Lecture 5 Express Terms Implied Terms. Introduction to Terms.
Terms
description
Transcript of Terms
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Terms
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Acacia (Golden Wattle)(Acacia pycnantha)
• Description– Phyllodes: modified
petioles (parallel veins)– Evergreen
• Fruit– Legume
• Flower– Yellow
• Location– Australia
• Chemical– Tannins
• Uses– Perfume
• Family– Fabaceae
(pea family)
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Beavertail Cactus (Opuntia basilaris)
• Description– Leaves modified into
Glochids– Stems modified as
Chladophylls• Fruit: fleshy red fruit
(pear)• Flower: Yellow to red• Location: SW United
States
• Chemical– none
• Use– Can be eaten
• Family: – Cactaceae
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Bladderpod (Isomeris arborea)
• Description– Compound leaves with 3
leaflets – Leaves alternate– Evergreen
• Fruit: Capsule• Flower: Yellow• Location: – Endemic to California– Desert Regions
• Chemical– Strong odor to reduce
predation• Uses– None
• Family – Capparaceae
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Brazilian Pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius)
• Description– Pinnately Compound
leaves – Leaves alternate– Evergreen
• Fruit: Drupe• Flower: small white • Location: – Tropical and subtropical
South America
• Chemical– Aromatic sap that may
burn– May act as a narcotic on
birds who eat berries• Uses– Ornamental
• Family– Anacardiaceae
(Sumac family)
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Black Sage (Salvia mellifera)
• Description– Simple leaves with small
hairs– Drought Deciduous
• Fruit: Schizocarp• Flower: blue or
lavender in stacked balls
• Location: – CSS & Chaparral
• Chemical– Diterpenoids used as pain
relievers• Use
– Rub on sore feet– Chumash brewed as sun
tea– Nectar used to make honey
• Family– Lamiaceae
(Mint family)
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Bulrush (Schoenoplectus californicus)
• Description– Triangular leaf– Sedge-like
• Fruit: grain• Flower: brown or tan
panicle inflorescence• Location: – Indicator of Freshwater
in North and South America
• Chemical– none
• Use– Used by Native
Americans to make baskets, rope, canoes
• Family– Cyperaceae
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California Buckeye (Aesculus californica)
• Description– Palmately Compound
with five leaflets– Deciduous
• Fruit: Capsule• Flower: Large white to
pink• Location: only Buckeye
endemic to California
• Chemical– neurotoxic glycoside
aesculin, which causes hemolysis of red blood cells.
• Use– Used by Native Americans
to kill fish– Toxic to honeybees
• Family– Sapindaceae
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California Buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum)
• Description– Leaves in clusters– Evergreen
• Fruit: Grain• Flower: white or brown
clusters• Location: Southwestern
United States – CCS and Chaparral
• Chemical– None
• Use– treatment of headache,
diarrhea, and wounds– Good for heart– Erosion control– Source of food for
honeybees in summer months
• Family– Polygonaceae
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California Redbud (Cercis occidentalis)
• Description– Simple heart-shaped
leaves– Deciduous
• Fruit: Legume• Flower: Large Pink or
red• Location: Western
United States
• Chemical– None
• Use– Wood Veneer– Erosion control– Red bark used for
baskets• Family– Fabeaceae
(Pea family)
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California Sagebrush (Artemisia californica)
• Description– Slender flexible stems with
thin pinnate leaves– Evergreen
• Fruit: achene• Flower: narrow
inflorescence which are yellowish
• Location: Native to California and Baja in CSS and Chaparral
• Chemical– Terpenes to reduce
competition and predation
• Use– Erosion control– Reduce digestive issues
• Family– Asteraceae
(Sunflower family)
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Caster Bean(Ricinus communis)
• Description– Palmate alternate Leaves– Evergreen
• Fruit: Spiny capsule (not a true bean)
• Flower: panicle-like inflorescence which are reddish in color
• Location: Native to California and Baja in CSS and Chaparral
• Chemical– Ricin (deadly)
• Use– Source of Caster Oil
used for digestive cleansing
– lubricant• Family
– Euphorbiaceae
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Catalina Cherry(Prunus ilicifolia)
• Description– Simple toothed
alternating leaves (vary)– Evergreen
• Fruit: Drupe with large pit
• Flower: small white • Location: Native to
California and Baja in CSS and Chaparral
• Chemical– Tannins
• Use– Native Americans made
a fermented drink• Family– Rosaceae
(Rose Family)
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Catalina Ironwood(Lyonothamnus floribundus)
• Description– Compound Leaves
(fernlike)– Evergreen
• Fruit: Capsule• Flower: Cream • Location: Endemic to
Catalina Island
• Chemical– None
• Use– Ornamental but seeds
not very viable• Family– Rosaceae
(Rose family)
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Cattail(Typha sp.)
