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TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR A KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND

PRACTICE (KAP) SURVEY

VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN PROGRAMMING IN TANZANIA

SAVE THE CHILDREN, EUROPEAID

MAY 2014

1. OVERVIEW

Save the Children International (Tanzania Office) is seeking the support of a qualified consultant

or a team of consultants to undertake a major field survey and data collection analysis using an

identified corporate tool to assess the level of existing knowledge, traditional views and

attitudes, and current practices concerning violence against children and the prevention and

response to violence against children, among targeted members of Tanzanian population, in three key regions of the country.

2. WHAT IS A KAP SURVEY?

A Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Survey is a quantitative study of a specific population

to gather information on what people know, how they feel, and how they behave in relation to

a particular topic.1 A Child Protection KAP guide prepared by Save the Children should serve

as a key support to the selected consultant (s) in organizing and preparing for the targeted field

work.

3. BACKGROUND

In 2009, the Government of Tanzania, with the support of UNICEF and the US-funded Centers

for Disease Control, conducted the first ever national survey of violence against children on the

Tanzania mainland and in Zanzibar. The study, launched in 2011, revealed alarmingly high levels

of violence against children. It generated evidenced-based facts and figures about the situation

of sexual, physical and emotional violence against children revealing that:

Rates of sexual violence are high: 3 out of every 10 girls and 1 out of 7 boys report at least one experience of sexual violence prior to the age of 18. Most sexual assaults occur in the

home or school

Children are physically abused mostly by adults they know and trust: Nearly 60% of

Tanzanian girls and boys who report physical abuse name a relative as the source,

Emotional abuse is high among Tanzanian children: Almost 80% of Tanzanian girls and 65%

of boys who experience emotional violence report a relative as their primary abuser.

Few children seek services and of those, even fewer receive them: Only about 1 out of 5 girls

and 1 out of 10 boys seek services after a traumatic experience with violence. Since the launch

1 Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Surveys in Child Protection: A step by step guide for child protection programs

to the design and implementation of KAP survey/methods. Save the Children, December 2012.

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of the survey, a number of key milestone policies and events have taken place in the country to

begin to address the findings of the survey and respond to the alarming rates of abuse facing

Tanzania’s children. Government of Tanzania authorities, national and international civil society

actors, and international donor community are working together to try to better address major

service and protection gaps for vulnerable and abused children, support effective policy dialogue

to ensure Ministerial follow-up action, and provide families and communities with the means to

take constructive action to protect vulnerable children in their communities. While not an

exhaustive list, some key milestones include:

Adoption of The Law of the Child Act 2009 for Mainland and the Children’s Act for

Zanzibar 2011

National Plan of Action to Prevent and Respond to Violence against Children (2013-16)

A Multi-Sector Task Force to oversee the implementation of the Plan

Violence Against Children Communication Strategy (2013-14) for Mainland and Zanzibar

4. ROLE OF SAVE THE CHILDREN AND OTHER PARTNERS

4.1 BACKGROUND

Save the Children is the world's leading independent organization for children. We work in

around 120 countries. We save children's lives; we fight for their rights; we help them fulfil

their potential. We work to inspire breakthroughs in the way the world treats children and to

achieve immediate and lasting change in their lives. Across all of our work, we pursue several

core values: accountability, ambition, collaboration, creativity and integrity.

In Tanzania, Save the Children has been active for more than 26 years, first, in Zanzibar and

then, as of 1994, on the Mainland initially as a response to the Rwandan refugee crisis.

Programming is now delivered in many regions across the country. In 2013, Save the Children

Tanzania reached 69,781 girls and 60,440 boys directly through our programmes, of which

11,355 children were reached through Child Protection Programmes. Some of the results of

our recent Child Protection efforts in 2013 include:

A pilot “safe school” model developed in 20 schools in Zanzibar, in support of the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MoEVT) which has introduced positive

forms of discipline instead of corporal punishment, directly reaching 20,000 children

(12,000 girls).

Child protection guidelines developed, in support of MoEVT, which will be used by all

staff, including non-teaching staff, and includes all schools in Zanzibar.

Child protection guidelines strengthened on the Mainland (MoEVT) as a result of critical

inputs in the process of reviewing Teacher’s Code of Conduct 1962 and the

development of National Guideline for Establishing Child Protection in Schools.

A cumulative total of 1,826 children (38.8% girls and 36.5% of the target) who were

either working or were at risk of entering into hazardous labour were supported in

their return to school. Of these children only 28 (or 1.5%) dropped out of school

subsequently and went back to clove harvesting with their parents. A total of 497

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(49.7% of the target) of the poorest families, of the withdrawn children, were supported

to join income generating projects

In Zanzibar, five (5) One Stop Centres (OSC), an integrated one-stop response site for

victims of child/adolescent abuse, were established in collaboration with the Department of Social Welfare, bringing the total number to six (6) by the end of 2013.

