TERMS OF REFERENCE
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Transcript of TERMS OF REFERENCE
TERMS OF REFERENCE
If you speak Spanish, you may find the following mnemonics useful:Rostral (rostro means face); Ventral (vientre means tummy);Caudal (cola means butt)
Terms of Reference
TERMS OF REFERENCE
Like an apple
Like a loaf of bread
Like a hamburger(horizon)
Central Sulcus
Lateral Fissure
LATERAL VIEW
8. Ventrolateral frontal cortex (aka lateral orbitofrontal cortex)10. Lateral fissure, superior temporal gyrus, 13. Amygdala lies below the cortex 5 dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
_________ VIEW
DORSAL VIEW
VENTRAL VIEW
_Ventral__ VIEW
Locate:Orbitofrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortexTemporal pole
Localize: Anterior Cingulate gyruscorpus callosum, Ventro medial prefrontal cortex, midfrontal cortex
Amygdala, Coronal view
Amygdala, horizontal cut, dissection
TheReward
System:
Activities of survival (sex, feed) activate the reward system
Drugs of abuse similarly activate the reward system
Dopamine
Dopamine
Electrical stimulation of the reward system is also addictive
Electrical intracranial self-stimulation
Olds & Milner (1954)
The mind is its own place, and in itself, can make heaven of Hell, and a hell of Heaven.
(Satan, in John Milton’s Paradise Lost, book 1, ll. 254–5)Quoted by R. Cardinal
VTAn. accumbens
stimulation
dopamine
Neuroimaging of face, bird and car experts
“Face Experts”
FusiformGyrus
FusiformGyrus
CarExperts
BirdExperts
FusiformGyrus
Gauthier et al., 2000
Cars-Objects Birds-Objects
ControlGroup
AutismGroup
Hypoactivation of fusiform face area Schultz, et al. 2000
Faces
FusiformGyrus
FusiformGyrus
Children with autism as face “novices”