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RMT Sales Training 12/98 Phase II -Temperature Transmitter

1Rosemount Produc t Train ing

PHASE II

Agenda:Features of various temperature

transmitters models

Modular constructional description

RTD Sensor MatchingRTD Sensor Trim

RTD sensor Reference

General specification

Ordering Information

TPE calculation

Rosemount Product Train ing

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2

3144/3244 Smart Temperatu reTransmit ter

Dual compartment housing provides the greatestreliability for:

High humidity environments

Highly corrosive environments

High RFI environments

3144/3244MVs detect open sensor safely and reliably

Hot Backup feature (3244MV only) makes base levelredundancy affordableto reduce the risk of failure on

critical measurements

Capable of handling differential temperature.

Completely independent alarm circuitry

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3

3244MV - Hot Backup Makes RiskReduct ion Affordable

What is Hot Backup??

4-20 mA output:

bumplesstransfer to

signal from sensor 2 if

sensor 1 fails!

Dual Element RTD

Sensor (Series 78)

A 3244MVis connected to tw o senso r elements -- RTD or T/C.

If the first element fails, the transmitters 4-20 signal

will automatical lyand immediatelyswitch to thesecond sensor.

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4

3244MV Differential TemperatureCapabi l i ty

Reactor Hot Spots

Heat Exchanger Efficiency

Steam in/condensate out Process Fluid DT

Superheater Soot Blowing

Measure DT for Superheater efficiency

Use DT to minimize high pressure steam use

for soot blowing

DCS

TT

TT

T1 T2T2-T1

PID

Differential Temperatu re App l icat ions

DT

DCS

T2-T1PID

Reduce I/O points

and DCS memory

with the 3244MVWith 3244 mV

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5

3244MV with:

-MATCHED (Cal. van. Dusen ), dual element sensor,

-enabled HOT BACK-UP,-delivering Sensor Averaging (PV output),

-monitoring Sensor Drift (HART Alert signal - LCD display)

Good Application: Reactor in Chemical Plant

User definable

Drift Range

Delta T(dual

element)

t

SENSOR DRIFT ALERT

diagnoses the health of

the sensor BEFORE it

breaks or drifts outside

of an acceptable range !

Delta T has drifted outside specified range;

Transmitter outputs an alert

3244MV Diagnos ticsfor Ult imate in Accu racy and Rel iabi l i ty

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6

Nameplate

Electronics Module

Electronics Housing

Meter

Isolation Board

Model 3144/3244 - Exp loded View

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7

D/AA/D

Communications

Nonvolatile Memory

ISOLATION

Model 3144/3244 - B lock Diagram

Digital to Analog

Signal Conversion

Analog to DigitalSignal Conversion

Microcomputer

DigitalCommunications

- Sensor Linearization- Rerange- Diagnostics- Engineering Units

- Range Values- Configuration- Correction Coefficients- Trimming Constants- Special Tables

Smart Electronics

Reference

InputCold Junction

Compensation

TerminalTemperature

Sensor

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8

Dig ital ; (PV fo r 3144 o r PV, SV, TV, QVfor 3244) + Term . Temp + Ref. Inpu t &

(or) CJC Values

3144/3244 B lock d iagram

D/AA/D

Communications

To reference

ambient to 0Cfor T/C input

only

To make

reference to

the variety of

sensor option

selected

Input/output isolation to

707 V dc.Electronics is protected

against surge from un-

grounded sensor

Temperature

3144 takes 1

sensor input

only

ISOLATION

Analog-to-DigitalSignal Conversion Cold JunctionCompensation

Reference

Input

Terminal

Temperature

Sensor

RTD Built into Electronics

for ambient temperature

correction with respect to

calibration temperature

3244 takes 2

sensor inputs

Temperature sensors is

a separate component.Accepts inputs from a

wide variety of sensors.

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9

Sensor Calibration DataFor Sensor Matching option

Allow transmitter + Sensor calibrations

Corrected, Lin earizedDigital PV

Data

Continuous Self-

Diagnostics

To configure

transmitter

For ambient temperature compensation

Latest

Configuration

4-20 mA

points

3144/3244 B lock d iagram

D/AA/D

Communications

HART Protocol

Digit al; PV + Term . Temp

+ Ref. Input & (or) CJC

Data

+0.5 mA

0.5 mA

0 mA

1200 Hz 2200 Hz1 0

4-20 mA

Electronic Module Memory

Microcomputer Digital-to-AnalogSignal Conversion-Sensor Linearization

-Rerange-Damping-Engineering Units-Diagnostics

-Communications

- Range Values- Configuration- Correction Coefficients

- Trimming Constants- Special Tables

Digital Communications-Bell 202 FSK

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10Model 3144/3244 - Smart Elect ron ics

