Ten Sentences A Day for Eight Weeks Dictation Everydayyamagen/... · te-ita te-iru te-te te-te...

Ten Sentences A Day for Eight WeeksDictation Everyday

Volume 1

TokyoTechXLet’s learn Japanese through Listening Practices

Hilofumi YamamotoPh.D. in Linguistics

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Ten Sentences A Day: Dictation Everyday, Volume 1

“His Master’s Voice” by Francis Barraud (1856-1924)It is the logo for many gramophone and recording brands like HMV, EMI, RCA.The curious dog which looks and listens to the gramophone goes by the name of Nipper.Jack Russell Terrier Nipper

Hilofumi Yamamoto, Ph.D. in Linguistics, Tokyo Institute of Technologyc⃝Hilofumi Yamamoto, 2019

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Barraud

https://www.thevintagenews.com/2017/12/12/jack-russell-terrier-nipper/

iii

Preface

This is one of the Japanese textbooks by edX MOOCs Tokyo Institute of TechnologyOnline Education Development Room. There is a knack to studying languages. Youshould not stick to the details of it. It is also necessary to get used to thinking thatit does not matter. No matter how much the structure of the bicycle you study, youwill not be able to ride a bicycle. There are many people who are riding a bicyclewith no knowledge of the structure of the bicycle. Just watching a bicycle will notallow you to ride a bicycle. Anyway, if you do not ride a bicycle, you will not be ableto ride. Let’s try it.

Hilofumi Yamamoto, Ph.D.Professor of Linguistics

Tokyo Institute of Technology

Abbreviation

1G 1st group verb2G 2nd group verb3G 3rd group verbadj adjectiveadv adverbarchaic archaic wordcasual casual stylecausa causativecol colloquial expressionv.comp compound verbn.comp compound nouncond conditional formformal formal styleGN grammar noteshonor an honorific form of verb,i-adj i-adjectiven noun

na-adj na-adjectivenon-past non past tensepsiv passive voicepast past tensepot potential formprefix prefixsuffix suffixsuru suru verbte-iru te-irute-ita te-irute-te te-tete-ta te-tav.te te-form of verbv verbvi intransit verbvoli volitional formvt transit verb

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Contents

Chapter 1 Getting Started 11.1 Let’s practice everyday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Listen to what you like and write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 Listen to sentences of your favorite genre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 Write as you heard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.5 Scoring and Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.6 Exchange of opinions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Chapter 2 Basic Knowledge 32.1 Hiragana and 50 sounds chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.2 Verb types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.3 Basics Sentence Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.4 Tone and Intonation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Chapter 3 Dictation 53.1 Week 1: Fatique Communion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.2 Week 2: Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.3 Week 3: Food Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.4 Week 4: Culture and Play . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233.5 Week 5: Interaction and Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283.6 Week 6: Strategic Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343.7 Week 7: Natural Speaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393.8 Week 8: Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Appendix A Grammar the Essentials 47

Appendix B Recommendations 51

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Chapter 1

Getting Started

1.1 Let’s practice everydayFirst of all, it is important to practice every day. Let’s do it again and again everyday.Dictation is a very simple exercise of writing audible sounds and easy-to-follow

activities. It is very important that the method is simple. If it is content of yourfavorite genre, you can listen and write whatever you want, so it’s easy to choosematerials. Let’s challenge and write as many times as possible. While listening againand again, you will become thinking about the reason why you cannot do it. Thisidea is called a strategy. In order to improve your language skills, you need to thinkabout your strategy. Because the strategy is different for each person to learn, it isimportant to find your strategies. Dictation provides a very good opportunity to findthe tips you can do for yourself.

1.2 Listen to what you like and writeIt is important to definitely listen to the contents of the script. Nowadays, it’s veryconvenient because many of YouTube video footages have subtitles in various languagerecently. After seeing the subtitle, it is a very good way to repeat the phrases, withoutlooking at subtitles. It is also a good way to write immediately without looking atsubtitles. Both are a good way, but choosing what you like most. No matter howdifficult it is, if it is your favorite content, it is worth trying to catch it. Please feelfree to write with your wild guess while thinking “It might be said such a thing.”Easiness is different from person to person. Rather than easiness, you should choosewhat you like. If you feel it is difficult, choose short ones and listen. Even shortones can be difficult. However, you can identify where it is difficult. The difficulty isoften caused by not being aware of the content itself of a word even though the worditself is simple and easy to understand. That’s why there is something you do notunderstand even if you look up the dictionary even no matter how many times youlisten. It is important to hear what you are interested in the content.

1.3 Listen to sentences of your favorite genreAt the beginning, let’s write without looking at the workbook. Let’s write the sentencelittle by little after listening. Since every sentence is a short sentence, please pressthe Play button and listen again and again. In the same way, choose your favorite

2 Chapter 1 Getting Started

program and let’s write short sentences. You can choose your favorite program,favorite content. If you are studying mathematics, it is good way for you to choosea YouTube program in mathematics which you can understand the content. Also, ifyour hobby is gardening, it would be a nice way to choose a video about gardening.When one listens to something, one would not listen to things that are not related tooneself. Let’s think about what you are interested in the first place.

1.4 Write as you heardYou write down the sentences that you heard several times. Even if you do not knowthe spelling of words you just listened, you should spell the sentence out. Since it isnot a test, you can type it out with checking the spelling using a dictionary. I thinkthere are cases where unknown words come out. There is something that you do notabsolutely know what you are going to hear. You do not mind listen it over and overagain until you give it up. It is also important to check whether sentences you writedown grammatically are correct. While watching the completed sentence, listen tothe sentence again and fix it if necessary.

1.5 Scoring and FeedbackIf you can hear it but you misspelled it, you only have to learn the spelling. However,in dictation, there are times when you mistakenly write by listening to similar words.There are also sounds which you skip to write since you fail to hear them. In addition,there are times when multiple words are connected and it is not easy to know wherethe boundary of a word is. In listening exercises that just listened to with your ears,you remain vague and you can not clearly see what you could not do. However, as adictation, you will actually understand clearly where you cannot do it. For example,if you missed the preposition, you could not hear the change, such as the connectionof the sound, it is merely one of the reasons.

1.6 Exchange of opinionsThe system will sometimes show sentences which you could not write properly before,and you will review those sentences again. Please try reading aloud by shadowing,reciting, etc. After daily dictation, there is a questionnaire. Please inquire aboutwhere it was difficult, what could not be done, how can you do it?

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Chapter 2

Basic Knowledge

2.1 Hiragana and 50 sounds chartHiragana is the basis of Japanese, which consists of 50 sounds. It is a combinationof five vowels and 10 consonants. Practicing the following basic words, you canlearn everything. What is more important is that verbs are conjugated based onTableAppendix A.

Table 2.1: Japanese verb conjugation system based on 50 sounds. V means vowel.each of k, s, t, n, h, m, y, r, and w means consonnant.

w r y m h n t s k V formわらやまはなたさかあ 1st a -nai negative

り　みひにちしきい 2nd i -masu conjunctiveるゆむふぬつすくう 3rd u -. dictionaryれ　めへねてせけえ 4th e -ru potentional

んろよもほのとそこお 5th o -u volitional

2.2 Verb typesThe conjugation of Japanese verbs is classified into three types.

• 1st group verb (1G) conjugates according to aiueo vowels.• 2nd group verb (2G) includes two types of verbs: i-verb conjugates accordingto vowel ‘i’, and e-verb conjugates according to vowel ‘e’.

• 3rd group verb (3G) conjugates irregularly. Only two verbs ‘suru’ (do) and‘kuru’ (come) belong to this group.

1st group verb conjugates as shown in TableAppendix A. In the case of ‘write’,the negative form is ‘a-nai’, like ‘kakanai’; The masu-form is ‘i-masu’ like ‘kakimasu’;the dictionary form is ‘u-.’ Like ‘kaku’; the possible form is ‘e-ru’ like ‘kaku’; and thevolitional form becomes ‘o-u’ like ‘kako’.You can see that it is conjugated by consonants k + vowels, a, i, u, e, and o.The 2nd Group verbs conjugate as follows: i-verb: kinai/not wear, kimasu/wear,

kiru/wear, kireru/can wear, kiyo/will wear. e-verb: tabenai/not eat, tabemasu/eat,taberu/eat, tabereru/can eat, tabeyo/will eat.The 3rd group verbs conjugate as follows: suru/do: shinai/not do, shimasu/do,

4 Chapter 2 Basic Knowledge

suru/do, dekiru/can do, shiyo/will do. kuru/come: konai/not come, kimasu/come,kuru/come, korareru/can come, koyo/will come. Since they conjugate irregularly, youmust learn them as they are, but since they are commonly used verbs, you will beable to remember them easily while using them.

2.3 Basics Sentence PatternsThere are some very fundamental things before beginning this course. The type ofJapanese sentences can be categorized roughly into 4 types. It is a verb sentence, ani-adjective(i ending adjective) sentence, a na-adjective(na ending adjective) sentence,and a noun sentence.

In addition to that, in Japanese, there are six (2 × 3) patterns of sentence endsconsisting of a combination of casual/formal level and positive/negative sentence, andnon-past/past tense.

1. Casual and Formal2. Positive and Negative3. Tone and Intonation

2.3.1 Casual and Formal

1. Noun end CasualA: 元気？ B: うん、元気。/ううん、元気じゃない。A: Fine? B: Yes I am./No, I am not.

2. Noun end FormalA: 元気ですか。 B: ええ、元気です。/いいえ、元気じゃありません。A: Are you fine? B: Yes I am./No, I am not.

2.3.2 Non-past and Past

1. Casual Non-past: 食べる。2. Casual Past: 食べた。3. Casual Past Negative: 食べなかった。4. Formal Non-past: 食べます。5. Formal Past Negative: 食べませんでした。

Representative sounds of non-past sentences are ‘ru’ and ‘u.’ On the other hand,the representative sound at the end of the past sentence is ‘ta.’ It will not changeeven when it is Formal.

2.4 Tone and IntonationQuestion sentence puts ‘ka’ at the end of a sentence or raises a tone of voice, itbecomes a question.

• Rising tone• Up and down

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Chapter 3

Dictation

The important thing you should do is to keep practicing everyday. If you keep itdoing, you will come to regard it as a habit. And finally you will become not to haveeven any consciousness that you are using language. Type it as you hear accordingto the video footages with English captions.

3.1 Week 1: Fatique CommunionFatique communion is one of the fundamental functions of language and an indispens-able notion of communication as well.

3.1.1 Day 1

Greeting is the most basic word to build interpersonal relationships. If you do notgreet, you will be in a quite bad situation. Energetically pleasant, let’s greet. Yousurely can start a good human relationship.

Sentences1. はじめまして。

Hello.2. おはようございます。

Good morning.3. 失礼します。

I will excuse you.4. じゃ、また。

Good bye then.5. イギリス出身です。

I am from the UK.6. ありがとうございます。

Thank you.7. 失礼しました。

I’m sorry.8. ちょっと、いいですか。

May I ask you for something?9. どうですか。

How do you thing?

6 Chapter 3 Dictation

10. ええ、どうぞ。Yes, please.ええ、どうぞ。

Words and Expressions失礼/shitsurei (excuse me), します [する]/shimasu[suru] (vt.formal.do), じゃ/ja(so), また/mata (again), イギリス/igirisu (England), .. 出身/..shusshin (befrom..), です [だ]/desu[da] (noun sentence end), しました [する]/shimashita[suru](vt.past.formal.do), ちょっと/chotto (a little), いい/ii (good) か/ka (questionparticle), どう/do (how), ええ/ee (yes), どうぞ/dozo (please),

3.1.2 Day 2

Let’s ask questions using invitation expressions. These expressions can be used inde-pendently. There are no conjugations of verbs at all. You can use as it is. Let’s useit as soon as you encounter a scene that you can use.

Sentences1. いいですねぇ。

It is nice.2. ぜひ、お願いします。

Yes, please.3. ええ、よろこんで。

Yes, my pleasure.4. その日はちょっと...。

That day is kinda ....5. 行けたら行きます。

I will go if I can go.6. 聞いてもいい？

May I ask you?7. どこですか。

Where is it?8. どうでしたか。

How was it?9. どっち？

Which one? which way?10. コーヒーとか、どうですか。

How about coffee?

Words and Expressionsねぇ/ne (a sentence end particle which soften a sentence with agreement), ぜひ/zehi(by all means), お願いします [する]/o-negai-shimasu[suru] (please), よろこんで [よろこぶ]/yorokonde[yorokobu] (vi.te.be-delighted.my-pleasure), その/sono (that), 日/hi(day), は/wa (topic marker particle), ちょっと.../chotto.. (is kind a..), 行けたら/iketara (v.tara.go: GN v.tara conditional form),行きます/ikimasu (vi.go formal/non-past), 聞いて/kiite (vt.ask v.te), .. てもいい/..temoii (may I), どこ/doko (where), どう/how (how), .. でしたか/dodeshitaka (how was it?), どっち/dotti (which), コーヒー/kohi (coffee) ..とか/..toka (something like..),

3.1 Week 1: Fatique Communion 7

3.1.3 Day 3

Food is a culture itself. We always talk about food. The topic of food is useful atanytime and anywhere.

Sentences1. おにぎり、ひとつ。ええ、それだけ。

Onigiri, one. Yes, that’s it.2. じゃ、チケット、とっとく。

Then, the ticket, I will reserve it.3. ええ、のみもの、かっときます。

Yes, a drink, I will buy it.4. コーラ、飲む？

Do you a cola?5. もういっぱい、どうです？

How about one more?6. いや、もういっぱい。ありがとう。

No, I am full. Thank you.7. 何か、食べる？

Do you want to eat something?8. パスタなんか、いいですね。

Pasta is nice, is not it?9. うちで、作って食べましょうよ。

Let’s make and eat something at home.10. そう、じゃ、わたしも作りますよ。

Yes, so, I will make something too.

