Terrains of chile 2
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Terrains of Chile
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Chile
more than 2 million km2
It extends in 3 continents
Oceania
America
Antartica
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Chile
Varity :
Landscapes
Climates
Vegetation
• Continental Chile:
• 17º 30' y 56º 30' de Latidude South
• 70º de Longitud West
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Chile: Varity of Landscapes
-North to South
-East to West
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Terrains from North to West
Costal plains
Costal Mountain Range
Intermediate depression
The Andes Mountain Range
Patagonia Plateau
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Costal Plains
Costal plains
Costal Mountain Range
• Pacific to Costal Mountains
• From far north to Chiloé
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Costal Mountain Range
Costal Mountain Range
• Extends from S of Arica
• To The channels Of The Aysen Region
• Length, width and Height is lower than The Andes.
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Intermediate Depression
Costal Mountain Range
Intermediate depression
The Andes Mountain Range
• Located between the two mountains
• From far north to Puerto Montt
• Large part of the population live here
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Andes Mountain Range
The Andes Mountain Range
Starts in Venezuela and ends in Antartica.
Highest points are in The North
Decreases to the south
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Landscapes East to west
Andes Intermediate
depression Costal Range
Costal Plains
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Chile´s Natural Regions
Divisions based on Natural Features
Far North
Near North
Central
South and Far
South
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Investigation
Terrain
Topographic Profile
Climate and Hydrology
Population
Culture
Natural resources: mining, forestry, Agriculture,
and Livestock
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Investigation: Groups
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FAR NORTH- Terrains from east to west
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FAR NORTH
COSTAL PLAINS
Not continuous
Most people live here
Big cities
coast: Cliffs/ rocky beaches/ sandy beaches
Fishing and Mining towns
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FAR NORTH
COSTAL MOUNTAIN RANGE
Starts South of Arica
Costal cliff 100 m. ends in the
ocean
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FAR NORTH
INTERMEDIATE DEPRESSION
Pampas
Basins separated by streams
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FAR NORTH
ANDES MOUNTAIN RANGE
Natural border Chile/ Bolivia & Argentina
Divides climates
Tall peaks average: 1000m.
Volcanic activity
Source of: water and minerals
Altiplano: 4000 m
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FAR NORTH
ANDES MOUNTAIN RANGE
Altiplano: 4000 m
Water in the High Andes Wetlands
Towns agriculture and livestock
Mining Chuquicamata
La Escondida
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FAR NORTH- climate
Dry Desert
Coast proximity to the ocean cooler
Pampas temperature is extreme
-12°C to -5°C Below cero cold
36°C to 40°C hot
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FAR NORTH- climate
Altiplano Invierno Boliviano
Only in summer
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FAR NORTH-Hydrology
Watersheads Arica y Parinacota
Tarapaca
ENDORHEIC
Washbeads Antofagasta
Loa River and Copiapó River
ARHEIC
This means that the bodies of water don´t reach the ocean
This means that there are no streams or rivers
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FAR NORTH-Hydrology
ENDORHEIC
Exception Río Lluta
This means that the bodies of water don´t reach the ocean
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FAR NORTH-Hydrology
Other rivers Loa and Copiapó
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FAR NORTH-Hydrology-altiplano
Altiplano rivers areformed by melting of
snow and rainfall
small and not long
Lauca Isluga
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FAR NORTH-Hydrology-altiplano
Altiplano lakes, lagoons & salt flats
Atacama Salt Flat
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FAR NORTH- Population
First human settlements
Chinchorro people known for their mummifying
technique
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FAR NORTH- Population
Atacama
Chango
Aymara largest group / influences until today
Atacameños Chango Aymara
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FAR NORTH- Population
19th century mining
Employment and population increases in the
pampas
Nitrate (salitre)
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FAR NORTH- Population
Abandoned cities
Important Altiplanic cities:
CALAMA
PUTRE
SAN PEDRO DE ATACAMA
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FAR NORTH- festivals
La Tirana
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FAR NORTH- Mining
Rich in minerals due to the volcanic activity
Region Metalic Non metalic
Arica y Parinacota Sulfur -Tacora& Chapiquiña
Tarapacá Copper Sagasca Mine
Nitrate (azufre) 19th century Iquique -Humberstone -María Elena Salt Iodine
Antofagasta Copper Chuquicamata Mantos Blancos La Escondida Iron: -El Laco Silver: -La Sierra -Gloria del Juncal
Lithium Atacama Salt Flat Iodine
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FAR NORTH- Ocean resources
Cold current from the Artic Oxygen & nutrients
Diverse ecosystems
Industrial Fishing Artisanal fishing
Tarapacá region : Iquique Fishmeal Also: Arica, Tocopilla, Mejillones & Antofagasta
Fish and seafood