Circuit board sealed in anenclosure

Utilize digital ASICs,microcomputer, and surface

mount technologies

Digitize the input signal fromsensor

Applies correction coefficients

Simultaneously outputs fourout of the following five digital

signals:Sensor 1 temperature

Sensor 2 temperature

Differential temperature

Average temperature

Terminal temperature

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11

3144 & 3244MV Produc t OverviewSpecif icat ion

Digital HART communications superimposed on

analog signal

Wide variety of user-selectable inputs with 275

HART communicator

RTDs, T/Cs, mVs, Ohms Accuracy

D/A: 0.02% of span, A/D: 0.1C for Pt 100 RTDs

Turn-on time less than 5.0 seconds

Update time 0.5seconds

Full approvals available (see PDS)

Wide rangeability

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123144 & 3244MV Stabil i ty Specif ication

5 years Stability:

0.25% of reading or 0.25C which is greater for RTDs

0.5% of reading or 0.5C which is greater for T/Cs

2 years Stability: 0.1% of reading or 0.1C which is greater for RTDs

1 year Stability:

0.1% of reading or 0.1C which is greater for T/Cs

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Pt100 a385 Temp vs Resistance

sensor matchedcurve in tx

A fourth order equation can be programmed into the 3244MV/3144 to

follow non-ideal sensor curvature; simply enter four constants using 275

Constants can be entered at the factory or in the field

3144/3244MV can also do sensor referencing! But NEVERat the factory

Temperature (C)

Resistance()

Ro= 99.9717a = 0.00385367

b = 0.172491

d = 1.61027

3144/3244MV Senso r Match ing Elim inates Erro r #1:Sensor Interchangeabi l i ty Errors

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How Do I Implement Transm it ter-SensorMatching?

Characterize the sensor. Order the X8option for a Calibration Schedule over a customer -

specified temperature range

OR

Order the appropriate V option

Rt=R0 R0 a(t- d(0.01t-1)(0.01t) - b(0.01t-1)(0.01t)3 )

Metal Tag

COMES WITH V

OPTIONS ONLY!!

Ro= 99.9717

a = 0.00385367

b = 0.172491

d = 1.61027

Both the X8option and the V options will provide your customer withthe Callendar-Van Dusen constants

4th Order

Equation

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How Do I Implement Transm it ter-SensorMatching?

Calibrate the transmitter to the sensor! Change thecurve in the transmitter using Callendar-Van Dusen

constants: R0, a, b, d 275 used to enter constants

AMS to enter constants

The transmitter can be purchased with the Callendar-VanDusen constants already entered: C2 Option

They must have ordered an X8or Voption on their RTD, too!

This curve gives the transmitter the shape of the RealRTD curve and eliminates interchangeability error!

: TheC2 Option is offered with which models?

3144 & 3244 only

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16Typical Accu racy Improvements

Std Temp V2 Option

0.3oC 0oC 0.07oC

0.43oC 25oC 0.07oC

0.55oC 50oC 0.09oC

0.68oC 75oC 0.10oC

0.8oC 100oC 0.11oC

0.93oC 125oC 0.10oC

1.05oC 150oC 0.09oC

1.18oC 175oC 0.07oC

1.3oC 200oC 0.07oC

Model 3144 - span ( 0 to 200C)

Series 68 RTD Sensor, V2 OptionProcess Temperature = 150C

Std 68 sensor Accuracy

RMT Model 3144 0.18C

Std Series 68 RTD 1.05CTotal System 1.23C

Improved accuracy at 150C

68 sensor with V2 Option Accuracy

RMT Model 3144 0.18C

Std Series 68 RTD 0.09C

Total System 0.27C

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17

Error correction profile is programmed into transmitter. Each transmitter has an on-board RTD to measure

ambient temperature.

Based on the reading, transmitter software corrects for

ambient temperature effects.

3144/3244MV Temp . Characterization A ttacks Error#3: Am bient Temp. Effects

Each transmitter is tested from -40

to 185oF ambient over a 24 hour

period.

Computerized test system learns

how transmitter reacts at varying

ambient temps.Characterization Stations With Environmental Test Chambers

Temperature effect can add up to 5oF of error if not

compensated for properly!