Words and Expressionsぎょうざ/gyoza (dumplings), ピザ/piza (pizza), おにぎり/onigiri (rice ball), ひとつ/hitotsu (one), ..だけ/..dake (only..), チケット/chiketto (ticket), とっとく/tottoku(vi.reserve), のみもの/nomimono (drink), かっときます/kattokimasu (buy it in ad-vance), コーラ/kora (Cola), 飲む/nomu (vi.drink), いっぱい/ippai (full), 何か/nanika(something),パスタ/pasuta (pasta), うちで/uchide (at home), 作って/tsukutte→作る/tsukuru (vt.make), 食べましょう/tabemasho→食べる/taberu (vt.eat: GN v.masho),じゃ/ja (then), も/mo (also,too), 作ります/tsukurimasu (vt.formal.make)→ 作る/t-sukuru (vt.make),

3.1.4 Day 4

Being healthy is very important. But healthy you may get sick, too. Also, friendsmay get sick. Let’s study simple expressions on diseases.

Sentences1. 頭が痛い。

I have got a headache.2. お腹が痛い。


I have got a stomachache.3. だるいし、力が出ない。

I feel woozy and tired.4. 頭がぼんやりする。

I’m out of it./I feel drowsy.5. 鼻水が止まらない。

The runny nose does not stop.6. 熱がある。

I have a fever.7. 花粉症？

Hay fever?8. 目が痒い。

I’ve got itchy eyes./My eyes are itchy.9. くしゃみが止まらない。

Sneezing does not stop.10. 熱っぽい。

I may have a fever.

Words and Expressions頭 (head), 痛い (painful), お腹 (stomach), だるい (woozy), 力 (power), 出る (vi.out)ぼんやり (drowsy), 鼻水 (running nose), 止まる (stop), 熱 (fever), 花粉/kafun (polen),症/sho (disease), 花粉症/kafunsho (hey fever), 目 (eyes), 痒い (itchy), くしゃみ (sneez-ing), 熱っぽい (feverish),

3.1.5 Day 5

Let’s try to praise someone. There will always be timing for praise.

Sentences1. 私のよりずっとうまい。

It is much better than mine.2. どちらかというと、からい。

It is hot rather it is.3. どちらがすき？

Which do you line?4. どちらでも、ええ、いいですよ。

Anything for me.5. 上手ですね。

You are good at it.6. いえいえ、まだまだ。

No, it is not yet.7. いえ、うまいですよ。

No, it is delicious/good.8. もっと練習しますね。

I will practice it more.9. なかなかここまでは。

It is pretty far.

3.1 Week 1: Fatique Communion 9

10. ええ、びっくり。Yes, I was surprised.

Words and Expressions私/watashi (I; me), ずっと/zutto (far; much), うまい/umai (good; delicious), どちらか/dochiraka (one of any ; which), からい/karai (hot; salty), どちら/dochira(which), すきな/sukina (na-adj.like), どちらでも/dochirademo (either), いい/ii (i-adj.good), ..が上手/..ga jozu (na-adj.good at..), まだまだ/madamada (not yet), もっと/motto (more), 練習/renshu (suru-vn.practice), なかなか/nakanaka (hardly), ここまでは/kokomadewa (so far), ここ/koko (here), まで/made (until), は/wa (p-topic),びっくり/bikkuri (suru-vn.surprised)

3.1.6 Day 6

Let’s study i-Adjectives. Adjectives can express things’ values, judgments, prefer-ences, etc. The i-Adjective is an adjective ending with ‘i’. The negative form of thei-Adjective uses ‘ku-nai’ instead of ‘i’. In the past tense of the adjectives, ‘-katta’is used instead of ‘i’. In the case of ‘ii’ (good), the sound changes a little, and use‘yokunai’ (not good) or ‘yokatta’ (was good).

Sentences1. この本、おもしろい？

Is this book interesting?2. ええ、とてもおもしろかった。

Yeah, it was very interesting.3. パーティー、楽しかった？

Party, was it fun?4. うーん、あまり楽しくなかった。

Well, it was not much fun.5. 何かうれしいこと、あったの？

Do you have something happy?6. そう、チョコレートもらった。

Yes, I got a chocolate.7. そう、それはよかったですね。

So, it was good.8. それ、おいしいの？

Is it delicious?9. それがあまりおいしくないんだ。

But it is not very tasty.10. それは残念ですね。

So, I am sorry.

Words and Expressionsこの/kono (this), 本/hon (book), おもしろい/omoshiroi (i-adj.interesting) ええ/e(yes), とても/totemo (very), おもしろかった/omoshirokatta (i-adj.past.interesting),パーティー/pati (party), 楽しかった/tanoshikatta (i-adj.past.fun), うーん/un (well..),あまり/amari (not much), 楽しくなかった/tanoshikunakatta (i-adj.past.negative.fun),


何か/nanika (something), うれしい/ureshi (i-adj.happy), こと/koto (thing), あった/atta (vi.past.be), の/no (question marker), そう/so (yes), チョコレート/chokoreto(chocholate),もらった/moratta (vt.past.get),よかった/yokatta (i-adj.past.good),それ/sore (it), おいしい/oishi (i-adj.delicious) それが/sorega (but), おいしくない/oishiku-nai (i-adj.neg.delicious) んだ/nda (exp.insist), 残念/zannen (na-adj.sorry),

3.1.7 Day 7

Let’s learn na-Adjectives in the situations of daily life.

Sentences1. 元気な人ですね。

He is a cheerful person.2. 健康な食生活していますか。

Do you have a healthy diet?3. 活発な意見交換をお願いします。

Please exchange active opinions.4. いつも部屋はきれいですか。

Is the room always clean?5. ええ、いつもきれいにしていますよ。

Yeah, I always keep it clean.6. きれいな部屋は気持ちいいですよね。

A beautiful room makes us feeling good.7. 好きなものは何ですか。ラーメンですか。

What is your favorite thing? A ramen?8. じゃ、嫌いなものはなんですか。

So what do you dislike?9. もう少し簡単な問題をやってみましょう。

Let’s try a little easier problem.10. もう少し簡単にできないかな。

I wonder if I can do it a bit more easily.

Words and Expressions元気な/genkina (na-adj.cheerful), 人/hito (person), 健康な/kenkona (na-adj.healthy),食生活/shokuseikatsu (healty diet), 活発な/kappatsuna (na-adj.active), 意見/iken(opinion), 交換/kokan (exchange), を/o (particle.object.marker), お願いします/onegaishimasu (please), いつも/itsumo (always), 部屋/heya (room), は/wa (parti-cle.topic.marker), きれいな/kireina (na-adj.clean; → na-adj.na/ni), きれいに/kireini(na-adj-adv.clean; → na-adj.na/ni), 好きな/sukina (na-adj.favorite; → na-adj.na/ni),もの/mono (thing), 何/nan (what), ラーメン/ramen (ramen), じゃ/ja (so), 嫌いな/kiraina (na-adj.dislike), もう/mo (more), 少し/sukoshi (a little), 簡単な/kantanna(na-adj.easy; → na-adj.na/ni), 問題/mondai (problem), を/o (particle.object.marker)みましょう/mimasho (let’s try to do..)。

3.2 Week 2: Preferences 11

3.2 Week 2: Preferences

3.2.1 Day 8

Asking personal preferences is common in everyday life. It is a convenient expressionthat can be used when providing food and drinks. Let’s ask in a soft way of saying.

Sentences1. A=好きですか。 B=いいえ、嫌いです。

A=Do you like it? B=No, I hate it.2. これは大好きですが、あれは大嫌いです。

I love this a lot but I hate that a lot.3. カレーは好きだけど、納豆は嫌い。

I like curry, but I hate natto.4. A=いいですね。B=いいえ、あまりよくない。

A=It is nice. B=No, It’s not very good.5. 赤いのがいいし、青いのもいい。だけど、黒いのはよくない。

A red one is good and a blue one is also good. But a black one is not good.6. 走るのはいいけど、歩くのはよくない。

I am good at running, but not good at walking.7. 読むのは得意だけど、話すのは苦手です。

I am good at reading, but I am not good at talking.8. 料理は苦手だけど、食べるのは得意ですよ。

I am not good at cooking, but I am good at eating.9. 見るだけならいいけど、買うのはね、ちょっと。

It is good only to see it, but not good to buy it.10. おもしろいという評判ですよ。

It has a reputation that it is interesting.

Words and Expressionsけど/kedo (but), .. が得意/..ga tokui (na-adj.be good at..), 好き/suki (vt.like), 嫌い/kirai (na-adj.dislike), 大好き/daisuki (na-adj.like very much), 大嫌い/daikirai (na-adj.hate very much), カレー/kare (curry), 納豆/natto (natto), いい/ii (i-adj.good), あまり.. ない/amari..nai (not..very much), 赤い/akai (i-adj.red), 青い/aoi (i-adj.blue),黒い/kuroi (i-adj.black), よくない/yokunai (not good), 走る/hashiru (vi.run), 歩く/aruku (vi.walk), 読む/yomu (vt.read), 得意/tokui (na-adj.good at) 話す/hanasu(vt.speak), 苦手/nigate (na-adj.not good at..), 料理/ryori (suru-vn.cook), 食べる/taberu (vt.eat), 見る/miru (vt.see; watch), だけ/dake (only), .. なら/nara (if itis..), 買う/kau (vt.buy), ちょっと/chotto (a little/bit), おもしろい/omoshiroi (i-adj.interesting), 評判/hyoban (reputation),

3.2.2 Day 9

I think that it is often good, but I think that it is few that it is bad. But sometimesyou have to say what is wrong.


Sentences1. 悪いなぁ。

It’s bad.2. 悪い悪い！すまない。

I am terribly sorry.3. とんでもないよ。

No such thing at all.4. おもしろくないよね。

It is not interesting at all, is it?5. つまらないですよ。

It’s boring.6. 悪いなあ、つき合わせちゃって。

I am sorry that I took your time.(casual style)7. 最低！

That is the worst ever.8. すばらしい出来栄えですね。

It is a wonderful work.9. おみごと。

It is very fantastic work.10. ずいぶん積極的ですね。

You are very active.

Words and Expressions悪い/warui (i-adj.bad), すまない/sumanari (i-adj.sorry), とんでもない/tondemonai(i-adj.not at all), つまらない/tsumaranai (i-adj.not interesting), つき合わせる/tsuki-awase-ru (vt.2g.make sb with me), ちゃって/chatte (GN te.shimau), 最低/saitei(worst ever), すばらしい/subarashi (wonderful), 出来栄え/dekibae (workmanship),おみごと/omigoto (well done), ずいぶん/zuibun (very), 積極的/sekkyokuteki (na-adj.positive;active)

3.2.3 Day 10

Asking preferences

Sentences1. ええ、どちらでも。

Yes, whichever.2. やってみたい。

I want to try it.3. 一度、行ってみる。

I will try to go there.4. いっしょに、どう？

How about going there with me?5. もう一杯、いかがですか。

Why don’t you have another one?6. ええ、ぜひ。


Yes, certainly.7. ええ、まあ、行けたら行きますね。

Well, well, I will go if I can.8. ええ、また、今度。

Ah, yeah, next time, but thank you.9. ちょっと、聞いてもいい？

Can I ask/listen to..?10. ちょっと、頼んでもいい？

Can I ask you for something?

Words and Expressionsどちら/dochirademo (whichever), やって → やる/yaru (vt.te.do: GN v.te), みたい/mitai (want to try), 一度/ichido (once), 行って/itte→行く/iku (v.te.go: GN v.te), ..てみる/temiru (v.te.try: GN v.te-miru), いっしょに/isshoni (together), どう/do (how;how about ..ing), もう/mo (more), 一杯/ippai (a cup), いかが/ikaga (how.polite), まあ/ma (well), 行けたら/iketara (if I can go: GN v.pot.tara), 行けた/iketa (v.pot.past.go;could go: GN v.pot), 今度/kondo (next time), .. てもいい/..temoii (May I ..), 頼んで/tanonde→頼む/tanomu (vt.ask),

3.2.4 Day 11

Adjectives.

Sentences1. A=おもしろい？ B=おもしろくない！

A=Interesting? B=Nope, not interesting.2. A=おいしい？ B=おいしくない！

A=Tastes good? B=No, it doesn’t taste good.3. A=たのしい？ B=たのしくない！

A=You’ve got a fun? B=Nope, not at all.4. A=いい？ B=よくない！

A=Good? Not good.5. A=うれしい？ B=うれしくない！

A=こんなの！ Happy? B=Not at all, such a thing.6. A=かわいい？ B=かわいくないよ！

A=Cute? B=Not cute.7. A=悪い？ B=悪くないです。ぜんぜんいいですよ。

A=Bad? B=It’s not bad. It’s totally OK.8. A=あまい？ B=あまくないか。

A=Sweet? B=Not sweet.9. A=からい？ B=あーから！からい、からい、ヒィー！

A=Hot? B=Yeh HOT HOT!10. A=大きい？ B=大きくない！もっと、大きいのください！

A=Big? B=No, it’s not big. Please give me bigger one!


Words and Expressionsおもしろくない/omoshirokunai (i-adj.neg.; not interesting: GN i-adj.neg), たのしい/tanoshii (i-adj.fun), よくない/yokunai (i-adj.neg.not good), こんなの/konnano(such a thing), かわいい/kawaii (i-adj.cute), 悪い/warui (i-adj.bad), あまい/amai(i-adj.sweet), からい/karai (i-adj.hot), 大きい/okii (i-adj.big)

3.2.5 Day 12

What do you want to do?