• Description– Flat simple leaf– Evergreen
• Fruit: nut• Flower: Dense Brown
Spike (wind dispersed)• Location: Indicator of
fresh water in Northern Hemisphere
• Chemical– None
• Use– Rhizomes are edible
• Family– Typhaceae
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Ceonothus (Mt. Lilac)(Ceonothus sp.)
• Description– Simple leaf with three
prominent veins– Evergreen
• Fruit: Capsule• Flower: Blue • Location: Endemic to
California in chaparral
• Chemical– None
• Use– Eaten by Deer– Used for teas– Baskets
• Family– Rhamnaceae
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Coast Live Oak(Quercus agrifolia)
• Description– Simple convex leaves with
dentate margins– Hairs in axils in leaves– Evergreen– No undergrowth due to
shade and Tannins• Fruit: Nut• Flower: Catkins• Location: Coast of
California
• Chemical– Tannins
• Use– Food– Charcoal
• Family– Fagaceae
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Coffee Berry(Rhamnus californica)
• Description– Simple, reddish bark on stems– Evergreen
• Fruit: Drupe
• Flower: Greenish
• Location– Southwestern United States,
Chaparral
• Chemical– none
• Uses– Ornamental not as well
liked by deer– Erosion control– Heal burns and rashed– Used as laxative
• Family: Rhamnaceae
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Coyote Bush(Baccharis pilularis)
• Description– Simple leaves that are often sticky– Various shapes determined by
location– Large root system
• Fruit: Achenes
• Flower: small white or yellow
• Location– Southwestern United States,
Chaparral
• Chemical– Oils to prevent predation
• Uses– Secondary pioneer plant
• Family– Asteraceae(Sunflower family)
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Elderberry(Sambucus sp.)
• Description– Pinnately compound leaves with 5-9
leaflets
– Deciduous
• Fruit: True berry
• Flower: Yellow in a umbella structure
• Location– Temperate to subtropical regions of the
world mostly Northern hemisphere
• Chemical– none
• Uses– Wine– Syrup
• Family– Adoxaceae
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Encelia or Brittlebush(Encelia sp.)
• Description– White leaves– Evergreen
• Fruit: Acene
• Flower: Yellow
• Location– U.S. Desert
• Chemical– none
• Uses– Glue, Sealer, Gum, Incense– Treat toothaches
• Family – Asteraceae
(Sunflower family)
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Eucalyptus(Eucalyptus sp.)
• Description– 700 species– Alternate simple leaves– Evergreen– Gum Trees– Peeling bark
• Fruit: Capsule
• Flower: vary in color with an operculum
• Location– Australia
• Chemical– Terpenoids (aromatic)
• Uses– Planted to lower the water table– Make pulp for paper– Antiseptic– Food additives– Insect repellent
• Family– Myrtaceae
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Flannel Bush (Fremontodendron sp.)
• Description– Simple 3-lobed leaves– Evergreen– Fuzzy texture – modified
hairs called trichomes• Fruit: Capsule• Flower: Large yellowish
orange Flowers• Location: Southwest
U.S. and Mexico
• Chemical– None
• Use– Water conservation
gardens
• Family– Malvaceae
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Fremont Cottonwood (Populus fremontii)
• Description– Simple leaf with long
flattened petiole– Deciduous
• Fruit: Achene• Flower: Catkins• Location: Southwest
U.S. and Northern Mexico in riparian areas
• Chemical– None
• Use– Erosion control– Fuel and fence posts
• Family– Salicaceae
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Fringe Tree (Chionanthus virginicus)
• Description– Simple leaf with long
flattened petiole– Deciduous
• Fruit: Drupe• Flower: Larger white• Location: Eastern U.S.
• Chemical– None
• Use– Dried bark and roots used
to treat inflammation– Crushed bark used to
treat sores and wounds• Family– Oleaceae
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Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba)
• Description– Simple leaf which is fan
shaped– Deciduous
• Fruit: None• Flower: None• Location: China
• Chemical– Butyric Acid
• Use– Decorative – only males
planted in this country
• Family– Ginkgoaceae
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Horehound(Marrubium vulgare)
• Description– Simple leaf with crinkled
appearance
• Fruit: Berry • Flower: White clusters on
stem
• Location: Europe, Africa and Asia
• Chemical– Essential oils
• Use– Antimicrobial and anticancer
properties– Candy– Grasshopper repellent– Invasive Weed
• Family– Laminaceae(Mint family)
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Incense Cedar(Calocedrus decurrens)
• Description– Scaled leaves in flat
sprays– Branches Flexible
• Fruit: None • Flower: None
• Location: North America
• Chemical– None
• Use– Pencils– Light fires
• Family– Cupressaceae
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Indian Paintbrush(Castilleja sp.)
