Terminology of nervous system

TerminologyofNervous SystemPresented by

Dr Sadatinejad, Seyyed Mohsen,student of Medicine from Iran,Kashan 19/12/2012

The Nervous System Roots

• Neuro/neuri: nerve• Neurology• Neurectasia• Neurectomy• Neurectopia• Neurilemmitis• Neuroglia• Neuroplasty• Neurorrhaphy • Neurapraxia

The Nervous System Roots• Neuro/neuri: nerve

• Neurilemoma: Neurilemma : a tumor of a peripheral nerve sheath Schwannoma : the most common type of neurogenic tumor, usually benign.Neurofibrosarcoma : neurofibroma-malignant type

• Neuroastrocytoma• Neurinoma• Neurocytoma :

1. edulloepithelioma(neuroepithelioma) 2. ganglioneuroma

The Nervous System Roots• Neuro/neuri: nerve

• Neurulation• Neuroblast• Neuroblastoma• Neuromere • Neuroendoscope • Neuranagenesis• Neuromalacia • Neuropathy • Neurophysin • Neuropore • Neurosis


• Neuro/neuri: nerve• neurolysis: (neurolyt'ic adj.)

1.release of a nerve sheath by cutting it longitudinally.

2.operative breaking up of perineural adhesions.

3.relief of tension upon a nerve obtained by stretching.

4.destruction or dissolution of nerve tissue.

• Neuroanatomy• Neurosurgery • Neuritis • Neuralgia : Neurodynia

The Nervous System Roots• Glio/Glia : neuroglia

• Glioma (neuroglioma) • Glioblastoma• Microglia• Ganglio/gangliono:• Ganglioglioma• Gangliocyte• Ganglionectomy• Ganglionostomy• ganglionitis


Meningo/Meningio:

• Meningitis

• Meningioma

• Meningocyte

• Meningorrhagia

• Meningococcus (Meningococci)

• Meningocele

• Myelomeningocele

• Encephalomeningocele

The Nervous System Roots Myelo: spinal cord

• Myeloma1. Myelo : spinal cord

2. Myelo: Bone (e.g ) myeloblast, myelomatosis or multiple myeloma and …

• Myelitis: 1. inflammation of the spinal cord; often expanded to include noninflammatory spinal cord lesions.

2. inflammation of the bone marrow (osteomyelitis).

• Myelopathy:1. any functional disturbance and/or pathological change in the spinal cord; often used to denote nonspecific lesions, as opposed to myelitis.

2. pathological bone marrow changes.

• Myelography• Myelatrophy • myelomalacia• Myeloschisis• Poliomyelitis : polio- (“gray matter”)• syringomyelia ( Syringe:tube/cavity)


Radiculo: root• Radiculopathy• Radiculalgia• Radiculitis• Radiculectomy

Encephalo: brain• Encephalitis• Encphaloma• Encephalotomy• Encephalography• Encephalopathy• Encephalomalacia• Encephalolith• encephalopyosis • anencephaly

The Nervous System Roots Cerebro: brain

• Cerebralcerebrocostomandibular syndrome

cerebrohepatorenal syndrome

• Cerebritis

• Cerebrosis

• Cerebrospinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

• Cerebrovascularcerebrovascular disease brain disorder

cerebrovascular accident (CVA) synonym for a cerebral stroke


• Ventriculo: ventricle

• Ventriculitis

• Supraventricular

• Periventricular

• Ventriculostomy

• Ventriculotomy

• Ventriculoscopy

• ventriculometry


Thalamo: thalamus• Thalamic: Thalamic• Spinothalamic• Thalamocortical• Thalamostriate Cortico: • Corticospinal• Corticotomy• Corticopontine

(O!O! Don’t mix up all above with Corticosteroid)


Cerebello:• Spinocerebellar : cerebellospinal• Cerebellopontine• Corticopontocerebellar• Cerebellovestibular

• Cerebellitis

• Medullo:

• Extramedullary

• Intramedullary

• Medulloblastoma


Psycho: soul, mind• Psychology• Psychiatry• Psychoanalysis• Psychotherapy• Psychotic:

1. pertaining to, characterized by, or caused by psychosis.

2. a person exhibiting psychosis.

• Psychogenic• Psychosis• psychosomatic


Narc: sleep• Narcolepsy• Narcosis• Narcotic:

1. pertaining to or producing narcosis.

2. an agent that produces insensibility or stupor, especially an opioid.

• Narcissism• Narcoanalysis• Narcohypnosis


• Somno: sleep

• Insomnia

• Somnambulism

• somnifacient

• Somnolent(somnolentia): 1. drowsiness, or somnolence.

2. sleep drunkenness.