Sentences1. いいですねぇ。たべたいですねぇ。

It looks good! I want to eat it.2. あったかーい。たべたいですねぇ。

It is warm! I want to eat it.3. ゲーム好き！やりたーい。

I love game! I want to play!4. アイドルになりたーい！なりたいんです。

I want to be an idol! I really want to be!5. ぼくは役者になりたいんです。私は女優になりたいんです。

I want to be an actor. I want to be an actress.6. 私はもう帰りたい。

I want to go home now!7. A=有名になりたい？ B=有名にはなりたくないんですね。

A=Do you want to be famous? B=I don’t want to be famous.8. A=水、飲みます？ B=いいえ。（×水のみたい？）

A=Do you want to drink a water? B=Nope.9. A=水、あります？ B=ええ、どうぞ。

A=Do you have a glass of water? B=Yes, please.10. A=お風呂に入ります？ B=ええ！でもあとで。

A=Do you want to take a bath? B=Yes, but later.

Words and Expressionsたべたい/tabetai (v.tai.want to eat: GN v.tai), ゲーム/gemu (game), 好き/suki(na-adj.like), アイドル/aidoru (idol), なりたい/naritai (v.tai.want to be), ぼく/boku(I,me), 役者/yakusha (actor), 私/watashi (I,me), 女優/joyu (actress), 帰りたい/kaer-itai (v.tai.want to go home), 有名/yumei (na-adj.famous), 水/mizu (water), 飲みます/nomimasu→ 飲む/nomu (vt.drink: GN v.tai), お風呂/ofuro (bath), 入ります/hairimasu→入る/hairu (vi.enter),

3.2.6 Day 13

Compliment


Sentences1. 楽しいですね。

It is fun.2. 今日は、一日楽しみましょう。

Let’s enjoy yourself all day long.3. ああ、助かった。

Oh, it helps me a lot.4. がんばれがんばれ、最後まで。

Keep your best till the end.5. それ、いいかも。

That may be good.6. 見違えるようですね。

It looks like a totally different thing from that you made before.7. ルール、まったく無視ですね。

It is totally ignored of rules.8. お時間をかけて申し訳ありません。

I am sorry that I took your time.(formal style)9. 日本の大学に行きたいと思って、日本に来ました。

I wanted to go to a Japanese university and came to Japan.10. A=むずかしい？ B=ええ、とてもむずかしい。でも、ホントはむずかしくな～い。

A=Difficult? B=Yes, it is very difficult. No, it is not difficult at all in fact.

Words and Expressions今日/kyo (today), 一日/ichinichi (all day long), 楽しむ/tanoshimu (vt.enjoy), ..ましょう/..masho (let’s..) 助かった/tasukatta→ 助かる/tasukaru (vi.help), がんばれ/gam-bare (do your best),最後/saigo (end),まで/made (till), ..かも/..kamo (may),見違える/michigaeru (vi.look-differently), ルール/ruru (rule), まったく/mattaku (completely),無視/mushi (n.suru.ignore: GN n.suru), お時間/ojikan (time), かけて/kakete→ かける/kakeru (vt.take), 申し訳ありません/moshiwake arimasen (I am sorry), 日本/ni-hon (Japan), 大学/daigaku (university), .. と思って/..to omou (vt.think), 来ました/kimashita→来る/kuru (vi.past.formal.come), でも/demo (but), ホント/honto (na-adj.fact),

3.2.7 Day 14

Doing something.

Sentences1. 烏龍茶、おいしい？

Oolong tea, tasty?2. マックでバーガー、どう。

How about eating a barger at the Mac?3. スタバでコーヒー、どう。

How about having a cup of coffee at Starbucks?4. 寿司屋でネギトロ丼、どう。

How about having a Negitoro bowl at Sushi restaurant?


5. 図書館で勉強、午後は。I will study at the library in this afternoon.

6. カレー、作ろう！Let’s make Curry!

7. まじっすか。カレー好きなんですよ。Really? I like curry.

8. ぼくは、インスタントラーメンでいいや。I can eat an instant noodle.

9. あっまー、なんでこんなに甘いの？Too much sweet! How come is it so sweet?

10. うめーうめー、ってちょっと下品。Delicious, delicious.., it’s a bit vulgar.

Words and Expressions烏龍茶/uroncha (oolong tea), マック/makku (McDonalds), バーガー/baga (hum-barger), スタバ/sutaba (Starbucks), コーヒー/kohi (coffee), 寿司屋/sushiya(Sushi restaurant), ネギトロ丼/negitorodon (Green-onion and tuna bowl), 図書館/toshokan (library), 午後/gogo (afternoon), カレー/kare (curry), 作ろう/tsukuro(vt.volitional.make)→ 作る/tsukuru (vt.make), まじっすか/majissuka (really.slang),インスタントラーメン/insutantoramen (instant noodle), あっまー/attma (toosweet.slang)→ あまい/amai (i-adj.sweet), なんで/nande (why), こんなに/konnani(so), うめー/ume (delicious.slang), .. って/..tte (..that you said), 下品/gehin(na-adj.vulgar),

3.3 Week 3: Food ExchangeNo one does not eat. If there is, it is the end of life.

3.3.1 Day 15

Ingredient.

Sentences1. A=これ何？ B=さかな／にく／なっとう...好き？食べる？

A=What is this? B=Fish/Meat/Natto...do you like it? Want to have some?2. A=塩辛い？ B=いや、そんなに。

A=Is it salty? B=No, not so much.3. A=やわらかい？ B=うん、食べやすいよ。

A=Soft? B=Yes, it is easy to eat.4. A=固い？ B=いや、それほど。かたくないよ。ふつう。

A=Tough? Not so much. B=It is not tough at all. It is medium.5. A=中国のと同じ？ B=いや、ちょっと違うかなぁ。

A=Is it the same with Chinese one? B=Nope, a bit different isn’t it?6. A=やられたねぇ～これ、うまい！　 B=ホント、うま！

A=You made it! This is gooood! B=That’s true!. It’s good.7. A=できた？ B=ええ、もう少し。／ええ、もうできましたよ。

A=Done? B=A little more./Yes, it’s done!

3.3 Week 3: Food Exchange 17

8. A=もうひとつ作ってくれる？ B=いいですよ。A=Can you make it one more? B=OK.

9. A=どんな油？ B=オリーブオイル。A=What kind of oil? B=Is it olive oil?

10. A=豚？牛？ B=いや、チキン。A=Pork? Beef? B=Nope, it’s chicken.

Words and Expressionsさかな/sakana (fish), にく/niku (meat), なっとう/natto (fermented bean), 好き/suki(na-adj.favorite), 食べる/taberu (vt.eat), 塩辛い/shio-karai (salty), そんなに/sonnani(so much), やわらかい/yawarakai (i-adj.soft), 食べやすい/tabeyasui (i-adj.easy-to-eat:GN sufix.yasui),固い/katai (i-adj.hard,tough),それほど/sorehodo (not so much),ふつう/futsu (normal), 中国/chugoku (China), 同じ/onaji (same), 違う/chigau (different),やられた/yarareta (v.psiv.past.have been done: GN v.psiv)→) やる/yaru (vt.do),これ/kore (this), うまい/umai (i-adj.tasty), ホント/honto (adv.true), できた/dekita(vi.past.finished/done)→ できる/dekiru (vi.finish), もう/mo (already), .. てくれる/..tekureru (do sth for me: GN v.te-kureru),どんな/donna (what kind)油/abura (oil),オリーブオイル/oribuoiru (olive oil), 豚/buta (pork), 牛/ushi (beef), チキン/chikin(chiken)

3.3.2 Day 16

Taste good/bad.

Sentences1. おいしいけど、ちょっとからい。

It is delicious, but it is kind of too spicy.2. 賞味期限切れてるけど、大丈夫？

The expiration date has expired, is it OK?3. これ、カロリー高いよ。

This is high calorie.4. 糖質カット、３３％、これはすごい。

Carbohydrate cut, 33%! This is amazing.5. 一日の塩分量は６グラムぐらいにしてください。

Please salinity amount of about 6 grams a day.6. ジャンクフードっていいよね。たまにはだけど。

Junk food is nice, but sometimes it is.7. 変な匂いしない？あ、腐ってる。

Why don’t you smell strange? Oh, it is rotten.8. 暑いからね。すぐ駄目になる。

Cause it’s so hot, it will be bad immediately.9. もう駄目？いや、まだいける。

Is it already bad ? No, it is OK yet.10. すっぱー！酢が強いね。

Too much sour! Vinegar is so strong.


Words and Expressions賞味期限/shomikigen (expiration date),切れてる/kireteru (expired: GN v.te-iru),大丈夫/daijobu (all right), カロリー/karori (calorie), 高い/takai (i-adj.high), 糖質/toshitsu(carbohydrate), カット/katto (vt.cut), すごい/sugoi (i-adj.amazing), 一日/ichinichi(a day), 塩分量/enbunryo (slinity amount), グラム/guramu (gram), ぐらい/gurai(about), ください/kudasai (please), ジャンクフード/jyankufudo (junk food), たまには/tamaniwa (sometimes), だけど/dakedo (but), 変な/henna (na-adj.strange), 匂い/nioi (n.smell), 腐ってる/kusatteru (vi.teiru.rotten: GN v.te-iru)→ 腐る/kusaru(vi.rot), 暑い/atsui (i-adj.hot), から/kara (because), すぐ/sugu (soon), 駄目/dame(na-adj.bad), まだいける/madaikeru (OK yet), すっぱー/suppa (too sour), 酢/su(vinegar), 強い/tsuyoi (strong)

3.3.3 Day 17

How to cook: Direction 1

Sentencesインスタントラーメン Instant noodle

1. 鍋に水 500ccを入れる。Pour 500 cc of water in a pot.

2. 沸騰したら、麺を入れて箸でほぐす。When boiling, put noodles and loosen with chopsticks.

3. 3分ほど茹でたら、火を消してスープを入れる。Boil it for about 3 minutes, put out the soup with the fire out.

4. 丼に移して、お好みの具材をのせて、できあがり。Transfer to a rice bowl, put the ingredients of your choice, finish.

5. 温かいうちにお召し上がりください。Please eat it while it’s hot.

ハウス・バーモントカレー House Vermont Curry

1. 肉、野菜を炒める。Fry meat and vegetables.

2. 中火で、たまねぎがしんなりするまで炒める。Stir fry until the onion will crumble with medium heat.

3. 水を入れ、煮込む。Add water and simmer.

4. 一旦火を止め、ルウを入れる。Stop the fire once, and put a roux.

5. とろみがつくまで再び煮込む。Simmer again until it gets thick.

Words and Expressions鍋/nabe (pot), 水/mizu (water), 入れる/ireru (vt.put), 沸騰/futto (n.suru.boil), 麺/men (noodle), 箸/hashi (chopsticks), ほぐす/hogusu (vt.loosen-up) 3 分/sanpun(three minutes), ほど/hodo (about), 茹でたら/yudetara (if you boil it: GN v.tara), 茹でる/yuderu (vt.boil), 火/hi (fire), 消して/keshite (fire out), 消す/kesu (vt.put-out),


Fig. 3.1: ハウス・バーモントカレー

スープ/supu (soup), 丼/donburi (bowl), 移して/utsushite (v.te.transfer)→ 移す/ut-susu (vt.transer), お好み/okonomi (your choice)→お/o (prefix.polite) + 好み/konomi(n.preference: GN n.masu), 具材/guzai (ingredients), のせて/nosete (vt.te.put), できあがり/dekiagari (n.finish: GN n.masu), 温かい/atatakai (i-adj.hot), うちに/u-chini (while), お召し上がり/omeshiagari (please eat)→ お/o (prefix.polite) + 召し上がり/meshiagari (vt.polite.eat: GN n.masu), 野菜/yasai (vegetable), 炒める/ita-meru (vt.fry), 中火/chubi (medium heat), たまねぎ/tamanegi (onion), しんなりする/shinnari-suru (v.suru.crumble), 一旦/ittan (once), 止め/tome (vt.stop: GN v.masu),ルウ/ru (roux), とろみ/toromi (thickness), つく/tsuku (v.get) 再び/futatabi (again)

3.3.4 Day 18

How to cook: Direction 2

Sentences塩むすび Rice with only salt

1. 塩むすびの材料は、ごはんと塩のみといたってシンプル。The ingredients of salt rice is simple and only with rice and salt.

2. 炊きたてご飯を使います。We use just cooked fresh rice.

3. ふっくらと形よくしかもおいしい塩むすびになります。It becomes plumply and deliciously salted.

4. 炊きたてご飯は熱いので、握る前に十分手を冷やしておきます。Because just cooked rice is so hot, make your hands cool well before grasping.

5. 清潔な布巾で、手の水気を切ります。Take off your hands with a clean cloth.

6. 茶碗いっぱいのごはんに塩を軽くひとつまみが目安です。A little pinch of salt is lightly used for rice filled with tea bowl.

7. 握りはじめは、あまり形を気にせずに。You do not need to pay attention to its shape too much in the beginning.

8. ご飯同士がくっつくようにやさしくまとめます。Gently mold it so that rice stick together.

9. 右手を山にしておにぎりの角を作り、左手でおにぎりの底を作る、感じです。

https://house-hint.jp/content01.html


Try to make the edge of the rice ball with the right hand as a mountain, andmake the bottom of the rice ball with my left hand.

10. 力を入れすぎないように、転がしながら数回握ります。Mold it several times while rolling so as not to make it too hard.