• Description– Clover like leaves
• Fruit: Capsule • Flower: red, orange to
yellow (bracts)
• Location: North America
• Chemical– None
• Use– Eaten as greens– Hairwash– Dye
• Family– Orobanchaceae
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Jacaranda(Jacaranda sp.)
• Description– Doubly compound leaves
• Fruit: Capsule • Flower: Purple – often
sticky
• Location: Central and South America
• Chemical– None
• Use– Ornamental plants– Acoustic guitars
• Family– Bignoniaceae
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Jimson Weed(Datura stramonium)
• Description– Large simple toothed
leaves
• Fruit: Capsule • Flower: Large white to
purple
• Location: Americas
• Chemical– Atropine
• Use– Relieve asthma
symptoms– hallucinogen
• Family– Solanaceae
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Jojoba(Simmondsia chinensis)
• Description– Simple leaves that stand
erect
• Fruit: Capsule • Flower: small greenish
yellow
• Location: North America
• Chemical– Oil (liquid wax ester)
• Use– Laxative– Salve– Biodiesel fuel– Cosmetics
• Family– Simmondsiaceae
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Laurel Sumac(Malosma laurina)
• Description– Large Simple Leaves with
reddish edges
• Fruit: Drupe • Flower: Small white
• Location: Southern California, CSS and Chaparral
• Chemical– Volatile compounds
• Use– Tea for dysentery– Crown sprouting– Fire adapted
• Family– Anacardiaceae
(Sumac family)
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Lemonade Berry(Rhus integrifolia)
• Description– Large Simple and alternating– Evergreen– Reddish twigs
• Fruit: Berry
• Flower: Small rosy pink
• Location: Southern California, Chaparral
• Chemical– Tannins
• Use– Lemonade like drink– Make candles
• Family– Anacardiaceae
(Sumac family)
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Liquid Amber(Lizuidamber styraciflua)
• Description– Large Simple and palmate– Deciduous
• Fruit: Woody Capsule
• Flower: greenish
• Location: Southwestern U.S.
• Chemical– Styrax –
• Use– Plywood, furniture,
cabinets– Chewing gum
• Family– Altingiaceae
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Mesquite(Prosopis sp.)
• Description– Deciduous– Doubly pinnate compound leaves– Long Taproot (up to 200 ft)– Thorns
• Fruit: Legume
• Flower: Catkins with pale green or yellow flowers
• Location: Southern Deserts
• Chemical– None
• Use– Food (flour)– Furniture– Barbecues
• Family– Fabaceae(Pea family)
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Mulefat(Baccharis salicifolia.)
• Description– Simple Leaves– Sticky foliage
• Fruit: small achene
• Flower: small fuzzy pink or red-tinged white flowers
• Location: Southwest United States CSS and Chaparral and deserts
• Chemical– None
• Use– Erosion control
• Family– Asteraceaea
(Sunflower family)
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Mustard(Bassica sp.)
• Description– Annual
• Fruit: Silque
• Flower: Yellow
• Location: Native to Mediterranean Europe
• Chemical– None
• Use– Pioneer plant (indicator of
distrubance)– Cooking oil– Spice– High in Vitamin C
• Family– Brassicaceae
(Mustard family)
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Palm Tree(Washingtonia sp.)
• Description– Evergreen– Skirt– Near water (Oasis)
• Fruit: Drupe
• Flower: small and insignificant
• Location: – California– Mexico
• Chemical– None
• Use– Food– Baskets– Thatch Roofs
• Family– Arecaceae
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Palo Verde(Parkinsonia microphylla)
• Description– Green bark– Small leaves that are drought
deciduous
• Fruit: Legume
• Flower: pale yellow
• Location: – Mojave Desert, Sonoran Desert
• Chemical– None
• Use– Food (flour)
• Family– Fabaceae
(Pea family)
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Pampas Grass(Cortaderia selloana)
• Description– Tall grass with leaves that cut
when going toward center of plant
• Fruit: Grain
• Flower: dense white panicles
• Location: – Southern South America
• Chemical– None
• Use– Flower arrangements
• Family– Poaceaea
(Grass family)
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Pine Tree(Pinus sp.)