On the mainland, in efforts to strengthen the child protection system, multi-sectoral

Child Protection teams were established in three (3) districts: Hai, Magu and Temeke.

9,993 adults (6,004 female) have increased their knowledge and skills on child protection

and response services including the referral mechanisms. This represents 90% of the

project target. In the three pilot districts 5,420 children (2,981 female) were reached

through prevention and response services. In Shinyanga, one district level child

protection team, 10 ward and 30 village level child protection teams have been

established and trained. In Hai District, Save the Children supported the establishment

of a One Stop Centre in Hai District and trained 30 government personnel (medical

personnel, police and social welfare officers) in the running of the center.

And finally, by fulfilling a technical lead role in the National Child Protection Working Group, Save the Children supported the completion of the National One Stop Centre

(OSC) Guidelines, officially launched by the Government in the last quarter 2013. We

also actively contributed to the establishment of seven regulations for the

implementation of the Law of the Child Act 2009.

Meanwhile, a mid-term evaluation in 2012 of Save the Children and UNICEF’s Child Protection

Strengthening System initiative highlighted the following key findings, to date:

Enhanced collaboration among members of child protection teams at village and ward

levels, including a range of actors from community development officers, social welfare

officers to police, magistrates, doctors, and education officers resulting in stronger and

more effective child protection efforts.

Increased collaboration among districts to ensure advocacy at the national level to document the importance of Child protection teams.

Meanwhile, a planned Child Protection Management Information System that was

foreseen to be operational throughout all of the key districts has seen its

implementation delayed, however, there is some essential data collection that is

occurring that is beginning to help feed the monitoring of cases across the country

however, not in a coherent manner.

Efforts have been made to incorporate these recommendations into ongoing work.

4.2 NEW PROGRAMMING

Save the Children is currently implementing two new programs in Tanzania with support from

the European Union’s Europe Aid Investing in People Fund. The program “Community

Initiatives to Prevent and Respond to Violence Against Children in Tanzania” is a Save the

Children lead initiative (1.5 Million Euros, 3 years) which will work in 3 districts of Tanzania

(Shinyanga Rural, Kahama (Tanzania Mainland), North A, Unguja (Zanzibar) with key local

partners.

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In a second initiative, Save the Children will work in collaboration with UNICEF and Plan

International to build upon the results achieved of the previous Child Protection Systems

Strengthening Initiative in the new: Preventing and Responding to Violence Against Children in

Tanzania: Linking Community Systems to a national model for child protection.” Save the

Children will implement the joint project in two key districts (Shinyanga Municipal and Unguja

West (Zanzibar).

On the solo project, Save the Children in Tanzania will work to achieve the following overall

objective: to contribute to the protection of children in Tanzania against all forms of violence in

their families, communities and schools.

The specific objective: to strengthen measures for detecting, preventing and responding to

issues of violence against children in the home, school and communities in 3 districts in

Tanzania.

The four key expected results:

1. Increased understanding and awareness of harmful practices against children, amongst

children, families, communities and religious leaders in 3 key districts;

2. Increased access to quality, accountable child protection services and One Stop Centres

in the communities and institutions by vulnerable children and their families in 3

targeted districts;

3. Increased capacity in schools to combat violence against children through improved

child protection and safeguarding policies and mechanisms;

4. Strengthened national and district child protection mechanisms, including a database for

improved reporting and follow up on cases of violence against children.

The joint UNICEF/Save the Children/Plan International project objective is: to contribute to

reduce all forms of violence against children, especially against girls, in Tanzania. A separate

KAP survey exercise will be undertaken by UNICEF to establish a project baseline for the joint

programming initiative.

5. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE KAP SURVEY:

In addition to the existing national level data on violence against children in Tanzania, the Save

the Children Tanzania Office is interested in gaining insights into prevailing knowledge,

attitudes and practices in specific project locations with a view to establishing a project

baseline and planning the intervention (including communications, awareness-raising, prevention

activities) accordingly. The study hopes to cover (but is not restricted to) the following issues:

Knowledge of caregivers, children and other community members of what constitutes

violence against children.

Knowledge of children and caregivers of existing mechanisms, organisations and legislation that exists to support those affected by violence and abuse.

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Existing practices which may be harmful and constitute violence against children.

Attitudes and beliefs towards violence, abuse, neglect and exploitation. Existing

community mechanisms that promote or threaten the protection of children.