Words and Expressions塩むすび/shio-musubi (solt rice ball), ごはん/gohan (rice), 塩/shio (salt), のみ/nomi(only), いたって/itatte (adv.very), シンプル/shinpuru (na-adj.simple), 炊きたて/tak-itate (just cooked)→ 炊き/taki (n.masu.cook) + たて/tate (just: GN v.masu.tate),ご飯/gohan (rice), 使います/tsukaimasu (vt.use)→ 使う/tsukau (vt.use), ふっくらと/fukkurato (adv.plumply) 形/katachi (shape), よく/yoku (good), しかも/shikamo (inaddition to that), 熱い/atsui (i-adj.hot) ので/node (because), 握る/nigiru (vt.grasp),前に/maeni (before), 十分/jubun (well) 手/te (hand), 冷やして/hiyashite (vt.te.cool),おきます/okimasu (vt.te.as-a-preparation), 清潔な/seiketsuna (na-adj.clean), 布巾/fukin (cloth), で/de (with), 手/mizu (water), 水気/mizuke (moisture), 切ります/kir-imasu (vt.masu.cut)→切る/kiru (vt.cut), 茶碗/chawan (tea bowl) いっぱい/ippan (acup/full), 軽く/karuku (i-adj.adv.lightly), ひとつまみ/hito-tsumami (a pinch)→ひと/hito (one) +つまみ/tsumami (n.masu.pinch: GN n.masu),目安/meyasu (indication),握りはじめ/nigiri-hajime (n.masu.start-to-mold)→ 握り/nigiri (n.masu.mold)+ はじめ/hajime (n.masu.start: GN v.comp),形/katachi (shape),気にせずに/kinisezuni (notneed to pay attention),同士/doshi (each other),くっつく/kuttsuku (stick together),ように/yoni (so that..), やさしく/yasashiku (i-adj.adv.gently),まとめます/matomemasu(vt.masu.mold), 右手/migite (right hand), 山/yama (mountain), 角/kado (edge), 左手/hidarite (left hand),底/soko (bottom),感じ/kanji (feel like..),入れすぎない/iresug-inai (not to do too much: GN v.comp),転がし/korogasu (vt.masu.roll),ながら/nagara(while), 数回/sukai (several times), 握ります/nigirimasu (v.masu.mold)

3.3.5 Day 19

Name of food and restaurant 1.

Sentences1. みそラーメン食べる？

Wanna eat miso ramen?2. カップヌードルはどう？

How about a cup noodle?3. 大好きなチョコはブラックサンダー。

My favorite chocolate is Black Thunder.4. トムヤンクンがいいですね。

Tom Yang is good.5. おにぎりみっつ、サンドイッチひとつ。

Three onigiris, and one sandwich.6. とんかつとやきにく、どっちがいい？

Which do you like, pork cutlet or grilled meat.7. やきそばはカロリーが高いよね。

Yakisoba has high calories, isn’t it?8. すしも好きですよ。


I also like sushi.9. キリンの生ビール。

Kirin Draft beer. (Kirin is a name of beer brand.)10. モスバーガーでライスバーガー。

(I/We/You) will have rice burger at Moss burger.

Words and Expressionsみそラーメン/miso-ramen (Miso Ramen), 食べる/taberu (vt.eat), カップヌードル/kappu-nudoru (cup noodle), 大好きな/daisukina (na-adj.favorite), チョコ/choko(chocolate), ブラックサンダー/burakku-sanda (Black Thunder), トムヤンクン/to-muyankun (Tom Yang), みっつ/mittsu (three), サンドイッチ/sandoicchi (sandwich),とんかつ/tonkatsu (pork cutlet), やきにく/yakiniku (grilled meat), やきそば/yakisoba(grilled noodle), カロリー/karori (calories), すし/sushi (sushi), キリン/kirin (Kirin:Beer company), 生ビール/nama-biru (Draft beer), モスバーガー/mosu-baga (Mossburger), ライスバーガー/raisu-baga (rice burger)

3.3.6 Day 20


Sentences1. ケンタッキーのフライドチキン。

Kentucky’s Fried Chicken.2. マルちゃんの赤いきつねと緑のたぬき。

Maruchan’s Akai Kitsune (Red fox) and Midori no Tanuki (Green raccoon).3. マクドナルドのチキンナゲット。

McDonald’s chicken nugget.4. 回転寿司でマグロとサーモンの手巻き寿司。

At Sushi Train, we will eat some hand rolled sushi of tuna and salmon.5. 松屋の牛丼と焼肉定食。

Matsuya’s beef rice bowl and a set meal of grilled meat.6. 王将の餃子を三皿食べてお腹いっぱい。

I am full with three dishes of Osho’s dumplings.7. セブンイレブンの１００円コーヒー。

A 100 yen coffee at Seven eleven.8. ファミマのフルーツサンド。

A fruit sandwitch at Family mart.9. ローソンのティラミスはちょっと苦い。

Tiramisu at Lawson is a bit bitter.ローソンのティラミスは少し苦いです。10. シュークリームはどこがおいしいのですか。

Which shop’s cream puff is tasty?

Words and Expressionsケンタッキー/kentakki (Kentucky), フライドチキン/furaido-chikin (Fried Chicken),マルちゃん/maru-chan (Maruchan: a noodle maker company), 赤いきつね/akai-kitsune (Red fox), 緑のたぬき/midori-no-tanuki (Green raccoon), マクドナルド/makudonarudo (McDonald), チキンナゲット/chikin-nagetto (chicken nugget), 回


転寿司/kaitenzushi (Sushi Train), マグロ/maguro (tuna), サーモン/samon (salmon),手巻き寿司/temakizushi (hand roll sushi), 松屋/matsuya (Matsuya), 牛丼/gyudon(beef rice bowl), 焼肉定食/yakiniku-teishoku (a set meal of grilled meat), 王将/osho(Osho), 餃子/gyoza (dumpling), 三皿/sansara (three dishes), お腹/onaka (stomach),いっぱい/ippai (full), セブンイレブン/sebun-irebun (Seven Eleven), １００円/hyakuen(100 yen), ファミマ/famima (Family mart), フルーツサンド/furutsu-sando (fruitsandwitch), ローソン/roson (Lawson), ティラミス/tyiramisu (Tiramisu), 苦い/nigai(bitter), シュークリーム/shukurimu (cream puff), どこ/doko (where),

3.3.7 Day 21


Sentences1. ドリンクバーの種類が多い。

There are many kinds of drinks at the drink service(dorinkuba).2. え、メロンソーダって、メロン、入ってないの？

What? Melon soda doesn’t include any pieces of melon?3. サイゼリアやガスト、高いようで安いようでよくわかんない。

Saizeria and Gusto, it seems sometimes expensive or sometimes cheap, so I donot quite understand it.

4. ドトールコーヒーでも簡単な食事はできるよ。Even at Doutor coffee, you can eat simple meals.

5. 吉野家の牛丼って有名ですよね。Yoshinoya’s beef bowl is famous, isn’t it?

6. ピザハットのクーポン、持ってる？Do you have a coupon for Pizza Hut?

7. 味噌ラーメンととんこつラーメン、どっちが好き？Which do you like, Miso ramen and Tonkotsu(Pork broth) ramen?

8. ミルク入りの紅茶がどうしてロイヤルミルクティっていうの？Why do we call tea with milk “royal milk tea”?

9.「ざるそば」と「もりそば」どう違うの？What’s different between “Zaru-soba” and “Mori-soba”?

10.「きつねうどん」にも「たぬきうどん」にもネギは入っていますよ。Both “Kitsune udon” and “Tanuki udon” come with green onions.

Words and Expressionsドリンクバー/dorinku-ba (drink service corner), 種類/shurui (kinds), 多い/oi (many),メロンソーダ/meron-soda (melon soda), サイゼリア/saizeria (Saizeria), ガスト/gasuto(Gusto), 安い/yasui (cheap), よう/yo (vi.seem), わかんない/wakan-nai (dunno.slang),ドトールコーヒー/dotoru-kohi (Doutor Coffee), 簡単な/kantanna (na-adj.simple), 食事/shokuji (meal), できる/dekiru (vi.can), 吉野家/yoshinoya (Yoshinoya: Beef bowlrestaurant), 牛丼/gyudon (beef bowl), 有名/yumei (na-adj.famous), ピザハット/piza-hatto (Pizza Hut), クーポン/kupon (coupon), 味噌/miso (miso), とんこつ/tonkotsu(pork broth), ミルク/miruku (milk), 入り/iri (n.including), 紅茶/kocha (black tea),どうして/doshite (why), ロイヤルミルクティ/roiyaru-miruku-tyi (Royal milk tea),ざるそば/zaru-soba (soba noodle on a bamboo sieve/basket), もりそば/mori-soba

3.4 Week 4: Culture and Play 23

(soba noodle on a dish), ネギ/negi (green onion), ..で/..de (p.de.at-place-to-act: GNp.de.at-place),

3.4 Week 4: Culture and PlayWe may find various words and expressions while playing.

3.4.1 Day 22

Janken/Rock-paper-scissors is a game that everyone knows from kids to adults todecide whether to win or lose.Kid’s traditional play: Jan-ken-pon/Rock-paper-scissors

Sentences1. グー、チョキ、パー。

Goo/stone, Choki/scissors, Par/paper.2. はじめはグー。じゃんけんぽん。

First goo, jan-ken-pon.3. じゃんけんぽん。あいこでほい。あっ！勝ったー。やったー。

Jan-ken-pon. Even! I won. Yay.4. あいこでほい。あいこでほい。あー、負けたー。

Even! Even! Oh, I lost.5. じゃんけんぽん。あっ！負けたー。くやしい！

Jan-ken-pon. I lost. Awful!6. じゃんけんぽん。あいこでほい。負け？勝ち？どっち？

Jan-ken-pon. Even! Lost? Won? Which?7. グーは石。チョキはハサミ。パーは紙。

Goo is stone. Choki is scissors. Par is paper.8. グーはチョキより、強い。

Goo/stone is stronger than choki/scissors.9. チョキはパーより、強い。

Choki/scissors is stronger than par/paper.10. パーはグーより、強い。

Par/paper is stronger than goo/stone.

Words and Expressionsグー/gu (stone), チョキ/choki (scissors), パー/pa (paper), はじめ/hajime (firstly),あいこ/aiko (even), 勝った/katta (vi.past.win)→ 勝つ/katsu (vi.win), やった/yatta(Yay), 負けた/maketa (vi.past.lost)→ 負ける/makeru (vi.lose), くやしい/kuyashii (i-adj.awful), 負け/make (n.masu.lost), 勝ち/kachi (n.masu.win), 石/ishi (stone), ハサミ/hasami (scissors), 紙/kami (paper), 強い/tsuyoi (i-adj.strong), より/yori (than)

3.4.2 Day 23

The names of Game and Sports.


Sentences1. 野球よりもサッカーのほうをよく見ます。

I look at soccer more often than baseball.2. ピンポンは大人から子供まで簡単に始められますよね。

Not only adults but also children can easily start playing Ping-pong.3. 子供の頃、水泳教室に通っていました。

When I was a child, I went to the swimming classroom.4. 高校に入ってから、ラグビーを始めました。

When I entered high school, I started rugby.5. 剣道と柔道、どちらかを選ばなければならなかったので、剣道を選びました。

Since I had to choose between Kendo and Judo, I chose Kendo.6. スキーはやってみたいんですが、寒いところ、あまり好きじゃなくて。

I’d like to try skiing, but I don’t like much in cold places.7. アイスホッケーはかなり激しいスポーツですよね。

Ice hockey is a fierce sport, isn’t it?8. ゴルフって、スポーツですか。

Is golf a sport?9. マイケル・ジョーダンといえば、バスケット・ボールですよね。

Speaking of Michael Jordan, we remind basketball, don’t we?10. ボクシングは危険なスポーツでしょうか。

Is Boxing one of the dangerous sports?

Words and Expressions野球/yakyu (baseball), サッカー/sakka (soccer), ほう/ho (rather than), よく/yoku (frequently), 見ます/mimasu (vt.masu.see/watch), ピンポン/pinpon(pingpong), 大人/otona (adult), から/kara (from), 子供/kodomo (child), まで/made (to), 簡単に/kantan-ni (na-adj.adv.easily), 始められます/hajime-rare-masu(v.pot.formal.start), 頃/koro (when), 水泳/suiei (swimming), 教室/kyoshitsu (school),通って/kayotte (vi.te.go-to-learn), 高校/koko (high school), ラグビー/ragubi (rugby),剣道/kendo (kendo), 柔道/judo (judo), どちらか/dochiraka (either), 選ばなければならなかった/eraba-nakereba-narana-katta (vt.choose: GN nakereba-naranai), ので/node(because), 選びました/erabi-mashita (vt.masu.past), スキー/suki (ski), やってみたい/yatte-mitai (want to do), 寒い/samui (i-adj.cold), ところ/tokoro (place), 好きじゃなくて/sukijanakute (na-adj.neg.te.like), アイスホッケー/aisu-hokke (ice hokey), かなり/kanari (very), 激しい/hageshii (i-adj.rough), スポーツ/supotsu (sports), ゴルフ/gorufu (golf), マイケル・ジョーダン/maikeru-jodan (Michael Jordan), .. といえば/..toieba (speaking of ..), バスケット・ボール/basuketto-boru (basketball), ボクシング/bokushingu (boxing), 危険な/kiken-na (na-adj.dangerous),

3.4.3 Day 24

Ohanami/Cherry blossom view.

Sentences1. 花見のシーズンになりました。

It became the season of the cherry-blossom viewing.


2. 天気のいい日が続けばいいですね。I hope the nice weather day will be continue.

3. 梅が咲いているから、そろそろ桜も咲き始めますよね。Since the plum blossoms have come out, cherry blossoms will bloom soon.

4. 雨が降ると、花が散っちゃいますよね。If it rains, the flowers will fall.

5. 僕も先週、みんなで花見に行きましたよ。I went to see the cherry blossoms together last week.

6. 花を見るというよりも、お弁当を食べに行ったって感じですかね。Rather than appreciating the flowers, you feel like going out to eat lunch.

7. 大学のキャンパスの花もきれいですよ。The flowers on the campus at the university are also beautiful.

8. ちょうど満開で、人がたくさんでしたね。Since it is in full bloom now, there were a lot of people.

9. 桜前線っていうんですか、東京では来週にも開花宣言となりそうですね。Is it call ‘cherry-blossom front’, is it likely to be a flowering declaration nextweek in Tokyo?

10. 桜の木の下で、お弁当を食べました。I ate a box lunch under cherry trees.