• Description– Leaves are needles grouped
into fascicles– Branches flexible
• Fruit: None
• Flower: None
• Location: – Worldwide
• Chemical– None
• Use– wood– Furniture, floors
• Family– Pinaceae
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Sago Palm(Cycas Revoluta)
• Description– Palm-like
• Fruit: None
• Flower: None
• Location: Old World
• Chemical– Alkaloids, tannins,
steroids
• Use– Ornamental
• Family– Cycadaceae
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Southern Black Walnut(Juglans nigra)
• Description– Compound leaves– Deciduous– Slight odor
• Fruit: Drupe
• Flower: green catkins
• Location: New World
• Chemical– None
• Use– Flooring, furniture– Food
• Family– Juglandaceae
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Southern Magnolia(Magnolia grandiflora)
• Description– Thick Waxy Leaves – rusty
pubescence underneath
• Fruit: Follicle
• Flower: Large White
• Location: Southeastern U.S.
• Chemical– None
• Use– Ornamental– Make furniture, pallets
and veneer
• Family– Magnoliaceae
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Sugar Bush(Rhus Ovata)
• Description– Large simple leaves with
reddish twigs – Ovate leaves that are folded
along the midrib
• Fruit: drupe
• Flower: small, pink
• Location: Southern California in chaparral.
• Chemical– Tannins
• Use– Ornamental
• Family– Anacardiaceae
(Sumac family)
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Sweet Bay (Laurus sp.)
• Description– Glossy simple leaves– Evergreen
• Fruit: True berry• Flower: Pale yellow
green• Location: Native to
Mediterranean climate
• Chemical– Cineole oil
• Use– Astringent– Olympic Wreaths– Cooking (spices)
• Family– Lauraceae
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Toyon(Heteromeles (Photonia) arbutifolia)
• Description– Christmas Berry– Simple leaf - dentate– Evergreen
• Fruit: pome
• Flower: small, white
• Location: Southern California in chaparral and CSS.
• Chemical– Tannins– Glycocides
• Use– Ornamental– Jelly from fruit– Tea for stomach ailments
• Family– Rosaceae(Rose family)
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Tree Tobacco(Nicotiana glauca)
• Description– Heart shaped leaves
• Fruit: Capsule
• Flower: Yellow tubular
• Location: South America
• Chemical– Nicotine
• Use– Smoked– Treat swelling and bruises– Biofuel
• Family– Solanaceae
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Western Sycamore(Plananus racemosa)
• Description– Large palmate leaves that are
pubescent– Deciduous– Peeling Bark
• Fruit: achene
• Flower: inflorescence
• Location: California and Baja
• Chemical– None
• Use– Ornamental
• Family– Platanaceae
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White Alder(Alnus rhombifolia)
• Description– Simple alternate leaves with
serrate margins – Deciduous– Bark with “eyes”
• Fruit: Strobili (females)
• Flower: Catkins (male)
• Location: California and Baja
• Chemical– None
• Use– Ornamental
• Family– Betulaceae
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White Ash(Fraxinus americana)
• Description– Compound leaves that
are made of 5-9 leaflets– Leaves are opposite– Deciduous
• Fruit: Samara• Location: – Eastern North America– Moist habitats
• Chemical– None
• Uses– Baseball bats, oars,
flooring, tool handles• Family: Oleaceae
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White Sage(Salvia apiana)
• Description– Large white leaves with an
odor
• Fruit: Achene
• Flower: white to lavender
• Location: CSS and Chaparral of southwestern U.S.
• Chemical– Terpenes to reduce
competition and predation
• Use– Food (Pinole)
• Family– Lamiaceae
(Mint family)
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Wild Radish(Raphanus raphanistrum)
• Description– Annual– Small simple leaves– Invasive species
• Fruit: Silques
• Flower: white to lavender
• Location: Native to Asia
• Chemical– None
• Use– Food
• Family– Brassicaeae
(Mustard family)
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Willow(Salix sp.)
• Description– Narrow simple leaves– Usually Deciduous– Moist soils
• Fruit: capsule
• Flower: catkins
• Location: Northern hemisphere
• Chemical– Salicylic Acid
• Use– Aspirin
• Family– Salicaceae
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Mustard(Brassicaceae)
Cactus (Cactaceae)
Mint (Lamiaceae)
Rose (Rosaceae)
Pea (Fabaceae)
Sumac (Anacardiaceae)
Sunflower (Asteraceae)
Grass (Poaceae)
Plant families