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM SUFFIX

The Nervous System Suffix

-phasia: speech

• Aphasia(auditory aphasia=word deafness)

• Dysphasia (agrammatism)

• Heterophasia

• Heteroplasia

• Monophasia


-lalia: speech

• Alalia

• Dyslalia : paralalia

• Coprolalia

• Laloplegia

• Lalorrhea : logorrhea


• -lexia: reading

• Alexia (word blindness)

• Dyslexia

• -graphia: writing

• Agraphia

• Dysgraphia


-plegia: paralysis

• Diplegia

• Paraplegia

• Tetraplgia

• -paresis: weakness

• Hemiparesis

• Paraparesis

• Monoparesis

• Quadriparesis

The Nervous System Suffix -lepsy: seizure

• Epilepsy

• epileptogenic

• epileptiform

• Catalepsy (Cata:lower,under e.g catalysis)


• -mania: excited state

• Manic: suffix meaning “morbid attraction to” or “impulse toward”

• Manic-deprssive

• Hypermanic:

• Hypomania

• Pyromania

• Megalomania


-phobia: abnormal fear suffix meaning “morbid or unreasonable fear”

• Claustrophobia:• Hydrophobia:

1. irrational fear of water.

2. choking, gagging, and fear on attempts to drink in the paralytic phase of rabies.

3. former term for rabies.

• Photophobia• Acrophobia• Agoraphbia• Claustrophobia• Xenophobia


-phobia: abnormal fear

• Homophobia

• Xenoglossophobia

• Cancerophobia

• Necrophobia

• Tocophobia

• Scotophobia

• Nyctophobia

• Eremophobia



• pyrophobia

• demophobia: ochlophobia

• Phasmophobia

• brontophobia: tonitrophobia :keraunophobia

• Zoophobia

• Arachnophobia



• Apiphobia

• Ornithophobia

• Ailurophobia

• Cynophobia

• Ichthyophobia

• Entomophobia

• Ophidiophobia

• Musophobia

• Panophobia

The Senses suffixes

The Sensessuffixes

-esthesia: sensation• Hyperesthesia

• Hypoesthesia:

• Anesthesia:1. loss of sensation, usually by damage to a nerve or receptor.

2. loss of the ability to feel pain, caused by administration of a drug or other medical intervention.

• Dysesthesia:1. distortion of any sense, especially of the sense of touch.

2. an unpleasant abnormal sensation produced by normal stimuli. dysesthet'ic, adj.

auditory dysesthesia

• Cryesthesia

• Paresthesia : numbness

• Graphestesia

• kinesthesia

The Senses suffixes

-algesia: pain• Hypalgesia:

• Hyperalgesia

• Analgesia1. absence of sensibility to pain.

2. the relief of pain without loss of consciousness.

Other Terms

Other Terms• Agnosia• Amnesia• sterognosia• Dementia• Astrocytoma• Duritis• Cordotomy• lobectomy : leukotomy• lobotomy • Pallidotomy• Craniectomy

Other Terms• craniotomy • Thalamotomy • Tractotomy• paranoia Greek word for “madness”

paranoid personality disorder

• Schizophreniaschisis :cleaving/splitting/parting schiz/o: split

phren/o, psych/o, thym/o :mind

• catatonia: A phase of schizophrenia

• sedative : Latin sedativus Agent that relieves feelings of agitation.• rachischisis: (synonymous with spina bifida) Rachi (From a Greek

word rhachis, meaning spine.)

Other Terms• pachymeningitis : pachy : thick : Duramatter• Leptomeningitis : Lepto : thin : archnoid + piamatter• Autonomic nervous system

auto- (“self”); nom- (“name”); -ic (adjective suffix)

• Dendrite dendrites (Greek, “relating to a tree”)

• Diencephalon di- (“through”); encephal/o (“brain”)

• Dura mater from durus (Latin for “hard”) and mater (Latin for “mother”)

• Hypothalamus hyp/o (“below”); thalamos (Greek word for “bed”)

Other Terms• Medulla oblongata

medius (Latin for “middle”); oblongus (Latin for “long”)

• Meninges the plural form of meninx (Greek for “membrane”)

• Mesencephalon mes/o (“middle”); encephal/o (“brain”)

• Pons pons (Latin word for “bridge”)

• Ventricles from ventriculus (Latin word for “belly”)

• Sciatica from sciaticus (Latin for “hip”)

Other Terms• Seizure

from saisir (French verb meaning “to grasp”)

• Syncope Greek word for “swoon” fainting

• contrecoup injury(from French, meaning “counterblow”)

• multiple sclerosismultiple (common English word); scleros (Greek word for “hard”); -osis (“condition”)

• Hemiballismus

The EndThank you

Terminology of nervous system

Health & Medicine

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