Words and Expressions花見/hanami (cherry-blossom viewing), シーズン/shizun (season), になりました/ni-narimashita (became ..), 天気/tenki (weather), いい日/iihi (good day), 続けばいい/tsuzukeba-ii (good to continue: GN v.ba-ii), 続く/tsuzuku (vi.continue), 梅/ume(plum), 咲いている/saite-iru (is blooming: GN v.te-iru), 咲く/saku (vi.bloom), そろそろ/sorosoro (it’s about to ..); 桜/sakura (cherry), 咲き始めます/saki-hajime-masu(v.comp.bloom.start), 雨/ame (rain), 降る/furu (vi.fall) と/to (if/when), 花/hana(flower), 散っちゃいます/chicchaimasu→ 散る/chiru (vi.fall) + てしまい/te.shimai-masu (do completely), 僕/boku (I/me), も/mo (also), 先週/senshu (last week), みんなで/minna-de (with everybody), 行きました/iki-mashita (went), .. というよりも/to-iu-yori-mo (rather than ..ing), お弁当/obento (lunch box), 食べに行った/tabe-ni-itta (went to eat: GN ..ni-iku), キャンパス/kyanpasu (campus), きれい/kirei(na-adj.beautiful), 満開/mankai (full-bloom), 人/hito (people), 桜前線/sakura-zensen(cherry-blossom-front), ..っていうんですか/tte-iu-n-desu-ka (is that to be said ..?), 東京/Tokyo (Tokyo), 開花宣言/kaika-sengen (flowering declaration), ..となりそう/..to-nari-so (it is likely to be ..), 木/ki (tree), 下/shita (under),

3.4.4 Day 25

Pop culture

Sentences1. 日本のポップカルチャーは、海外でも人気ですね。

Japanese pop culture is also popular abroad.2. 日本のポップカルチャーとしては何が有名ですか。

What is famous as Japan’s pop culture?3. そうですねぇ、アニメ、マンガ、コスプレ、アイドル、メイドカフェなどですね。


Well I think.., it’s anime, manga, cosplay, idol, maid cafe, etc.4. 宮崎アニメが有名ですね。

Miyazaki anime is famous.5. 漫画喫茶でマンガをよく読みますよ。

I often read manga at Manga cafe.6. 少女漫画も好きですか。いいえ、あまり。

Do you like comic books for girls too? No, not much.7. ワンピースや進撃の巨人など読んだことありますか。

Have you ever read “One Piece” or “Shingeki no Kyojin (Attach on Titan)”?8. どんなアニメが好きですか。

What anime do you like?9. コスプレをやったことあります？

Have you ever done a cosplay?10. ドラえもんやピカチューは国でも有名ですか。

Is Doraemon or Pikachu famous in your country?

Words and Expressions日本/nihon (Japan), ポップカルチャー/poppu-karucha (pop culture), 海外/kaigai(abroad), 人気/ninki (popular), アニメ/anime (anime), マンガ/manga (manga), コスプレ/kosupure (cosplay), アイドル/aidoru (idol), メイドカフェ/meido-kafe (maidcafe), など/nado (etc.), 宮崎アニメ/Miyazaki-anime (Miyazaki anime), 漫画喫茶/manga-kissa (manga cafe), 読みます/yomimasu (vt.masu.read), 少女/shojo (girl),ワンピース/wanpisu (One Piece), 進撃の巨人/shingeki-no-kyojin (Attach on Titan),読んだ/yonda (vt.past.read), .. ことあります/koto-arimasu (have ever done ..: GNv.ta-koto-aru), どんな/donna (what kind of), ドラえもん/doraemon (Doraemon), ピカチュー/pikachu (Pikachu), 国/kuni (your country),

3.4.5 Day 26

Fukuwarai 1 (game like “pin the tail on the donkey”).

Sentences1. 手ぬぐいで、目隠しして。

Keep a blindfold with a towel.2. いいですか。これが目、これが鼻、これが口ですよ。

OK? These are eyes. This is a nose. And this is a mouth.3. まず、鼻を置いて。

First, put a nose (on the face).4. そうそう、もう少し、右。

All right go on, a bit more, right.5. もう少し、左。もっと左。

A bit more left. More left.6. ええ、もうちょっと、上。

Yes, a bit more up.7. で、もう少し、下。

And a bit more down.8. いや、もっともっと下。


No, further more down.9. で、ちょっと、少し、ほんの少し、左。

A bit, a bit, a little left.10. はい、よくできました。

Yes, I did a good job.

Words and Expressions手ぬぐい/tenugui (Japanese towel), で/de (p.de.with-tool), 目隠し/mekakushi(n.suru.blindfold: GN n.suru), 目/me (eye), まず/mazu (firstly), 鼻/hana (nose),口/kuchi (mouse), 置いて/oite (vt.te.put), そうそう/soso (all right), もう少し/mo-sukoshi (a little more), もっと/motto (more), 上/ue (up/upper), 下/shita(down/lower), ほんの/honno (little), よくできました/yoku-deki-masita (good job),

3.4.6 Day 27

Fukuwarai 2 (game like “pin the tail on the donkey”).

Sentences1. 次は口。

Let’s move on to the next. it’s mouth.2. もっと右、もっと右、もうちょっと右。

More right, more right, and a bit more right.3. そう、で、もうちょっと下。もうちょい下。

Good, and a bit more down. A bit more down.4. ああ、下過ぎた。ほんの少し上。

Oh, no, it passed too go down. Just a little go up.5. ちょうどいい。ぴったり。

It’s all right. Exactly.6. で、最後は目。で右目。

And the last one is for eyes. Firstly right eye.7. 鼻の右、そうそう簡単。

Put it at the right of the nose. Yes, it’s so easy.8. で左目、ちょっと上かな。

And now it’s a left eye. I think you should move it up.9. だいたい、いいですね。じょうずですね。

Almost done. You’re good.10. では、目隠し、外して。ほら、変な顔。

Remove your blindfold. Look, it’s a weird face.

Words and Expressions次/tsugi (next), もうちょい/mochoi (little more), 下過ぎた/sita-sugita (passed too),ちょうど/chdo (just), ぴったり/pittari (fit), 最後/saigo (last), 右目/migi-me (righteye), 左目/hidari-me (left eye), だいたい/daitai (almost), じょうず/jozu (good at), 外して/hazusite (vt.te.remove), ほら/hora (look), 顔/kao (face),


3.4.7 Day 28

Try to do something or nothing.

Sentences1. トランプ、しよ？

Let’s play cards!2. いやだ！どうして？まけるの、嫌い。

No! Why? I hate losing.3. とにかくやってみましょうよ。

Let’s do it anyway.4. まずは、やってみたらどうでしょうか。

First, why do not you try it.5. パチンコはよくします。

I often play pachinko.6. マージャンも時々します。

I also do mah-jong sometimes.7. けれども、付き合い程度ですね。

However, I am a kind of social-player.8. 運動って、ラジオ体操ぐらいですね。

Exercise is just only radio exercises.9. 運動らしい運動はしませんね、ほとんど。

I seldomly do exercise, and almost nothing.10. マラソンって、40キロでしたっけ。

The marathon, (I don’t remember very well ..,) but does it run 40 kilos?

Words and Expressionsトランプ/toranpu (card game), しよ/shiyo (v.voli.do), いや/iya (na-adj.hate), 嫌い/kirai (na-adj.dislike), とにかく/tonikaku (anyway), .. たらどうでしょうか/..tara-do-deshoka (how about ..ing?), パチンコ/pachinko (pachinko), マージャン/majan(mah-jong), 時々/tokidoki (from time to time), けれども/keredomo (but), 付き合い/tsukiai→付き合う/tsukiau (vi.keep-company),程度/teido (degree),運動/undo (ex-ercises), ラジオ/rajio (radio), 体操/taiso (exercises), ..らしい/..rashii (like ..), ほとんど/hotondo (seldomly), マラソン/marason (marathon), キロ/kiro (kirometer), ..でしたっけ/..deshitakke (I am not sure that ..)

3.5 Week 5: Interaction and StrategiesWhen you do not understand what the other person says, there is no need to botherto bother. It might be nice to have a nice smile for a while.

3.5.1 Day 29

Regret

3.5 Week 5: Interaction and Strategies 29

Sentences1. ああ、残念。

Oh, sorry.2. 残念でしたね。

I am sorry. It was not good.3. ..というのは？..どういうことでしょうか。

And? What do you mean?4. 変なこというから、やる気、失せたよ。

Because you said something strange, I lost my motivation.5. そうだそうだ、謝るなら今のうちだ。

Yes, that’s right! If you want to apologize for it, it is now.6. いや、それはお気の毒ですね。

Really! I’m sorry to hear that.7. ずいぶん悔しい思いをしましたよ。

I had terrible feelings a lot.8. 途中でやめるのは、なんだか心残りです。

It is somewhat regrettable to stop it halfway.9. かわいそうなことをしたなと思います。

I think I did something poor for her.10. 悔しいですよね。試合に負けちゃったから。

It is regrettable so much. You lost the game.

Words and Expressions残念/zannen (na-adj.sorry), .. というのは/..to-iu-no-wa (which is?), .. どういうことでしょうか/do-iu-koto-deshoka (what do you mean), 変なこと/henna-koto (strangething), やる気/yaruki (motivation), 失せた/useta (vi.past.dissapear)→ 失せる/useru(vi.dissapear), 謝る/ayamaru (vi.approgize), .. なら/..nara (if you do ..), 今/ima(now), うち/uchi (within), お気の毒/oki-no-doku (sorry/bad), 悔しい/kuyashii (re-gret), 思い/omoi (n.masu.feeling), 途中/tochu (in the middle/halfway), なんだか/nan-daka (somewhat), 心残り/kokoro-nokori (regrettable), かわいそうな/kawaisouna (na-adj.poor), 思います/omoimasu (vt.masu.think)→ 思う/omou (vt.think), 試合/shiai(game), 負け/make (vi.lose), ..ちゃった/..chatta (v.chatta/v.te-shimau),

3.5.2 Day 30

Praise

Sentences1. すばらしいですね。

It is wonderful.2. なかなかいいですね。

It is quite nice.3. じょうずにできました。

You made it very well.4. だんだん上達してきましたね。

You gradually improved, didn’t you?


5. 鮮やかな色ですね。It is a brilliant color, isn’t it?

6. 明るい感じがしますね。It feels bright.

7. なんかいい感じですね。It is a nice feeling.

8. さすがですね。That is wonderful.

9. センス、ありますよね。You have good taste.

10. 勉強になります。I have learned a lot.

Words and Expressionsすばらしい/subarashii (i-adj.wonderful), なかなか/nakanaka (quite), じょうずに/jozu-ni (very well), だんだん/dandan (gradually), 上達/jotatsu (v.suru.improve), ..てきました/..te-kimashita (became)→.. てくる/..te-kuru (v.te-kuru.become), 鮮やかな/aza-yakana (na-adj.briliant), 色/iro (color), 明るい/akarui (i-adj.bright), なんか/nanka(somewhat), いい感じ/ii-kanji (nice feeling), さすが/sasuga (as expected), センス/sensu (taste), 勉強になります/benkyo-ni-narimasu→ 勉強になる/benkyo-ni-naru (Ihave learned many from you.)

3.5.3 Day 31

Suggestion

Sentences1. とにかくやってみるというのも一つの方法です。

It is one way to try it anyway.2. ひとつひとつ片付けるのもいいですね。

It is good to try to do one by one.3. 抽象的な説明もわるくありませんが、..。

Although abstract explanation is not bad...4. 具体的な例も効果的です。

Concrete examples are also effective.5. どんなイメージがありますか。

What kind of image do you have?6. 直感的なものでも構いませんよ。

Even if it is intuitive, it is OK.7. 身近なものではどんなものがありますか。

What kind of familiar things are there around you?8. なるほど、ではもう少し、具体的に表現してみましょうよ。

I see, let’s express it a bit more concretely.9. 何かいい例があるといいですね。

It would be nice to have some good examples.10. いっしょに考えませんか。

Don’t you think about it together?


Words and Expressions方法/hoho (method/way), 片付ける/katazukeru (vt.put-away), 抽象的な/chusho-teki-na (na-adj.abstract), 説明/setsumei (v.suru.explanation) 具体的な/gutai-teki-na(na-adj.concrete), 例/rei (example), 効果的/koka-teki (na-adj.effective), イメージ/imeji (image), 直感的な/chokkantekina (na-adj.intuitive), 構いません/kamai-masen (vt.neg.care), 身近な/mijikana (na-adj.be-familiar) なるほど/naruhodo (Isee), 表現/hyogen (v.suru.express), 考え/kangae (v.masu.think)→ 考える/kangaeru(vt.think), ..ませんか/..masenka (how about ..: GN v.masenka),

3.5.4 Day 32

Experience can be stated and demonstrated

Sentences1. 以前、やったことがあるので、たぶん大丈夫だと思います。

Because I have done it before, I think that it is probably okay.2. ええ、前にやったことあります。できると思います。

Yeah, I have done it before. I think that I can do it.3. まったくはじめてなんでできるかどうか。

I don’t know whether I can do it or not since it’s for the first time.4. やったことないんですよ。でもおもしろそうですよね。

I have never done it. But it looks interesting, isn’t it?5. 確かに、やったことはあるんですが、よく覚えていなくて。

Surely, I have ever done it, but I don’t remember how I did it before very well.6. 経験だけがあるだけで、あまりうまいとはいえないんですね。

Just only I have some experiences, I cannot do it very well.7. できることはできますが、へたですよ。

You can do it, but I am not good at doing it.8. 一度やったことさえあれば、できますよ。大丈夫。

If you have done it once, you can do it. It’s all right.9. 勉強を手伝うボランティアですよね。ええ、やったことあります。

It is a volunteer of helping somebody to study. Yes, I have done it before.10. あ、言うの忘れてましたが、これ、やったこと１度だけあるんです。

I forgot to say, but I have done this once before.