Attitudes, knowledge and practices of child discipline in the home, school and community.

This study will seek to understand some of the factors that drive violence and abuse against

children in the project areas. The findings of this formative research will guide Save the

Children and its partners in fine-tuning its communications for development strategies at

community level toward preventing and addressing the issue of violence against children. In

addition to this, the study will provide baseline values for the Save the Children EU-funded

Violence against Children solo initiative.

These indicators cover a range of target groups and are as follows:

40% Caregivers, children and other community members demonstrate increased knowledge on violence against children by the end of project 30% increase in number of

children and caregivers who answer correctly what to do and who to turn to in the case

of violence and abuse by the end of the project

30% increase among parents, caregivers and other community and religious leaders

reporting that any form of violence against children (physical, sexual and emotional) is

unacceptable by the end of project

90% of teachers, staff and management who demonstrate increased knowledge and awareness of what constitutes violence against children by the end of the project.

20% increase among children who report feeling safer in their "safe school” compared

with other schools by the end of the project

6. SCOPE OF THE BASELINE SURVEY

The KAP survey will be conducted in sampled districts in 3 regions where Save the Children is

ramping up its Community Initiatives to Prevent and Respond to Violence Against Children

program: Shinyanga Rural, Kahama (Tanzania Mainland), North A, Unguja (Zanzibar).

6.1. SPECIFIC TASKS

A Consultant or a team of consultants will working closely in the design, planning and

implementation phase of the KAP Survey with the Save the Children Tanzania, Child Protection

Manager and the Monitoring and Evaluation Manager, with support from Save the Children UK.

The consultant (s) will undertake the following tasks:

Attend briefing with Save the Children project teams;

Undertake extensive document review to familiarize with the existing data on child

protection including the 2011 national survey results;

Develop a sampling methodology to ensure findings are representative at district level;

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Develop KAP survey framework and methodology and refine according to Save the

Children KAP corporate guidelines (in annex) and feedback received from Save the

Children officials;

Develop baseline survey tools and conduct validation and field testing of the same;

Develop the survey plan;

Train enumerators, as required;

Conduct the collection of data in designated field sites;

Conduct data analyses;

Prepare the survey draft and final reports as per Save the Children standard; and,

Hold debriefing meetings and present draft report to Save the Children Violence Against

Children program team in Shinyanga and Zanzibar.

This assignment shall be carried out based on gender equality and rights perspective; i.e. analysis

made and findings presented shall have specific gender roles and responsibilities.

6.2 DELIVERABLES

The consultants should deliver the following outputs and services:

A list of key issues/topics that require program team consideration and input at outset

to assist in the design of KAP survey: sample size; regional, ethnic considerations; level

of disaggregation (gender, household make-up, disability)

Detailed KAP survey framework/design and implementation plan agreed with the project team

A written protection plan outlining action to be taken and roles and responsibilities in

the event of disclosures or concerns relating to situations of abuse, violence, neglect or

exploitation by children or adults during data collection.

Development and finalization of the survey tools

Orientation /training of the survey team, if applicable.

Present the findings and recommendations of the survey to the team in Dar es Salaam.

Complete dataset (in Excel, Stata. SPSS or any other easily accessible format) for the study and other raw data such as filled-in questionnaire formats.

Produce final Survey report written in English and not exceeding 30 pages, excluding

annexes

6.3 REPORTING AND EXPECTED OUTCOMES

Baseline survey report based on existing data, interviews and analytical work, with, but not

limited to, the following content:

Executive summary – summary of the survey with particular emphasis on the main findings.

Methodology of work.

Detailed analyses of each indicator findings, with data sources where applicable.

The first draft report shall be submitted to the Save the Children electronically and in 3

hardcopies no later than 8th August 2014.

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Within two weeks of receiving Save the Children’s comments on the draft report, a final

version shall be submitted to Save the Children, again electronically and in 3 hardcopies

by 31 August 2014.

The final consolidated survey report shall be written in English and shall not exceed 30 pages, excluding annexes.

The mid-term evaluation report must be presented in a way that enables publication

without further editing.

6.4 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND SAFEGUARDING

As the consultant(s) will be working on behalf of Save the Children, they will be required to

adhere to the Child Safeguarding Policy and ethical guidelines. The consultant (s) will receive training on and sign the Save the Children’s Safeguarding Policy. Background checks will be

undertaken on all applicants.

Ethical and safeguarding considerations must be taken into account during all stages of data

collection and analysis, avoiding causing further harm to children and their caretakers. Particular

attention must be paid to the potential to cause harm during interactions with children and

their families as well as during the storing, handling, sharing and analysis of data.