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18

Model 3144/3244Mount ing Bracket Opt ion

Housing maybe ro tated 90

degree

Option B4Universal SST Moun ting

Brackets & Bol ts fo r 2-inch

Pipe and Panel Mountin g

Option B5Universal SST L Mounting

Brackets & Bol ts fo r 2-inch

Pipe Moun ting

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19

3144/3244 Process Connection:Typical North American Conf igurat ion

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20

3144/3244 Process Connection:Typical European Con f igurat ion

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21

FAIL MODEHI = 21.50 mA OutputLO = 3.70 mA Output

TRANSMITTER SECURITYOn - Read OnlyOFF - Read and Write

Model 3144/3244 Jumper Select ion

Set fail mode jumper to match how the customer wants thatloop to react when an instrument fails.

If user wants to avoid configuration changes after initialsetup, put security jumper to on. Might be option in validatedplants and loops like in FDA, pharmaceutical plants, ect.

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22Model 3144/3244 Meter Op tion - M5

FAIL MODE

HI = 21.50 mA Output

LO = 3.70 mA Output

The failure mode jumper is locatedon the LCD faceplate in the

electronics side of the transmitterand is labeled, FAIL MODE.

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23Model 3144/3244 Options

Transm it ter Cal ibrat ion Opt ions : 3-point calibration:Check output at 0,50,100%

5-point calibration:Check output at 0,25,50,75,100%

3-point calibration WITH certificate: 5-point calibration WITH certificate:

(Standard)

C4

Q4C4Q4

C2

C7

Sensor Matching Opt ion:trim to specific RMT RTD calibration schedule:for RMT 68, 78, or 88 RTD Sensor

Special Sensor Option:trim to special non-standard sensor

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24Quiz #1 & 2:3144/3244 Ordering

Ordering Example 1: Customer needs: 3144 transmitter with FM intrinsic safety approval

Panel mounting with LCD Meter

Transmitter match to RMT RTD sensor in factory

3144 D 1 K5 B4 M5 C2 (from 3144 PDS)

3244MV 1 E9 B4 M5 T1 (from 3244 PDS)0065N 3 1 N 0000 N 0165 E9 x1 (from Sensors PDS)

Ordering Example 2:Customer needs:A transient protected 3244 with European flameproof approvalPanel mount with LCD meterAssembled to Series 65 single element RTD sensor

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25

644H Head Mount

Transmitter

644R Rail Mount

Transmitter

644 Smart Temperature Transm itters

SMARTwith HART communications User selectable, wide variety ofRTD &

thermocouple inputswith 275 HART communicator

Unrestricted span setting within the sensor range

Temperature corrected electronics

Full approvalsavailable (see PDS) Sensor Referencingfeature

1 or 2 - point trim in engineering units Simplifies calibration of transmitter & sensor together

Sensor Trimmingfeature 1 or 2-point trim in W/ mV

Accuracy D/A: 0.03% of span, A/D: 0.15C for Pt 100 RTDs

Stability 0.1% of reading or 0.1C whichever is greater for

RTDs & T/Cs

Factory Sealed & Non-Repairable

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26Model 644 - B lock Diagram

D/AA/D

Communications

Nonvolatile Memory

ISOLATION

Digital to Analog

Signal Conversion

Analog to DigitalSignal Conversion

Microcomputer

DigitalCommunications

- Sensor Linearization- Rerange- Diagnostics- Engineering Units

- Range Values- Configuration- Correction Coefficients- Trimming Constants

Smart Electronics

Reference

InputCold Junction

Compensation

TerminalTemperature

Sensor

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27644 Block diagram

Digi tal; PV + Term . Temp + Ref. Inpu t& (or) CJC Values

D/AA/D

Communications

To reference

ambient to 0C

for T/C input

only

To make

reference tothe variety of

sensor option

selected

Input/output isolation to

707 V dc.Electronics is protected

against surge from un-

grounded sensor

Temperature

644 takes 1

sensor input

only

ISOLATION

Analog-to-Digital

Signal Conversion Cold JunctionCompensation

Reference

Input

Terminal

Temperature

Sensor

RTD Built into Electronics

for ambient temperaturecorrection with respect to

calibration temperature

Temperature sensors is

a separate component.Accepts inputs from a

wide variety of sensors.