Words and Expressions以前/izen (before), やった/yatta (v.past.do,), たぶん/tabun (maybe), ..かどうか/..ka-doka (whether .. or not), .. そう/..so (looks ..: GN i-adj.so.look), 確かに/tashikani(adv.surely), 覚えて/oboete (vt.te.remember) 経験/keiken (n.suru.experience), うまい/umai (i-adj.be-good-at,cf.tasty), .. ことは... が/..kotowa..ga (idiom.somewhat) へた/heta (na-adj.be-not-good-at), ..さえあれば../..sae-areba.. (even if you have ..), 手伝う/tetsudau (vt.help), ボランティア/borantyia (volunteer), 言う/iu (vt.say), 忘れる/wasureru (vt.forget), ..の忘れてましたが/..no-wasurete-mashita-ga (I forget to do..; formally ..no-wo-wasurete-imashita-ga..)


3.5.5 Day 33

Confirmation

Sentences1. 戸締まりしました？

Did you lock the door?2. ガスの元栓、火の元、確認しましたか。

Have you turn off the mains gas plug, the source of fire?3. 念のため、もう一度チェックしておきましょう。

Just to be sure, let’s check it again.4. 確かに変ですね。ではもう一度。

It is strange, is not it? So let’s check it out again.5. 何というか、ちょっと気になってね。

I don’t know why but I am worried a bit.6. 鍵、締めてきました？

Have you locked the key?7. これ、本当に注文したものですか。

Is this what you ordered really?8. ちょっと、味、違うような気がするんですが。

Hey, I feel like the taste is different.9. 確かめてもらえませんか。

Can you make sure?10. まずは、スケジュールの確認をしておきましょう。

First let’s check the schedule.

Words and Expressions戸締まり/tojimari (v.suru.lock-the-door), ガス/gasu (gas), 元栓/motosen (plug), 火の元/hinomoto (source of fire), 確認/kakunin (v.suru.check), 念のため/nen-no-tame (tobe sure), チェック/chekku (v.suru.check), .. ておく/..te-oku (v.te-oku), 何というか/nan-to-iu-ka (what can I say..), 気になる/ki-ni-naru (be worried), 鍵/kagi (key), 締めて/shimete (vt.te.close-2G.shimeru) 本当/honto (true), 注文/chumon (n.suru.order),もの/mono (thing), 味/aji (taste), 気がする/ki-ga-suru (feel like), .. てもらえませんか/..te-morae-masenka (May I ask you to do: GN v.te-moraemasenka), もらう/morau(vt.receive), スケジュール/sukejuru (schedule),

3.5.6 Day 34

Strategic expressions 1.

Sentences1. ええ、まあね。

Yeah, well.2. ええ、どちらでも。

Yes, whichever.3. ええ、わかったような気がしますけど。


Yes, I think I understood.4. 簡単に言えばですね..。

Simply speaking...5. それはちょっと、すぐにはね。

Well..I cannot quickly answer.6. やったことあるかどうかは、関係ないんですよ。

It does not matter whether you have ever done or not.7. 誰でもできるんですから。

Everyone can do it.8. こうしてやってみれば、どうでしょう。

Why do not you try doing it like this?9. お手本を見せていただければ、できると思うんですよ。

If an experienced person shows me a model, I think I can do it.10. じゃ、そういうことなら、まず私がやってみますね。

So, in that case, I will try it first.

Words and Expressionsまあね/mane (well,so-so), どちらでも/dochira-demo (whichever), .. ような気がする/..yona-ki-ga-suru (think like..), 関係/kankei (relation), 誰でも/dare-demo (any-body/everybody), どうでしょう/dodesho (how about ..), お手本/otehon (a model), 見せて/misete (vt.te.show)rightarrow 見せる/miseru (vt.show); .. ていただければ/..te-itadakereba (wish you to do ..), そういうことなら/so-iu-koto-nara (if you say so..),

3.5.7 Day 35

Strategic expressions 2.

Sentences1. いい話ですね。

It is a good story.2. わかっていても、なかなかできません。

Even if we know it, we cannot do it easily.3. かっこいい、の一言です。

In a word, It is cool.4. へえー。

Wow (I didn’t know that).5. 大したもんですね。

It is amazing.6. こんなの見たことない。

I have never seen such a thing.7. うわー、本格的だなあ。

Wow, that’s authentic.8. そうだったんですね。

Now I understand it.9. 経験を活かして、やれるだけやってみましょう。

Take advantage of your experience and try as much as you can.10. 今なら、まだ間に合いますよ。


If it is now, it will be still in time.

Words and Expressions話/hanashi (talk,story), なかなか.. ない/nakanaka..nai (not to do easily), かっこいい/kakkoii (cool), 一言/hitokoto (one word), へえー/he (wow), 大したもん/taishita-mon (a big deal, amazing), 見たことない/mita-koto-nai (have never seen: GN v.ta-koto-ga-aru), 本格的/honkakuteki (na-adj.authentic), 活かして/ikashite (vt.te.make-use-of), 今なら/ima-nara (if it is now), 間に合う/ma-ni-au (be in time),

3.6 Week 6: Strategic ExpressionsWhen you suddenly forget what you should say next, what are you going to do? Itmay be a good idea that you pretend that you understand something very well evenif you acturall do not understand anything at all. Or it is also a good idea that youwill not make any decisions but express very ambiguous sentences for a while. Thosekinds of expressions are so called “strategic expressions.”

3.6.1 Day 36

Strategic Expressions 3.

Sentences1. 本当はどうかと言われると、..。

If you ask me if it is true,..2. なんとも返事できないというか..。

I cannot answer for it,..3. なんかよくわかんないけど、それはそれで。

I do not quite understand what it is, but in that case it is for it’s worth.4. わかりやすいことばでいうとどうなるんでしょうかねぇ。

I wonder what words we should use if we might say it with clear words.5. 気持ちはうれしいけれども、今はちょっと。

I am happy with your feeling to me, but now it is kinda.6. この点なんですけど、よくわからないというか..。

Concerning this point, I do not understand well...7. ちょっと自信ないというか。

Or I’m not a bit confident.8. 実際には、どうすればよいか、ですけれど。

Actually, it is a problem that how it should be done though.9. 必要なものは何かといわれると、いまいちですね。

If you ask me what is the things we need, I don’t know what we are missing.10. こうしておけばいいと、言えるものがあるのかどうか。

I doubt whether or not we can say that there is something we can do.

Words and Expressionsなんとも/nantomo (somehow), 返事/henji (n.suru.reply), わかりやすい/wakari-yasui(easy to understand: GN v.masu.yasui), 気持ち/kimochi (feeling), この/kono (this),

3.6 Week 6: Strategic Expressions 35

点/ten (point), 自信/jishin (confident), 必要な/hitsuyo (na-adj.necessary), いまいち/imaichi (not good enough), .. ばいい/..ba-ii (it is good to do ..), 言える/ieru(vt.pot.say)→言う/iu (vt.say),

3.6.2 Day 37


Sentences1. だめだ、これは危険だ。

It is not good. This is dangerous.2. ああ、やばいやばい。

Oh, no! it’s dangerous.3. みてみて、これすごくない？

Hey! look! it is amazing, isn’t it?4. そんなに試験とやらが大事なわけですか。

So it is important for you to take the examination, isn’t it?5. ええ、普通の人よりはいくぶん上手ですけど。

Yes, I am better at somewhat doing that than a normal person.6. それには興味ないとは言い切れませんね。

I cannot said that I’m not interested in it.7. いつもなんだかんだで、丸く収めていますよね。

You are always doing well (solving problems) in the end.8. そういう考えって、いつも使えるのかな。

I wonder if we can always apply that kind of thinking.9. 実際にどうすればいいんでしょう。

What should I do in fact?10. それは誠に申し訳ありませんが、なんとも今は。

I’m sorry indeed, but I cannot say anything for now.

Words and Expressionsだめ/dame (na-adj.not-good), 危険/kiken (na-adj.dangerous), やばい/yabai (i-adj.dangerous), みてみて/mitemite (look!), すごく/sugoku (i-adj.amazing.sugoi),試験/shiken (examination), .. とやら/..to-yara (something like ..), 大事な/daiji(na-adj.important), 普通/futsu (normal), いくぶん/ikubun (some), 上手/jozu (goodat), 興味/kyomi (interest), 言い切れない/ii-kire-nai (cannot say: GN v.comp), なんだかんだいって/nanda-kanda-itte (even if sb say some complaints, but ..), 丸く収める/maruku-osameru (do well in the end), そういう考えって/soiu-kangae-tte (athought such like that), 使える/tsukaeru (vt.pot.use), 誠に/makoto-ni (indeed), 申し訳ありません/moshiwake-arimasen (I am sorry),

3.6.3 Day 38



Sentences1. しかたがないでしょう。

It’s no way.2. 一つ聞きたいことがあったんですよ。

There was one thing I wanted to ask you.3. なんとか元気になってほしいですよね。

I want him somehow to get better.4. だって、つまんないんだもの。

Because it’s boring.5. どうするにせよ、このピンチをどう乗り切るかですね。

Whatever it is, how do you survive this pinch?6. じゃ、そういうことで、今日は...。

With that, this is it today so far.7. ちょうど、今できたところですが、...。

Just done right now! but ...8. それは放っておけない問題ですよね。

It is a problem which I cannot ignore.9. 今すぐどう関係するかは、ちょっとわからないんですね。

I do not understand a little about how and what it relates to.10. なんて答えればいいものやら、ちょっと検討つきませんね。

I do not know how to answer to it.

Words and Expressionsしかた/shikata (way), 聞き/kiki (v.tai.ask), なんとか/nantoka (somehow), .. てほしい/..te-hoshii (v.te-hoshi.want-sb-to-do: GN v.te-hoshii), だって/datte (because), つまんない/tsuma-n-nai (i-adj.boring: tsumaranai), .. にせよ/..ni-seyo (whatever ..),ピンチ/pinchi (pinch), 乗り切る/nori-kiru (v.comp.overcome) ちょうど.. たところです/chodo..ta-tokoro-desu (have just done: GN v.ta-tokoro), 放っておけない../hotte-oke-nai.. (sb cannot ignore ..), 問題/mondai (problem), .. ばいいものやら../..ba-ii-mono-yara (not know how to do with ..),

3.6.4 Day 39


Sentences1. 何で、物理学なんて始めようと思ったんだろう。

Why did you think about starting physics?2. 他に、何でも良かったんじゃないだろうか。

Anything else should’ve been OK.3. 今日は、暑かったから、さっぱりとしたもの、食べたい。

As it was hot today, I want to eat something light.4. みんなの前で、ちょっと緊張しちゃった。

I was a little nervous in front of everyone.5. 何ていえばいいんだろうね。

I wonder what I should say.

3.6 Week 6: Strategic Expressions 37

6. お母さんが作ったおにぎりのほうがおいしいでしょ。The onigiri made by Mom is more delicious, isn’t it?

7. ここで待ってて、今すぐ持ってくるから。Wait here and I will bring it now.

8. 久しぶり、ずっと会えなかったね。I have not seen you for a long time.

9. 誰がどう見てもいい方向に向かっていない。I think that anybody admits that it is not going for a good direction.

10. 本当に大切なものはなんですか。こんなもんじゃないでしょ。What is really important? It’s not such a thing.

Words and Expressions何で/nan-de (why), 物理学/butsurigaku (physics), .. なんて/..nan-te (such ..), 始めよう/hajime-yo (v.vol.start), .. だろう/daro (sb wonder that..), 他に/hoka-ni (else),何でも/nandemo (anything), 良かった/yokatta (i-adj.past.good), 暑かった/atsukatta(i-adj.past.hot), さっぱり/sappari (n.masu.light), ..の前で/..no-mae-de (in-front-of..),緊張/kincho (n.suru.be-nervous), ..しちゃった/..shi-chatta (v.te-shimau: GN), お母さん/okasan (mother), 作った/tsukutta (vt.past.make), でしょ/desho (isn’t it?/aren’tthey?),待ってて/mattete (v.te-te: GN v.te-iru),持ってくる/motte-kuru (vt.bring),久しぶり/hisashiburi (long time),会えなかった/aenakatta (v.pot.past.neg: could not seesb), 方向/hoko (direction), 向かって/mukatte (v.te.go-for), 向かう/mukau (vi.go-for),大切な/taisetu-na (na-adj.important/precious),

3.6.5 Day 40


Sentences1. 何でもたべるんだよ。りんご、みかん、バナナ、などなどね。

It eats anything: apples, oranges, bananas, and so on.2. 工科系の大学っていえば、東京工業大学だよ。

Speaking of engineering university, it is Tokyo Institute of Technology.3. なんとかかんとか言ってもね。

Even if you say it somehow.4. で、その、えっと、いいたいことはといえば、..。

And, well, it is .. what I want to say is ...5. 何ていうんでしょうか。

What should I say?..6. 食べて、歌って、踊って、飲んで、楽しかったですよ。

Eating, singing, dancing, drinking,.. It was fun.7. 疲れて、帰って、お風呂入って、ベッドに入って、..。

I got tired, went home, took a bath, entered the bed,..8. 知らないうちに、毎晩、ええ、眠っちゃってます。

I slept every night, yeah, unconsciously.9. ええ、そのう、ええ、ですかね。よくわかりませんけれども。

Yah, so, yes, it is ... maybe.. I do not understand well though.10. ええ、そういうんじゃなくて、何と言えばいいか、ちょっとわかりませんけれども。


No, it is not that, but I don’t know very well what I should say though.

Words and Expressionsりんご/ringo (apple), みかん/mikan (orange), バナナ/banana (banana), などなど/nado-nado (etc.etc.),工科系/kokakei (engineering department) 大学/daigaku (university), 東京工業大

学/Tokyo-kogyo-daigaku (Tokyo Institute of Technology),なんとかかんとか/nantoka-kantoka (somehow), えっと/etto (well), 歌って/utatte (vt.te.sing), 踊って/odotte(vi.te.dance), 飲んで/nonde (vi.te.drink), 楽しかった/tanoshikatta (i-adj.past.fun),疲れて/tsukarete (vi.te.be-tired), 帰って/kaette (vi.te.go-home), 風呂/furo (bath),ベッド/beddo (bed), 知らない/shiranai (vt.neg.know), .. うちに/uchini (while..), 毎晩/maiban (every night), 眠っちゃって/namucchatte (v.te-shimau.sleep.col),

3.6.6 Day 41

Compliment/Suggestion 1.

