Terje Midtbø - OGiC - Perception, colour use and visual effects
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Transcript of Terje Midtbø - OGiC - Perception, colour use and visual effects
Communication The brain:
”…….a man shal more profite, in one wike, by figures and chartis, well and properly made, than he shall by only reding or herying the rules of that science by the space of half a yer at the lest…….” Thomas Elyot (1531)
Robinson og Petcheniks model
A
A = World of the cartographer
B
B = World of the map reader
M1
M1 = Map reader already knows
M2
M2 = Information apprehended by B
M3
M3 = Information missed by B
(Induction)
U = Indirectly expanded knowledge of geographic content
U
Colour theory Physical Physiological Psychological
Art or ……?
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Visible light
Visible light have wave length between 380 and 740 nm (nanometre 10-9 m)
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Historic primary colours
Primary colours
Secondary colours
Tertiary colours Yellow Orange
Yellow Green Orange
Red
Red Violet
Violet Blue
Blue Green
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Modern colour combination
Additiv mixture of colours
TV screen an example. Mixture of red, green and blue pixels Colour depend strength of each Of the pixels
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Subtraktive colour mixture CMYK
C (Cyan) - M (Magenta) - Y(Yellow) - K (key - black pigment) K – amount of black Print
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Graphic print
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Visible light Visible on screen (RGB) Visible on print (CMYK)
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Hue is varioation in wave length
Hue
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The colours location in a greyscale
Value
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Saturation The purity of a colour
Low saturation at left – high saturation at right
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Eye
What you see depends on who you are!
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Eye
Distribution of sencory cells
Different kinds of cones
Colour-blindness
Normally sight Red - Green Blue - Yellow
8% of all men, 0.5% of all women
Congenital or as result of illness
Colour-blindness
Colour-blindness
Ishihara-test
Neighbour colours are important?
Colour contrasts
Red text on blue background is difficult
for the eye (big difference in refraction index)
Lesbarhet
Svart mot gult 94,2 %
Hvit mot rødaktig blå 93,1 %
Svart mot hvit 88,6 %
Blått mot gult 83,2 %
Rødt mot gult 79,5 %
Rødt mot grønt 66,9 %
Blått mot grønt 55,4 %
Svart mot rødt 49,9 %
Mørkegrått mot rødt 48,1 %
Hvit mot gul 46,8 %
Grått mot grønt 44,0 %
Grått mot blått 43,2 %
Lys grå mot gul 42,5 %
Blått mot rødt 65,8 %
Readability
Skandinaviska Färginstituttet, Johansson 2002
Psycology and colours
Blue Blue and purple is a colour for kings Blue water and sky Blue is the coldest colour Blue is symbolizing cleanness The colour of poetry Blue is sadness and blues Symbolizes piece Uncertainty Blue-eyed, naïve Conservative politics
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Grønt Comforting effect Growth and fertility Spring and hope Green - go (drive) here Greenhorn – rookie - unexperienced Jealousi Environment Freedom – green stripe in Italian flag
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Kalde og varme farger
Red
Revolution Love Blood – rudhira (Sanskrit for
blood) First colour a baby can
perceive Stressful – influence on
people’s blood preasure Anger Girl Danger
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Colour association
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Complimentary colours
Diametrally location in colour circle
Greatest contrast Harmonic
Avoid yellow on white background
Avoid saturated colours on large areas
Grey background is good!
Avoid restless line patterns
Equidistant grey scale
5%
10%
15%
85%
90%
95%
Øyebevegelser
Optical illusions
Kva er figuren?
Which is the dominating figure?
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Po
Poggendorf’s illusion
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Gestalt rules - continuation
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Lengd på linjer
Lengd på linjer
Adelson’s illusjon - Kontraster
… a small test
PARISIN THE
THE SPRING
Two ladies?
Bird or fish?
Kva dyr er dette?
Visual variables and theire qualities
Localization
Size
Value
Texture
Colour
Direction
Shape
Godstrafikk med jernbane Breddeproporsjonalt band
Grafisk variabel farge
Dynamic maps
Dynamic variables and their properties
Example on dynamic maps
History of religion
Hurricane – New Orleans
Convey time in a dynamic map
Typical: text string
Visual variables for presenting time
Order - ordering variables (location, size, value..)
The visual variable showing time has to be different from the visual variable for the main phenomenon.
How can we perceive the «time variable»
Focus on main phenomenon – time comprehended by the periheral-sight
Peripheral-sight is sensitive for value, less sensitive for colours
Minimizing the eye movement between the main phenomenon and the time variable
Visualization of time - examples
Time illustrated by a linear animation
Time illustrated by a cirkular animation
Time illustrated by a text
Other animations of time
Activating legend Symbols in the legend are interactive A ghost image of the symbol is “draggable” The “ghost symbol” can be compared to the animated
symbol in the map A growing bar is indicating time When the “ghost symbol” overlap the map symbol more
information is showed in the time bar For example indication if the animated symbol is larger
or less then the corresponding symbol in the legend Example
Animated legend
For the closer study of selected sites in an animated map. Selection of site by draggable arrow.
Ghost of animated symbol is showed in legend Size of ghost symbol corresponds to size of animated
map symbol Position of ghost symbol is also adapted to the
legend Example
Animated legend with tracking
To better study the variation in the animated map symbol over a certain period of time
The variation is represented by a curve in the time-indicator
Example 1 Example 2
Multiple tracks
To compare animated symbols in different sites
Choice of sites by arrows Colour-code on the different sites Example
Combination of time bar and legend
Colours from the choropleth map in the time indicator
Tracks/curves are indicating the history of the situation in the area
Example
Animations – static information
”Theme wheel” ”Rehabilitation of pie-chart”
Thank you !