The consultant (s) will make clear to all participating stakeholders especially children of all ages

that they are under no obligation to participate in the study. All participants will be assured that

there will be no negative consequences if they choose not to participate. The consultant must

obtain informed consent from all participants, including children and their care-giver if a child is

to be interviewed. The consultant will assure the participants the anonymity, confidentiality and

will assure them that the data collected is protected and will be used for agreed purposes only.

7. EXPERTISE REQUIRED

The following attributes are requirements for the selection of the consultant (s):

Advanced university degree in communications for development or social sciences;

Knowledge of techniques in social and community mapping and social mobilization;

Five (5) to Seven (7) years of demonstrated experience in research, data collection and

quantitative and qualitative data analysis;

Working experiences and/or knowledge of issues around Violence against children and

protection;

Knowledge and experience of the ethical and safeguarding considerations pertinent to carrying out research involving or relating to children, particularly in relation to

violence, abuse, neglect or exploitation.

Excellent report writing and good communication skills in English; and

As asset, communication skills in Swahili.

Applications for the consultancy can be applied separately or as a team or by a firm. If the

Consultant plans to undertake the evaluation together with co-consultant (s) the CV (s) shall be

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presented during application.

8. TIME FRAME

The consultant shall work for not more than 2.5 months as indicated in table below,

including travel time. The time will be allocated to a preliminary desk study for revision/analysis

of existing documents, visits to relevant authorities and agencies including field trips, analysis,

preparation of draft and final reports, debriefing and discussions with stakeholders for feedback on draft and preparation of the final report.

No Deliverable Timeline Payment

1 Anticipated starting Date: latest 2nd of June 2014

Key Questions/Issues for Program Team Review

June 10 10%

2 Inception Report articulating Research methodology, field work

plan and sampling strategy

June 15 15 %

3 Questionnaires in English and Kiswahili (tested) and Field work

plan

July 5 20%

4 Draft report of the KAP findings including summary of the major

findings

August 5 20%

5 Final Report of the KAP with Executive Summary of the major

findings (including initial baseline values), power point

presentation of the findings, summary of the Focus Group

Discussions/Key informers, photos, complete data set

August 15 35%

9. SUPPORT AVAILABLE

Save the Children will: Provide a consolidated literature review (on a USB key) upon contract

signature; Facilitate and coordinate the survey process with field offices to assist in the

collection of the required data; pay the professional fee and other arising costs from the

contract; provide logistical support (transport, accommodation, food, etc during the

assignment), and review/comment on methods and other outputs of the evaluation.

10. SUPERVISION AND MANAGEMENT

The overall supervision of the KAP Survey will rest with Save the Children Child Protection

Manager. The consultant will report to Monitoring and Evaluation Manager.

11. TERMS AND CONDITIONS

Code of conduct: Because Save the Children's work is based on deeply held values and

principles, it is essential that our commitment to children's rights and humanitarian

principles is supported and demonstrated by all members of staff. Save the Children's Child

Safeguarding Policy and Code of Conduct sets out the standards which all staff members

must adhere to. The consultant will be bound by the principles and conditions of Save the

Children’s Child Safeguarding Policy and Code of Conduct.

Logistics: The consultant’s travel from base to the field and back after the end of the contract, food, and accommodation will be covered by Save the Children.

Professional fee: The consultant will come up with his/her own rate as part of their

financial proposal.

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Tax and insurance: The consultants shall be responsible for their income tax and/or

insurance during the assignment

Contract will be signed by the evaluators upon commencement of the evaluation which will detail additional terms and conditions of service, aspects on inputs and deliverables.

12. APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS:

All expressions of interest should include:

Cover letter: A short (maximum two pages) letter expressing his/her interest and

related experience;

Technical Proposal (maximum eight pages) including: o profile(s) of the Consultant(s) or curriculum vitae of the individual(s); (3 pages)

o understanding of the task to be accomplished (1 page);

o draft survey framework and work plan (3 to 4 pages)

Financial Proposal: The financial proposal should provide a preliminary budget of cost

estimates for services rendered including:

o daily consultancy fees;

o costs related to field travel (between Dar es Salaam and field sites (3);

o Enumerator (s) per diem o accommodation and living costs;

o stationeries,

o other miscellaneous supplies needed for data collection;

o Data collection and data processing costs are on the account of the Consultant.

The Consultant should also use his/her own computer.

Applications should include two references and two samples of previous work. Please submit

your proposal by May 21, 2014 and via email to Tanzania.Cd@savethechildren.org

Please note in the subject of your return email: SAVE THE CHILDREN KAP SURVEY

CONSULTANCY 2014.