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FAR NORTH- Land resources
Agriculture Livestock Forestry
-Vineyards -citrus fruits -olives -oilseed -early produce: e.g tomatoes (before the can be harvested in Central Chile) Inca techniques: -Terraced fields -Irrigation ditches
Altiplano -Alpacas -Llamas
Reforestation: -Tamarugo Trees
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NEAR NORTH- Terrains from east to west
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NEAR NORTH
COSTAL PLAINS
Erosion due to the rain in the Andes
Expansive white sand beaches
No volcanic activity
Most Human settlements
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NEAR NORTH
COSTAL MOUNTAIN RANGE
Altitude decreases from North to South
Highes peaks are in this zone Valparaiso
Fray Jorge National Park
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NEAR NORTH
INTERMEDIATE DEPRESSION
Transverse Valleys
Costal Mountains join the Andes
Favorable conditions for Agriculture
Elqui Valley
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NEAR NORTH
ANDES MOUNTAIN RANGE
No volcanic activity
High peaks
Altiplano disapears (in Atacama)
Parallel mountain ranges:
- Domeyko
-Claudio Gay
Paso Aguas Negras Chile-Argentina border
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NEAR NORTH- CLIMATE
Warm steppe or semiarid climate
Three important climatic phenomena:
-Camanchaca humid transverse valleys
-increase precipitation
decrease temperature
-variation of rainfall Reservoirs store water
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NEAR NORTH-Hydrology
Watersheads EXORHEIC
Mixed regime rivers -rainfall
- snow melting
Amount of water varies amount of rainfall
Rivers form great canyons when they get to the
costal mountain range
This means that the bodies of water reach the ocean
Choapa River
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FAR NORTH- Population
Concentrated in the Regional capitals and the
coast
Work in mining, tourism, farming and livestock
La Serena Coquimbo
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NEAR NORTH- Culture
Gabriela Mistral´s birthplace Vicuña
Natural Heritage Desierto florido
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CENTRAL CHILE- Terrains from east to west
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CENTRAL CHILE
COSTAL PLAINS
Formed by the erosion of the Andes Mountains
Sand Wide extensive plains
Favorable locations for Cities: Valparaiso and
Concepción
Planis are largest Maipo & Rapel rivers
Maule region Plains and cliffs
get narrow
Pichilemu 6TH Region
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CENTRAL CHILE
COSTAL MOUNTAIN RANGE
Tallest peaks are found in this area
Altos del Cantillana 2,318 m.
Eroded by rivers
Nahuelbuta Mountain Range
-Bio Bio & Imperial River
-1000m average
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CENTRAL CHILE
INTERMEDIATE DEPRESSION
Two types of landscapes
-Basins Chacabuco R. & Pelequén
Santiago
Rancagua
- Intermediate depression
Pelequen Reloncavi Sound Pto. Montt
Poplated cities Santaigo
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CENTRAL CHILE
INTERMEDIATE DEPRESSION
Soil is the most fertile in Chile
Cuenca of Santiago
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CENTRAL CHILE
Andes Mountain Range
Very Tall Aconcagua 6,962 m (In Argentina)
Has more than 3,000 volcanos fertile soil
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CENTRAL CHILE
ANDES MOUNTAIN RANGE
Volcanoes in Metropolitan Region
Tupungato & Tupungatito
San José
Maipo Tupungatito
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CENTRAL CHILE - Isla de Pascua
Rapa Nui
Volcanic Island
Belongs to the Valparaiso Region
3,600 km from Chile Chilean Oceania
In front of Caldera in the Atacama Region
Rapa Nui
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CENTRAL CHILE - Climate
Temperate climate
difference between seasons
-southern part of C.Chile rainier and cold
-coast semiarid /rainfall & cloudy
Warm costal desert
-Temperatures are lower Humboldt Current
- Inner part mediterranean steppe
Hot dry summers /rainfall during winter
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CENTRAL CHILE Climate
Humboldt costal current
Valparaiso region : Punta de Tralca Semiarid / costal desert
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CENTRAL CHILE - Hydrography
Rivers exorheic reach the ocean
Mixed regime rainfall
Melted snow
Between Metropolitan & O´Higgings
volume of water increases Snowmelt
Maule river
Itata river volume of water increases rainfall
Bio Bío river
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CENTRAL CHILE Hydrography
Mouth of Maipo River Mouth of Bio Bio river
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CENTRAL CHILE - Climate
Most densely populated
1st Metropolitan Region 6 million
2nd Bio Bio Region 1.5 million
Valparaiso Region 1.5 million
phenomena:
-aging population
- urbanization
Urban population of Santiago
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CENTRAL CHILE - Mining
7th region of Maule
8th Region of Araucanía
Region of Los Ríos
Non metalic : Calcium,carbonate, quartz,
barite, iron oxide, pumice rock, salt.
Almost no mines
Valparaiso Metropolitan O´Higgins
Copper: -Andina Mine -Río Blanco Mine
Copper: -Los Bronces
Copper: -El Teniente
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CENTRAL CHILE - Land resources
Traditional Chilean countryside
High quality soil & plenty water
Polyculture/ monoculture/ profitable crops
Agriculture Livestock Forestry
-Valparaiso: -Vinetards -Avocado -Fruits & vegetables -O'Higgins: -Cereal -Vinetards -Flowers -Fruits & vegetables -Maule -Vinetards -Bio Bio : every type of production.
