Term Paper on Different Types of Projections

8/8/2019 Term Paper on Different Types of Projections

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MECHANICAL SCIENCES

(MEC-101)

TERM PAPER

DIFFERENT PROJECTIONS:-

ORTHOGRAPHIC

PROJECTION

ISOMETRIC PROJECTION

PERSPECTIVE

PROJECTION

SUBMITTED TO :

SUBMITTED BY :


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Mr. AMRITPREET SINGH

BOMMALI PAWAN

DEPT. OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES

ROLL NO. A19

REG.No.11008138

SECTION H67H1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I Feel very much obliged in expressing my thanks to my guide-

cum-teacher Mr. Amritpreet Singh, who was always with me

throughout the making of this TERM PAPER.

I also thank my friends, classmates and also them who passivelysupported me, without them it was impossible for me to make

this.

BOMMALI PAWAN


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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

ISOMETRIC PROJECTION

PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION

REFERENCE


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INTRODUCTION

For the purpose of construction or manufacture of an

object, its description should be complete as regards

shape, size and internal details. Engineering drawing is

another method of describing an object. Ordinarily, the

idea convey by the word DRAWING is a pictorial view in

which an object is represented.

A pictorial view shows only the outside

appearance of an object. It does not always show all the

details necessary for its construction. It may not show

even the true shape of the object. For the purpose of

construction, a drawing should show the true shapes of all

the parts of an object together with their sizes. The

method of ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION is universallyadopted for this purpose.

Practically the drawing of an object is made up of

a set of different views of the object, taken by the

observer from different positions and arranged to each

other in a definite way. This is done to describe the shape

and exact size of the object.


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ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

Orthographic projection is a method of drawing two or more

views of an object on the RPs placed at right angle to each other.

The word ORTHO means perpendicular. In this projection, the

projectors are perpendicular to the POP and parallel to each

other. Different views of an object are obtained by viewing it

from different direction. Thought multiview projection is a type of

orthographic projection.


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ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONIsometric projection is a type of an axonometric projection. Isometric means

equal measure. As the name suggested in isometric projection, all mutually

perpendicular plane surface of an object and the edges formed by these surfaces

are equally inclined. Isometric projection is a method for visually representing

three-dimensional objects in two dimensions in technical and engineering

drawings. It is an axonometric projection in which the three coordinate axes

appear equally foreshortened and the angles between any two of them are 120

degrees. Isometric drawing is another way of presenting designs/drawings inthree dimensions. The example opposite has been drawn with a 30 degree set


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square. Designs are always drawn at 30 degrees in isometric projection.


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PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION

An object appears differently when viewed from differentdirections such a view of an object which changes with respect

to the observers location is called perspective projection. It

provides realistic 3-D view of an object. The perspective views

are much similar to the images seen by human eye or

photograph by a camera. Hence, they are used in architectural

and civil engineering drawings to indicate exteriors and

interiors of the buildings. They are also used in advertisements

campaigns to make it easier for a layperson to understand thefeatures of the product. Perspective views are not used in

manufacturing drawings.Perspective projection is a slightly

more complicated method of projection, and more frequently

used because it creates the illusion of distance and thus

produces a more realistic image. Geometrically speaking, the

difference between this method and orthographic projection is

that in perspective projection, the view volume is a frustum

that is, a truncated pyramidrather than an axis-aligned box.

The perspective projection requires greater definition. A

conceptual aid to understanding the mechanics of this

projection involves treating the 2D projection as being viewed

through a camera viewfinder. The camera's position,

orientation, and field of view control the behaviour of the

projection transformation.


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Reference

ENGIEERING DRAWING (Dhananjay A Jolhe)

WIKIPEDIA

www.google.com

GOOGLE IMAGES
http://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/

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