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28

Sensor Calibration Data

Allow transmitter + Sensor calibrations

Corrected, Lin earized

Digital PV

Data

Continuous Self-

Diagnostics

To configure

transmitter

For ambient temperature compensation

Latest

Configuration

4-20 mA

points

644 Block diagram

D/AA/D

Communications

HART Protocol

Digi tal; PV + Ref. Inpu t +

Term. Temp & (or) CJC

Values

+0.5 mA

0.5 mA

0 mA

1200 Hz 2200 Hz1 0

4-20 mA

Electronic Module Memory

Microcomputer Digital-to-AnalogSignal Conversion-Sensor Linearization

-Rerange-Damping-Engineering Units-Diagnostics

-Communications

- Range Values- Configuration- Correction Coefficients

- Trimming Constants

Digital Communications-Bell 202 FSK

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29Model 644 & 244E

Failure Mode Switch

644H/244EH 644R/244ER

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30

244E PC ProgrammableTemperature Transm itter

Microprocessor-based Analog Transmitter

Universal, programmable input

RTDs, T/Cs, mVs, Ohms

Full CENELEC, FM, CSA approvals (see PDS)

Stability

0.1% of span or 0.1C, whichever is greater for 12months for RTDs & T/Cs

Model structure similar to 644

Program with IBM-compatible PC and 244ECconfigurer

NOSensor Trimming or Matching capabilities.

Accuracy: vary with type of input selected (Eg.):

Pt100 = 0.1% of span or 0.25C whichever is greater

T/C type K = 00.1% of span or 1.0C whichever is greater

Factory sealed and Non-Repairable 244EH Head Mount

Transmitter

244ER Rail MountTransmitter

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31644 / 244E Analog Output A larm Levels

NAMUR- Compliant: (A1 option)

Linear Output: 3.8I 20.5

Fail High: 21.0 I 23.0mA Fail Low:I 3.6 mA

High or low failure mode on sensor burnout viajumper (values of failure mode depend on factory

configuration)

Standard: Linear Output: 3.9 I 20.5

Fail High: 21.0 I 23.0 mA Fail Low: I 3.75 mA

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32

644 /244E Produc t OverviewPhys ical Speci f icat ions

Mounting Options

644H/244EH in

Junction Box at

remote location

from sensor

Control

System

Process Pipe

Control

Room

Field

4-20 mA

T/C or RTD

mV or W

signal

4-20 mA

644R/ 244ER Railmount

Mounts directly to wall or to DIN rail

Sensor termination only

644H/ 244EH Headmount

DIN-style& threaded-style (with L1 housing) mounting integralto sensorMounting remote from sensor with junction box; J1 - J4 OptionsClip available for DIN rail mounting

644H/244EH in L1

connection head

integral with

sensor

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33644 Sensor Referencing & Sensor Tr im

Sensor Referencing

Comparing site standard withtransmitter+sensor system inengineering units.

One point (linear offset)

Two-point (Slope correction)

Applicable for RTDs & T/Cs

Sensor Trim

Comparing site standard withtransmitter+sensor system in ohms/mv.

One point (linear offset)

Two-point (Slope correction)

Applicable for RTDs only

Reduce sensor interchangeability error

real sensorcurve

new trimmed

curve in 644


Resistan

ce

Temperature

standardIEC 751 curve


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34

Sensor connected to transmitter is place in a temperature bathat a

specific temperature & the known temperature is entered via HART

communicator in Engineering Unit.

Method:1. Compare site standard with

transmitter / sensor systemat point 1

2. Note offset3. Program offset via 275

HART communicator

4. Repeat step 1 to 3 at point 2

644 Senso r Referencing:

Sensor referencing isNEVERdone at the factory

Temperature Bath

(1 or 2 points)

Known bath

temperature

Enter inEngineer ing

uni t

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35

644 Sensor Trim - Interchangeabi l i ty Error can bereduced with Two-Point Tr im

Calibrate the transmitter to the sensor! Enter one or two pointsinto the transmitter

Enter known R0& calculated RTresistance values via HARTcommunicator.

Order the V1 option

gives CVD constants for a range of 32 to 212 F (provided on ametal tag attached to the sensor).

The Rovalue is the ice point resistance, and can be used for a one

point trim

The alpha value can be used to give the resistance at the boiling point

R0

RT

Ro= 99.9717

a = 0.00385367

b = 0.172491

d = 1.61027 Senso r replaced by p lant standard decade box

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36

644 Sensor Trim - Interchangeabi l ity Error can b ereduced with Two-Point Tr im

Calibrate the transmitter to the sensor! Enter one or twopoints into the transmitter

Enter known resistance values via HART communicator.

Order the X8option

for a Calibration Schedule over a customized range, and useany two points you wish (or X9 for a one point trim)

The X8 option provides a resistance vs. temperature table over

the customer specified range.

The X9 provides a single point.

Temperature Resistance

(F) W

32 99.979

33 100.216

34 100.42

35 100.59

36 100.865

.....

212 138.495 Senso r replaced by p lant standard decade box

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37

Verify that the correct device descriptor for the model

644 is loaded!!!