Sentences1. 一言で言えないくらいですね。感謝してます。

I cannot say it in a word. I am grateful.2. どこがいいかと聞かれると即答できませんが、

I cannot respond quickly when asked what point is good,..3. でもなんとなくいいですよね。

But it is somehow good.4. 何と言っても、一番なのは、みんな、親切ですよね。

The most important thing is, everyone, all of them are kind, aren’t they?5. ええ、すばらしい。そしておもしろいですね。

Yes, it is fantastic, and it is interesting.6. いい考えですね。その続きはどうなりますか。

It is a good idea. What will it be the next?7. 考えすぎて、進まないなら、考えないほうがいい。

If you think too much and do not proceed, you better not think about it.8. もう少しアイデアを聞かせてください。

Please let me know a little more ideas.9. 同じような例は他にもあるかどうか探してみましょう。

Let’s look for some if there are other similar examples.10. これまでがんばってきて、そして、成果がでて、ええ、よかった。

I tried my best and I got good results, and, yes, it was good.

Words and Expressions感謝/kansha (n.masu.be-grateful), 聞かれる/kika-reru (v.psiv.be-asked), 即答/sokuto(n.suru.quick-answer), なんとなく/nantonaku (somehow), 親切/shinsetsu (na-adj.kind), 続き/tsuzuki (n.next)→ 続く/tsuzuku (vi.continue), 考えすぎて/kangae-sugi-te (v.comp.think-too-much), 進まない/susuma-nai (vi.neg.go-forward), アイデア/aidea (idea), 聞かせて/kikasete (v.causa.te.hear: GN), 探して/sagashite(v.te.seek)→ 探す/sagasu (vt.seek), がんばって/ganbatte (vi.te.do-one’s-best), 成果/seika (good result), でて/dete (vi.te.come-out)→出る/deru (vi.go/come-out),

3.7 Week 7: Natural Speaking 39

3.6.7 Day 42

Compliment/Suggestion 2.

Sentences1. 私、いかなくちゃ。

I have to go.2. 私のよりずっとうまい。

It is much better than mine.3. うれしい一言ですね。簡単に言えばです。

To put it briefly, I am so glad.4. 即答だなあ。

What a quick answer it is!5. いい線いっているんじゃない。

You have been doing good?6. 素敵な表現だし、気に入っていますよ。

It’s a nice expression and I like it.7. ちゃんとすると、ちゃんとするね。

If it has been done it properly, it will be properly.8. あまり考えたくないけど...。

I don’t want to think of it seriously...9. まあ、というのが、僕の理解ですが。

This is my understanding so far.10. そういう時間が必要なんだ、今は。

I need a time for doing such a thing for this moment.

Words and Expressionsいかなくちゃ/ikanakucha (vi.nai.te-wa: GN v.nakutewa-naranai/nakucha.col), いい線/ii-sen (look good), 素敵な/sutekina (na-adj.fantastic/nice), 表現/hyogen (ex-pression), 気に入って/ki-ni-itte (v.te.like)→ 気に入る/ki-ni-iru (vi.like), ちゃんとする/chantosuru (do/be properly), 時間/jikan (time), 必要/hitsuyo (na-adj.necessary),

3.7 Week 7: Natural SpeakingSometimes people fluently speaking foreign languages look like a very cool and natural.Even if she is not a native speaker of the language, you will feel her language verynatural. How did she do it? How did she acquire such a cool skill? Where did shefind those fantastic expresions?

3.7.1 Day 43

Interactive phrasese 1.

Sentences1. 自分の力でなんとかしたい。

I really want to handle it with my best effort.


2. 困っているなら、いくらか都合する。If you are in trouble, I will make it for you./I will prepare some money for you.

3. おばあちゃん、絶対喜ぶよ。Absolutely my grandma will be delighted with it.

4. 今、ぱっと思い浮かんだだけだけど。Now I just got an idea on my mind.

5. そろそろ行くよ。もう時間だし。It’s almost the time to go.

6. そうそう、楽しかった思い出が蘇るよ。Oh yeah, I remember the fun memories.

7. 他に質問は？Any questions?

8. マンガ返しに来ただけなんだけど、..。I just came by only to return Manga,..

9. ついでにみんなに会って帰ろうか。In this chance, I would like to go and see everyone.

10. 今日はね、自分でやってみたんだけど、どうかな。I tried it myself today, but how do you think of it?

Words and Expressions自分の力/jibun-no-chikara (my own effort),なんとかしたい/nantoka-shitai (want to dosomehow), 困っている/komatte-iru (be in trouble), いくらか/ikuraka (some amountof money), 都合する/tsugo-suru (n-suru.prepare-sth-for-sb), おばあちゃん/obachan(grandma), 絶対/zettai (na-adj.absolutely), 喜ぶ/yorokobu (vi.be-delighted), ぱっと/patto (quickly), 思い浮かんだ/omoi-ukanda (v.comp.hit-upon-ones-mind), 思い出/o-moide (memory), 蘇る/yomigaeru (vi.revive), 質問/shitsumon (question), 返し/kaeshi(v.masu.return), .. に来た/..ni-kita (come to do ..: GN v.masu.ni-kuru/iku), ついでに/tsuideni (in this chance), 会って/atte (vt.te.meet)→ 会う/au (vt.meet), 帰ろう/kaero (v.vol.go-home), 自分で/jibun-de (by myself), どうかな/dokana (how do youthink about it?),

3.7.2 Day 44


Sentences1. 久しぶりの東京だね。

It’s been a while since I came to Tokyo last time.2. 長らく来ていないよ。

I have not been here for a while.3. この店のことよく覚えてるんですか。

Do you remember this store well?4. いろいろ思い出してきた。

I gradually come to remember a little by a little.5. 何年ぶりだろう、ホント、なつかしいです。

It will be the first time in years, really, I am nostalgic.6. またいつでも来てくださいよ、そんなこと言わないで。


Please come back again any time and don’t say such a thing.7. この店が無駄なものだとは、どうしても思えない。

I cannot believe that this store is useless.8. どこもきびしいなあ、やりくりが。

It looks that everybody is facing a tough situation to make ends meet.9. もうちょっと早くしていれば。

If it would’ve been done a bit earlier,..10. どうにかなっただろうに。

It would not been like this.

Words and Expressions長らく/nagaraku (for a while),店/mise (shop),覚えてる/oboeteru (vt.te.col.remember),いろいろ/iroiro (various),何年ぶり/nannen-buri (for how long)なつかしい/natsukashii(i-adj.nostalgic), いつでも/itsudemo (any time), 無駄な/mudana (na-adj.useless), どこも/dokomo (everywhere), きびしい/kibishii (i-adj.severe), やりくり/yarikuri (tomake ends meet), 早くして/hayaku-shite (i-adj.ku-shite.to-do-earlier), .. ただろうに../..ta-daroni.. (it would have been ..)

3.7.3 Day 45


Sentences1. ひとつ、もらってもいい？おいしい！

Can I have one? It’s delicious!2. すごい、これ、どこで売ってた？

Awesome, where did you get this?3. なんて、おもしろい本なんだって感じですよ。

I think what an interesting book is.4. 何だ？今の音は？気のせいかな。

What is the sound right now? Maybe I’m thinking too much.5. いや、今、おもしろいところで、目が離せないんですよ。

No, now, I am in an interesting moment and I cannot keep an eye on it.6. 人生に必要なものってそんなにないはず。

There is not so many things that we need for life.7. そういう話は、やめてほしい。

Please stop talking such a topic.8. みなさんもこうしておけば、安心されるのでは？

I guess that all of you will be relieved by doing like that.9. みんなの笑顔が楽しみですよね。

I’m looking forward to everyone’s smile.10. 後は、先生に任せて、僕達は僕達の仕事をしよう！

Let’s leave it to our teacher, we will do our job!

Words and Expressions売ってた/utteta (vt.te-ta.sell: GN v.te-ta), なんて/nante (how), 音/oto (sound),気のせい/ki-no-sei (thinking too much), かな/kana (I wonder), おもしろいとこ


ろ/omoshiroi-tokoro (interesting moment: GN i-adj.tokoro), 目が離せない/me-ga-hanase-nai (cannot keep an eye on..), 人生/jinsei (life), .. はず/..hazu (thinkthat it must ..), 安心する/anshin-suru (n.suru.be-relieved), 笑顔/egao (smile), 楽しみ/tanoshimi (n.masu.fun), 後は/ato-wa (after..), 先生/sensei (teacher), .. に任せる/..ni-makaeru (leave it to ..), 僕達/bokutachi (we), 仕事/shigoto (work/job),

3.7.4 Day 46


Sentences1. 別にないけど、何もしなくてもいいかなあ。

I don’t have anything, but I wonder if I don’t have to do anything.2. うまい！

It tastes good.3. 子供みたいなこと、言ってる。

Saying things like kids, I’m telling you.4. 忘れてた。こんな大切なこと！

I forgot! Such an important thing!5. ちょうど良かった。

It’s a good timing.6. 売れば、いくらかになると思う。

If I sell it, I think it will be somewhat.7. 大丈夫だから。

It’s all right.8. いらなかったら、捨てて。

If you do not need it, throw it away.9. どうした？どうして？

What’s happen? Why?10. ごめんね、これぐらいしかできなくて。

I’m sorry, I can only do this.

Words and Expressions別にない/betsu-ni-nai (nothing special), .. みたいな/..mitai-na (na-adj.look-like),忘れてた/wasure-te (v.te-ta.past.forget), 売れば/ureba (v.reba.sell), いくらか/iku-raka (somewhat), いらない/iranai (not need)→ 要る/iru (vi.need), 捨てて/sutete(v.te.throw)→捨てる/suteru (vt.throw), ごめんね/gomenne (sorry),

3.7.5 Day 47


Sentences1. アイキア？それって、イケアのことですか？もしかして。

‘Aikia’? Is that about IKEA? Could it be.2. おじいちゃんに世話になったから、ただそれだけ。

Because I was taken care of by Grandpa, that’s it.


3. それはできれば言いたくないし、したくない。I do not want to say it if possible, I do not want to.

4. 本当のこと、話すよ。I will tell you the truth.

5. 恥ずかしくて言えない。It’s too embarrassing to say it.

6. びっくり、おどろいた。Surprised! I was surprised.

7. 別に、たかが一億円だろ。Not suprising. It’s just a hundred million yen.

8. ただ、おまえを心配しただけだよ。I just worried about you.

9. 何か、意味、あるんですか。Is there something meant to be?

10. 何で、こんなことここで始めたんでしょうか。Why did he start this kind of thing here?

Words and Expressionsアイキア/aikia (ikea), イケア/ikea (ikea), もしかして/moshikashite (could itbe?), おじいちゃん/ojiichan (grandpa), 世話/sewa (n.suru.take-care), できれば/dekireba (if possible), 恥ずかしくて/hazukashikute (i-adj.te.embarrassing), びっくり/bikkuri (n.suru.be-surprised), おどろいた/odoroita (vi.ta.be-surprised), たかが/takaga (merely), 一億円/ichiokuen (a hundred million yen), 心配/shimpai(n.susu.be-worried), 意味/imi (n.meaning), 始めた/hajimeta (vt.ta.start),

3.7.6 Day 48


Sentences1. いつから痛むんですか。

From when did it hurt?2. 少し楽になった？

Have you been a less pain?3. これから先は、君に任せるよ。

I will leave it to you from now on.4. こないだ 24歳になりました。

I just turned 24.5. お待たせしました。

Thank you for waiting.6. いつも休みは何してんの。

What are you doing on your day off?7. レストラン？適当なところ、どこでもいいよ。

Restaurant? If it is convenient, wherever is OK.8. 何か召し上がりますか。

Will you eat something?9. A=遅れてごめん。 B=いえ、私も今さっき着いたところ。


A=Sorry for being late. B=Don’t be. I just got here as well.10. A=プレゼント。 B=そんなのよかったのに！どうもありがとう。

A=This is a present for you. B=Oh you didn’t have to! But thank you.

Words and Expressions痛む/itamu (vi.hurt), 楽に/raku-ni (na-adj-ni.be-relieved), これから先/korekara-saki (from now on), 君/kimi (you), .. に任せる/..ni-makaseru (vt.entrust), こないだ/konaida (last day), 24 歳/nijuyon-sai (24 years old), 待たせる/mataseru(vt.causative.let-sb-wait), いつも/itsumo (always), 休み/yasumi (day-off), レストラン/resutoran (restaurant), 適当な/tekitouna (na-adj.proper), どこでも/dokodemo(wherever), 遅れて/okurete (vi.te.be-late), 今さっき/ima-sakki (a little before), 着いた/tsuita (vi.past.arrive), プレゼント/purezento (present), そんなの/sonna-no (sucha thing),

3.7.7 Day 49

Think too much.

Sentences1. ときどき何かを真剣に考えたりする。

I sometimes think about something seriously.2. うまく行かないと考えすぎてしまうものですよ。

We could think too much if it does not go well.3. 別に何になるわけではないけれども。

It does not become anything differently though.4. まじめなのでみんなから信頼されている。

Because he always do his own best, he is trusted by everybody.5. 具体的に説明すると、こういうことなんです。

If I explain it concretely, it is like this.6. どうして建築家になられたんですか。

Why did you become an architect?7. 理由なんかないですよ。なりたかったから、なっただけですよ。

There is no reason. I just wanted to be, and I just became it.8. すべてのことをはっきりさせる必要はありませんよ。

It is not necessary to clarify everything.9. もともとそんなものなんかないんだから、考えすぎるな。

Because there aren’t originally anything at all, don’t think too much.10. なるようになりますよ。

What will be will be.

