceorFate.ChapterIII,pp.57-83.SkimChapterV,pp.121-170

Recommended:

+Niemeyer,Oscar.TheCurvesofTime.TheMemoirsofOscarNiemeyer.(Inparticularpp.162-176)

+Fraser,Valerie.BuildingtheNewWorld.(2000)(InparticularonMexico,Venezuela,andBrazil)

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TUESDAY,MARCH8

TheCaseofMedellin,Colombia,AlejandroEcheverri

Readings:

Brand,Peter, and JulioDavila. "Aerial cable-car systems forpublic transport in low-incomeurbanareas: lessonsfromMedellin,Colombia."

GouverneurD.&GrauerO.ToIgnoreorIntegrate?HarvardDesignMagazine.(Summer1999)pp.47-49

GouverneurD.&GrauerO.UrbanConnectors.HarvardDesignMagazine.(Spring-Summer2008)pp.24-30

Gouverneur,David,PlanningandDesignforFutureInformalSettlements.(2015)Pp.1-110

Peñalosa,Enrique.Politics,Power,Cities.Pp.307-319inTheEndlessCity(2007).

Neuwirth,Robert.ShadowCities.(2006)pp.xi-xiv,1-65,241-315

DeSoto,Hernando.TheOtherPath.(1990)pp.xi-xx,3-127,231-261

TUESDAY,MARCH15

OntheUrbanFringe,DavidGouverneur

Readings:

Rowe,Peter.MakingaMiddleLandscape.Part1,pp.1-60

+Bell,Bryan.GoodDeeds,GoodDesign:CommunityServicethroughArchitecture.PrincetonArchitecturalPress,2003StanAllen,“InfrastructuralUrbanism.”Points+Lines:DiagramsandProjectsfortheCity.NewYork:PrincetonArchitecturalPress.1999.46-57.

PierreBelanger,“LandscapeasInfrastructure,”inLandscapeJournal28:1-09.80-95.

MohsenMostafavi,“StructureasSpace,SpaceasStructure,”inMohsenMostafavi,ed.StructureasSpace:EngineeringandArchitectureintheWorksofJürgConzettandHisPartners.London:AAPublications.2006.8-17.

+MohsenMostafaviandCiroNajle,eds.LandscapeUrbanism:AManualfortheMachinicLandscape.London:ArchitecturalAssociation.2003.

ChrisReed,“PublicWorksPractice.”inCharlesWaldheim,ed.LandscapeUrbanism:AReferenceManifesto.NewYork:PrincetonArchitecturalPress.2006

Recommended:

+Balmond,CecilwithSmith,Jannuzi.informal.(Munich:Prestel.2002.)

+Corner,James(ed).RecoveringLandscapes:EssaysonContemporaryLandscapeArchitecture.(NewYork:PrincetonArchitecturalPress,1999)

+FormanandGordon,LandscapeEcology(NewYork:Wiley,1986)

+McHarg,IanL..DesignwithNature.(GardenCity,NewYork:NaturalHistoryPress,1971)

TUESDAY,MARCH29

ContemporaryUrbanDesign,AlexanderD’Hooghe

Readings:FirstsectionofBackgroundReadings

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Background Readings

+Brenner,Neil (ed.). ‘Implosions / Explosions. Towards a studyofPlanetaryUrbanization.’ (Berlin: Jovis, 2014):Introduction,andChapter1:‘theurbanizationquestion’.

Alexander D‟Hooghe, “The Objectification of Infrastructure: Elements of a Different Space and Aesthetic forSuburbanAmerica,”InAndresSevtsuk(ed.),Projections10:DesigningforGrowthandChange(2011)

Marcel Smets, “Grid, Casco, Clearing,Montage,” Topos 38 (March 2002):88–101; “Contemporary Landscape ofEuropeanInfrastructures,”Lotus110(September2001):116-143.

“MonumentorArmageddon‟,and“LearningfromLateModernism‟.AlexanderD’Hooghe,OleBouman,TimothyR.Campos,NeerajBhatia,etal.(eds.),Volume9:

Crisis? What Crisis?_Archis+ AMO+ C-Lab+MIT, November 2006 (Amsterdam, NL; G Meckenheim: Idea Books,2006).

+ Emanuel Christ (Author), StefanoMunarin (Author), Ivan Nio (Author),Maria Chiara Tosi (Author), AlexWall(Author), Geert Bekaert (Author), XaveerDeGeyter (Editor).After-Sprawl: ResearchOn The Contemporary City.(Rotterdam:NAIPublishers,andAntwerp:deSingel,2002)

KennethFrampton,"ProspectsforaCriticalRegionalism,"Perspecta20(1983):147–162.

ManueldeSola-Morales,“ThePeriphery,”UrbanismoRevista9–10(1992):Fullissue;readalsopp.4–5.

Nutall,Zelia.Translator.Royalordinancesconcerningthelayingoutofnewtowns.(1922)

+Almandoz,ArturoEd.,PlanningLatinAmerica’sCapitalCities1850-1950.Routledge,(2002)

+UniversityofMiamiSchoolofArchitecture.TheNewCity,Foundations.(Fall1991)

+Engels,Frederick,TheConditionoftheWorkingClassinEngland (firstpublishedinGerman,1845)pp1-75and276-298

+Fuentes,Carlos.TheBuriedMirror.MarinerBooks,1992(itishighlyrecommendedtobeacquired)

+Niemeyer,Oscar.TheCurvesofTime.TheMemoirsofOscarNiemeyer.Phaydon,(2000)

++HarvardDesignMagazine.(Summer1999)

++HarvardDesignMagazine.(Spring-Summer2008)

+Neuwirth,Robert.ShadowCities.Routledge(2006)

DeSoto,Hernando.TheOtherPath.(1990)

Davis,Mike.PlanetofSlums.(2006)

Torre, Susana. Claiming the Public Space: TheMothers of Plaza deMayo in The Sex of Architecture ed. DianaAgrest,PatriciaConway,LeslieKanesWeisman(1996)

TheEndlessCity(2007)

UniversidadMetropolitana.TheRehabilitationoftheLitoralCentral,Venezuela.OscarTodtmannEditores,Caracas,2001.

Mehrotra, Rahul.One Space TwoWorlds: an investigation of the urban structures of Bombay. Harvard DesignMagazine.(Winter-Spring1997)

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Fraser,Valerie.BuildingtheNewWorld.(2000)

Monclus,JavierandManuelGuardiaed.,Culture,UrbanismandPlanning(2006)

Hernandez,Felipe,Kellett,PeterandK.Allen,Leaed.RethinkingtheInformalCity.(2010)

Krier,Leon.Architecture,ChoiceorFate.(1998)

UniversidaddelosAndes/PontificiaUniversidadJaveriana.LCBOG:LeCorbusierenBogotá,1947-1951.(2010)

Gouverneur,David,PlanningandDesignforFutureInformalSettlements.(2015)

AllRequiredReadingsareavailableonStellarCourseSite4.154ArchitectureOptionStudio:Bogotá

(+)IndicatesreadingisoncoursereserveatRotchLibrary

(++)IndicatesreadingisinlimitedaccessJournalArchivesatRotchLibrary