Tennessee Geography Intersecting with Tennessee History A Unit Presented by John M. Isabell.
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Transcript of Tennessee Geography Intersecting with Tennessee History A Unit Presented by John M. Isabell.
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Tennessee GeographyIntersecting with Tennessee History
A Unit Presented by
John M. Isabell
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Geologic Map of Tennessee
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Six Geologic Regions of Tennessee
• Blue Ridge Mountains• Great Valley of
Tennessee• Cumberland Plateau
• Highland Rim• Nashville Basin (aka
Central Basin)• Gulf Coastal Plain
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Relief Map of Tennessee
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Major Rivers & Lakes of Tennessee
• The Mississippi River• The Tennessee River• The Cumberland River
• Reelfoot Lake
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Annual Precipitation in Tennessee
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Climate Facts About Tennessee
• Average Summer Temperature is 85-95 degrees Fahrenheit
• Average Winter Temperature rarely falls below 10 degrees Fahrenheit
• Tennessee Averages 50 inches of Precipitation a year
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Prehistoric Native American Groups in Tennessee
• Paleo-Indians (15,000 years ago) Hunters/Gatherers
• Archaic Indians (8,000 years ago) First to begin farming
• Woodland Indians (1000 –800 B.C.) First permanent settlements and were mound builders
• Mississippian Indians (1000 A.D.) Mound builders with large, complext societies
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Mound near Nashville, TN
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Old Stone Fort of Mississippian Era
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Artist’s rendition of a Mississippian Village
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Marble Statues of Mississippian Culture
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Painting of Mississippian Era Indian circa 1565
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Major Historic Native American Groups in Tennessee
• Cherokee• Chickasaw
• Creek (includes remnants of Yuchi)
• Shawnee
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Detail Map of Location of Major Eastern Native American Tribes
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Spanish Explorers in Tennessee
• Hernando de Soto (1540)
• Juan Pardo (1566
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French Explorers in Tennessee
• Father Jacques Marquette & Louis Joliet (1673)
• Robert Cavalier de La Salle (1680-1682)
• Jean Couture (1696)
• French Traders establish trading post at Great Salt Lick/French Lick (Nashville)
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English Explorers
• James Needham & Gabriel Arthur (1673)
Needham is killed by guide known as Indian John.
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Long Hunters Explore Tennessee
• Dr. Thomas Walker explores into Kentucky and Tennessee: Names the Cumberland Gap after Lord Cumberland
• Daniel Boone also explores into Kentucky and Tennessee and leads many settlers through the Cumberland Gap
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Stahlnaker: Indian Trader who may have given Thomas Walker Directions for the Cumberland
Gap
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Daniel Boone leading settlers through the Cumberland Gap
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Settlers Spread into Tennessee
• First settler is William Bean in 1768. Others soon follow and establish the settlement of Watauga.
• James Robertson leads first large group to what will become Watauga in 1770-1771.
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The Watauga Association Commissioners
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James Robertson
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Two Journeys To Cumberland Settlements
• James Robertson leads party of men and livestock overland through the Cumberland Gap.
• They have some encounters with Native Americans, but have relatively easy trip.
• John Donelson leads women and children by riverboat on the Tennessee, Ohio and Cumberland Rivers
• They encounter horrid weather, hostile Native Americans and endure great hardships.
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The Cumberland Settlements