-Cattle milk and meat -Swine meat -Poulty eggs and meat
-Bio Bio Cellulose paper Valparaiso: cellulose &logs -Eucalyptus -Pine -Poplar (alamo)
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CENTRAL CHILE - Ocean Resources
Industrial Fishing Artisanal fishing
-San Antonio V Region -Talcahuano VIII Region -Concepción VIII Region
-Pichilemu VI Region -Cobquecura VIII Region -Constitución VII Region
Talcahuano Cobquecura
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SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Terrains
COSTAL PLAINS
- discontinuous
-alternating terrain
- Araucanía almost no beaches
rocky coastlines
-Valdivia & Pto. Montt wider costal plains
Maullin Plains
- Costal plains in Chiloé
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SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Terrains
COSTAL PLAINS
- Aysen Region Glaciers that can reach the sea
- Costal plains reappear Straight of Magellan
San Rafael Glacier
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SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Terrains
COSTAL MOUNTAIN RANGE
After Nahuelbuta range it is intermittent
eroded hills
Has different names Pelada
Mahuidanchi
Pichuquen
Range disappears Taitao Peninsula
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SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Terrains
Range disappears Taitao Peninsula
,
Caleta Tortel, Taitao Peninsula
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SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Terrains
INTERMEDIATE DEPRESSION
Ends in Reloncaví Sound
Submerged in the ocean
Reapears in Chiloé where it definitely ends
Lakes formed by glaciers
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SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Terrains
ANDES MOUNTAIN RANGE
Lower height erosion
Highest peaks are volcanic
After Reloncaví Sound divides:
- east Patagonian ice fields
- west Chilean oceanic
Volcanic
Fjords valleys carved out by glaciers
North South
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SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Terrains
Andes Mountain Range: Patagonia range
North Ice fields (campos de hielo norte)
Glacier Pio XI North Ice Fields Biggert reserve of water in continental Chile
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SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Terrains
Fjords
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SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Terrains
ANDES MOUNTAIN RANGE
Punta Arenas & Pto. Williams
almost disappears
Serrano Mountain Range
Puerto Williams
Punta Arenas
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SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Terrains
ANDES MOUNTAIN RANGE
Mountain ranges west and east unite and
reappear in The Antarctica
Mount Vinson, Antarctica
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SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Patagonia
Vast plain
Extends from Reloncaví Sound
End of continental Chile
Divided between Chile and Argentina
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Coal
Strait of Magellan Drake Sea
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SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Patagonia
Strait of Magellan Drake Sea
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SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Cimate
Depends on many factors
Aysen Region
Patagonian Andes climatic wall
- Some places are good for humans & Agriculture
- Some places have strong snowstorms and rain
Palena ( In front of Chiloé) Mild climate
Patagonia cold steppe + rainfall
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SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH-Climate
Temperature decreases with height
Torres del Paine
Lower warmer
Higher cooler
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SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Climate
In the Antarctica the climate is polar
Summer temperatures are rarely over 0°C
More than 1 meter of snow each year
Villa Las Estrellas Chilean Antartica Population: 51 people
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SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH-Hydrography
Between
-Imperial River & Chacao Channel 9th to 10th Regions
- The amount of water in the river depends on
the rainfall
Crossing the Chacao Channel from Puerto Montt to Chiloé
Río Bueno, Los Ríos Region
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SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH-Hydrography
Patagonia rivers originate in the east
From Glaciers
Río Baker, Aysen
Queualt Glacier, Aysen
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SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH-Population
Less population
- Unfavorable terrain
-Climate
-Lack of employment
Los Ríos & Los Lagos Regions 1/3 rural population
Urban population:
- Valdivia
-Osorno
- Puerto Montt
Osorno, Los Lagos Region
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SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH-Hydrography
Most of the cities in the south were created
because of economic activities
Puerto Natales
Punta Arenas
Extraction of petrol, gas and coal
Puerto Natales, Magallanes Region
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SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH-Mining
●
Araucanía IX Los Ríos XIV Los Lagos X
Magallanes XII Aysen XI
-not all are profitable Working: -Coal mine Marfil Mine IX Region -Clay Osorno -Cancagua & sandstone in the Reloncaví Sound
-Oil reserves (not enough for national needs) -gas -pete -Coal Puerto Natales: -gold -lead -copper
-Deposits of -Gold --aluminum -Silver -Copper
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SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH-Land Resources
Distributed in the region depending on specific
needs
Places with low population and a lot of land
Sheep in Aysen Region
Cattle in Pto. Natales, Magallanes Region
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SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH-Land & ocean resources
●
Agriculture Livestock Forestry
Araucanía IX Los Lagos X Industrial farms: -oilseed -wheat -grassland Magallanes Greenhouse prodiction
Los Ríos XIV Los Lagos X -Cattle -Sheep -Poultry -Swine -Aysen XI -Cattle -Magallanes XII -Sheep
- Native forests in all the region.
Ocean Salmon & seafood cultivation in Los Lagos & Aysen Crab & other shellfish in Punta Arenas - Industrial fisging
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SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- SOUTH-Land & ocean resources
Salmon cultivation in Cochamó, Los Lagos region.
Crab extracion in Punta Arenas, Magallanes Region