Words and Expressionsときどき/tokidoki (sometimes), 何か/nanika (something), 真剣に/shinken-ni (na-adj-ni.serious), 考えたりする/kangae-tari-suru (v.tari-suru.sometimes-think: GN v.tari-suru), うまく行かない/umaku-ikanai (not go well), 考えすぎて/kangae-sugite (thinktoo much), .. てしまう/..te-shimau (GN cannot help doing), .. ものです/..mono-desu (we would do it usually/naturally: GN mono-da), .. わけではない/..wake dewanai (it is not always ..), わけ/wake (reason), まじめ/majime (serious), 信頼/shin-

3.8 Week 8: Summary 45

rai (n.suru.psiv.te-iru.be-trusted), 建築家/kenchikuka (architect), なられた/narareta(v.honorific.be: GN), 理由/riyu (reason), はっきりさせる/hakkiri-saseru (make itclear), はっきりする/hakkiri (v.suru.be-clear), もともと/motomoto (originally),

3.8 Week 8: SummaryThis will be the last week. Although practice always does not change, let’s practicedictating yourself and acquiring new words and expressions. You can acquire morethan 300 expressions if one day or even one day a day. Let’s do our best.

3.8.1 Day 50

Interactive phrasese part 8:

Sentences1. ちゃんとすれば、自然と成果は出ますね。

If you do properly, you will get results naturally.2. 遠慮なく言い合える関係ってちょっとむずかしいですよね。

It is a bit difficult to be able to say anything without hesitation.3. 間違えない人間っていないですよ。

No human beings who do not make a mistake.4. くよくよしないで、次に進むってことですね。

Don’t bother, let’s go ahead.5. あえて言うなら、同じ間違いを極力減らすってことですかね。

If I can say, it’s important to reduce the similar mistakes as much as possible.6. そうなったら、そうなったときに考えますよ。

If so, I will think when that happens.7. 開封後はお早めにお召し上がりください。

Please eat as soon as possible after opening.8. 犬も歩けば、棒に当る。

No matter what you attempt, tragedy may befall you.9. 猿も木から落ちる。

Homer sometimes nods./Even monkeys fall from trees.10. 終わりよければ全てよし。

All good if it ends.

Words and Expressions犬/inu (dog), 歩けば/arukeba (v.ba.walk: GN v.ba), 棒/bo (stick) 当る/ataru (vi.hit),猿/saru (monkey), 木/ki (tree), 落ちる/ochiru (vi.fall), 開封/kaifu (vt.suru.open-a-bag/packet/envelope), 開封後/kaifugo (after opening it), お早めに/ohayameni(as-soon-as-possible.polite), 召し上がる/meshiagaru (vt.honor.eat), 終わり/owari(v.masu.end), よければ/yokereba (i-adj.ba.good: GN good), 全て/subete (all), よし/yoshi (i-adj.good.archaic),

47

Appendix A

Grammar the Essentials

— A —i-adj.adv i-adjective adverbial use. karuku boru wo nageru. (Lightly throw a ball.)

20na-adj.na/ni na-adj-na noun ... noun modification / na-adj-ni verb ... na-adjective

adverbial usage. kirei ni ji o kaku. (Write the letters neatly.;na-adj ni + verb);kirei na heya. (Pretty room.; na-adj na + noun); kantan na mondai. (Simpleproblem.; na-adj na + noun); kantan ni toku. Solve easily. (na-adj ni + verb)10, 30

i-adj.neg i-adjective negative form. i-adj.non-past ends with ‘i’. Replacing ‘i’ with‘kunai’ becomes negative form. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

i-adj.so.look i-adjective + ‘so’: it looks ..; Omoshiro-so-desu-ne. (It looks interest-ing.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

archaic archaic word, which often uses in proverb or old literary works. . . . . . . . . .45— B —v.ba makes conditional clause. Ame ga fureba, suzushiku narimasu yo. (It will be

cool if it rains.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45v.ba-ii It is good/nice if it is ..; shiken ga nakereba-ii. (It is good without an exami-

nation.); okane ga areba-ii. (I wish I had the money.); . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,3.6.1

— C —chatte a colloquial expression of te-shimau → v.te-shimauv.comp compound verb often indicates a combination of two movement. nigirimasu

(vt.mold) + hajime-masu (vt.start) → nigiri-hajimemasu (start-to-mold); So-to-wa ii-kirenai.(I cannot say so definitely.); Sore-wa kagae-sugi desu-ne.(Youthink too much of it.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 20, 25, 35, 38

v.causa.te-kudasai causative; let me do sth. Chotto tukawasete kudasai. (Let me useit.) 38

— D —p.de.with-tool with ..; using tools: e.g. hashi de taberu.(I will eat with chopsticks.)

27p.de.at-place in; indicating a place to act: Toshokan de benkyo suru.(I will study in

the library.); Gogo wa sutaba de kohi.(I will have a cup of coffee at Starbucksin the afternoon.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 23

— G —good negative and conditional form of ii (good) are not i-ku-nai/i-kere-ba but yo-ku-

48 Appendix A Grammar the Essentials

nai/yo-kere-ba. Seiseki wa amari yo-ku-nai-desune. (My grades are not verygood.); Tennki ga yo-kere-ba, pikunikku ni ikimasho. (If the weather is fine,let’s go on a picnic.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

— H —v.honor a honorific expresses very polite attitudes of a speaker. Doshite kenchikuka

ni narareta no desuka. (Why did you become an architect?) 1G naru(vi.become)→nara-reru (v.honor.become); 2G taberu (vt.eat)→tabe-rareru (v.honor.eat); 3G suru (vt.do)→sareru (v.honor.do), and kuru(vi.come)→korareru (v.honor.come); . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.7.7

v.te-hoshii want sb to do. Genki ni natte hoshii desune. (I want him to get better.);36

— I —i-adj → A.— K —v.ta-koto-aru → v.ta-koto-ga-aruv.ta-koto-ga-aru indicates one’s experience; have ever done sth; nihon e itta koto ga

arimasu. (I have ever been to Japan.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 31, 34v.tari-suru do sth from time to time; sometimes do sth or do sth. Tokidoki haha

no koto o kangae-tari suru. (Sometimes I think of my mother.) Kyo wa ittarikitari shite totemo isogashikatta. (Today, I was very busy coming and going.)44

v.te-kuru become; indicates a state of change; Dandan wakatte kimashita. (I under-stand it gradually.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

v.te-kureru ..te kureru; do sth for me/us; Kore tabetekureru? (Could you eat thisfor me?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

v.te-moraemasenka you will ask sb to do sth. Sarada o tsukutte moraemasenka.(Could you make some salada for me?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

v.te-morau you will have some action(v) by sb. Sarada o tsukutte moraimashita.(Somebody made a salad for me.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

v.te-oku to do sth as a preparation; Gesuto ga kuru mae ni soji shite okimasho.(Before having an guest, let’s clean the room.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

— M —v.masenka how about v-ing?; Issho ni tabe-masenka. (How about eating with me?)

31v.masho formal style of volitional form which means “let’s do ...”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7v.masu It connects to the next sentence, it acts the same as v.te-form. Ittan hi wo

tome, mizu wo ireru.(Stop the fire once and put in water.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19v.masu.ni-kuru/iku come/go to do sth. Kono hon o kaeshi ni kimashita. (I came here

to return this book.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40v.masu.tate just done. Takitate no gohan wa oishii. (The freshly cooked rice is

delicious.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20v.masu.yasui easy to v. Wakari yasui desune. (It is easy to understand it.) . . . . . 34v.te-miru 1. to try..: yatte miru (try to do); 2. V1-te + miru: futa o totte miru

(remove a lid and see what’s inside.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13, 33mono-da we would do sth naturally.. Otona ni nareba, kodomo no toki no koto

o wasurete shimau monoda. (If you grow up, you would forget about yourchildhood.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

— N —

49

n.masu noun derived from v.masu. e.g. ugoku (vi.move)→ugoki (n.masu.motion);kono senshu wa ude no ugoki ga iidesune.(This player has good arm movements,isn’t it?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 19, 19, 20

na-adj → A.nakanaka..nai not to do easily. Tabaco no shukan wa nakanaka yamerarenai. (It is

not easy to quit the habit of smoking.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34nakuccha.. colloquial → nakereba-naranai.nakutewa-naranai → nakereba-naranai.nakereba-naranai must; have to do; use verb v.nai form and replace ‘nai’ with

‘nakereba-naranai’; kaka-nakereba-naranai (must write); yoma-nakereba-naranai (must read); Watashi ikanakucha (I have to go. colloquial) . . . . . . . 24,39

..ni-iku go to doing ..; ‘ni’ indicates the purpose of visiting some place; hiru-gohanwo tabe ni iku. (I will go to eat a lunch.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

— P —v.psiv passive voice usage of verb; it is used when making the receiver of the action the

subject; it often indicates that the speaker suffers damage;O yarareta (someonedid it before me.); 1G takes the 1st vowel sound ‘a’ of aiueo such as kawa +reru such as kawa-nai → kawa-reru; 2G takes v.nai + rareru such as tabe-nai→ tabe-rareru; 3G takes suru → sareru, and ko-nai → ko-rareru. . . . . . .17, 38

v.pot verb potential form. 1G takes the 4th vowel sound ‘e’ of aiueo such as kik-u.→kik-e-ru.(see Table ); 2G takes v.ru + rareru such as tabe-ru→tabe-rareru;3G takes ‘suru’ will be ‘dekiru’, and ‘kuru’ will be ‘korareru’.; . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

prefix.polite prefix ‘o’ and ‘go’ make an utterance polite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19— S —v.te-shimau 1. have been done; 2. to do sth completely; 3. cannot help doing; 4.

sorry for sth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 25, 29, 37, 44,n.suru suru verb type noun, which can act as verb with adding ‘suru’: benkyo

(noun.study)→benkyo-suru (vt.study); Benkyo ha kirai da (I dislike study);Nihongo o benkyo-suru (I will study Japanese.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 18, 27

— T —v.tai makes expression of desire. Replace verb-masu with verb-tai such as kaki-masu

(write)→kakitai, yomi-masu (read)→yomitai, tabe-masu (eat)→tabetai, . . 14,14

i-adj.tokoro the moment of adj. Ima omoshiroi tokoro desu. (It is the moment veryinteresting.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

v.ta-tokoro have just done sth. Chodo bangohan ga dekita tokoro desu. (Dinner hasjust cooked.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

v.tara makes conditional clause. iketara, iku. (If I can go, I will go.); In the case ofverb, replace ‘te’ of te.form with ‘tara’; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13, 18, 6

v.te te-form of verb. the connective usage of verb which connect verb phrase withthe following word or clause. 1G conjugates in four types: 1) n,b,m con-sonnant verbs replace -masu with -nde such as tobi-masu(jump)→tonde,shini-masu(die)→shinde, yomi-masu(read)→yonde; 2) k,g consonnantverbs replace -masu with -ite/-ide such as kiki-masu(listen)→kiite; oyogi-masu(swim)→oyoide; 3) i,t/ch,r consonnant verbs replace -masu with -tte suchas tori-masu(take)→totte; tachi-masu(stand)→tatte; kiri-masu(cut)→kitte; 4)s consonnant verbs replace -masu with -ite such as hanashi-masu→hanashite;

50 Appendix A Grammar the Essentials

2G and 3G conjugate replace -masu with -te such as tabe-masu→tabete;shi-masu→shite; ki-masu→kite; only iku is an exception such as iku→itte:Gohan o tabete kaette neta. (After eating, I went home and went to sleep.)te-form can connect with others such as chains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13, 13, 19

v.teru →v.te-iruv.te-iru 1. continuation of verb action: Ame ga futteiru. (It is raining.); 2. continua-

tion of verb results: Ichiro ga isu ni suwatteiru. (Ichiro is sitting on the chair.);3. Adjective usage to describe the state of verbs: Michi ga magatteiru. (Theroad is crooked.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 18, 37, 41

v.te-te → v.te-ite/v.te-iruv.te-ta → v.te-ita/v.te-iru— V —v.voli volitional form of verb which indicates “let’s do sth”; 1G uses the 5th line

vowel ‘o’ such as “Uta o utao.” (Let’s sing a song.); 2G adds ‘yo’. such as“Minna-de tabeyo.” (Let’s eat together.) 3G “Benkyo shiyo.” (Let’s study.),and “Ashita mata koyo.” (Let’s come here again.); . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 37

51

Appendix B

Recommendations

Video programs with English subtitles

1. Kekkon shinai otoko2. Okashi no ie3. Unnatural4. Yuja Yoshihiko to mao no shiro5. Always Sanchome no yuhi 1, 2, and ’646. Nigeru wa haji daga yaku ni tatsu

Music/J-pop songs

1. Hanamizuki by Hitotoyo2. Kimiwa tomodachi by Ken Hirai3. Okasan (Nursery rhymes)4. Fukuwarai by Yu Takahashi5. Genki o dashite by Mariya Takeuchi6. Okina tamanegi no shita de: harukanaru omoi by Bakufu-Slump7. Koi by Gen Hoshino8. Himawari no yakusoku by Motohiro Hata

Back cover:

Quintus Horatius FlaccusBC.65.12.8–BC.8.11.27Roman poet from Southern Italy

In the sundial of the photograph, it is en-graved with “Carpe Diem” in Latin, “Seizethe day” in English. It means that you willenjoy the day and living the best. It is aphrase that appears in the poetry of an-cient Roman poet Horatius in the 1st cen-tury BC. The phrase also appears in themovie “Dead Poets Society”, 1989 playedby Robin William.

Ten Sentences A Day for Eight WeeksDictation Everyday

Volume 12019 3 18 First edition

Author: Hilofumi Yamamotoc⃝2018, Hilofumi Yamamoto

Carpe Diem

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