1) Turn on the 275 hart communicator in offline configuration2) Select (1)offline, (1)new configuration, (1)Rosemount, (1)644

temp.

3) For successful communication, dev V3 dd V1 must be present

3144/3244 - dev V1 dd V7

275 HART Commun icator to establ ish commun icationw ith 644 or 3144/3244 Smart Transm itter

Digi tal Commun icat ion

Module Revision : 4.6 for Y2K compliance ofHART 275 communicator

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38

244E Introduct ion244EC Con figu rer

244E transmitters are programmedwith 244EC configurer and IBM-compatible PC

User-friendly, Windows-basedsoftware

Windows 3.1 Windows 95

244EC configuration interfacemodule

Small, light-weight, convenient!

Battery powered, 9VDC AC adapter jack; adapter not included

Communication cables included

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39

244E Introduct ion244EC Con figu rat ion Screen

244E transmitters program available in multiple languages: English

German

French

Spanish

Italian

Japanese

Chinese

Korean

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40

644H / 244EH U.S-Sty le AssembliesOrder ing Info rmat ion

U.S-style threaded

sensor Assembly

Integral Mount Sensor Connection Head for

Sensor + Transmitter assembled together

Order 644H transmitter with L1enclo sure

Order from Transmitter PDS

Order Sensor from Temperature Sensors,

Assemblies, and Accessories PDS Select sensor type

Select Sensor Lead Wire Terminationcode

N code for vol 1 sensor

3 code for vol 2 sensor Noti fy to assembly sensor to transm itter

X1or

line note assemble together

Similar pro cedu re for 244EH

-inch NPT

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41

644H / 244EH DIN-Sty le AssembliesOrder ing Info rmat ion

Order X1 enclosure for DIN-style sensor

assembly

If ordering X1: For E1 and N1 Approvals:

1) Order 644 H NA X1 from 644 PDS2) Order enclosure assembly from Sensors PDS

For all approvals except E1 and N1:1) Order from 644 PDS

Suitable for Vol 2 (Code 1 & 2) sensors

NOT app l icable for Vol 1 sensors

Similar pro cedu res for 244EH

DIN-style sensor assembly

(Europe)

Integral Mount Sensor Connection Head for

Sensor + Transmitter assembled together

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42

644H / 244EH Remote AssemblyOrder ing Info rmat ion

Junct ion box enables mount ing of transm it ter and the sensor

assembly s eparately when used w ith su itable shielded cable and

cable gland .

Junction Box (J1- J4 Options)

with Model 644H / 244EH

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43

Enclosure

X1

J1

J2

J3

J4

L1

None

Valid Options from 644 PDS

I1, I5, I6, NA E1, N1; val id ONLY when o rdered from s enso r PDS

I1, E1, N1, I5, K5, E5, NA

I1, E1, N1, I5, K5, E5, NA

I1, E1, N1, I5, K5, E5, I6, C6, E6, NA

I1, E1, N1, I5, K5, E5, I6, C6, E6, NA

I5, K5, E5, I6, C6, E6, NA

I1, I5, I6, NA

644H / 244EH Opt ionsOrder ing Info rmat ion

J1 - J4 and L1

J3, J4 and L1

J1 - J4

Enclosure

Ratings

NEMA 4X

CSA Enclo su re Type 4X

IP66 & IP 68

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44

644 / 244E OptionsOrder ing Info rmat ion

Transm it ter Cal ibrat ion Opt ions :

3-point calibration:

Check output at 0,50,100%

5-point calibration:

Check output at 0,25,50,75,100%

3-point calibration WITH certificate:

5-point calibration WITH certificate: C4Q4

Q4

C4

Standard

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45644/244 Failu re Mode Jumper

1 2 34

0

+

+-

IH

FAIL MODE SWITCH

HI = 21.0 mA Output

LO = 3.8 mA Output

Set alarm mode by positioning the switch to the HI or LOmark.

644H / 244EH - located near the power terminals on the top644R / 244ER - located in the center of the front panel.

Communication

Terminals

Sensor Terminals

Power Terminals

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46644 Security (Write-p ro tect)

F1 F2 F3 F4

644 Temp:TT-5621

Device Setup1 Process variables2 Diag/Service3 Basic Setup4 Detailed Setup5 Review

F1 F2 F3 F4F1 F2 F3 F4

644 Temp:TT-5621

Diag/Service

1 Test device2 Loop Test3 Calibration4 Write Protect

HOME

HOME HOMEHELP

644 Temp:TT-5621

Write Protect

1 Write protect2 WP password3 WP enable

F1 F2 F3 F4

644 Temp:TT-5621

Online1 Device Setup2 PV 0.00 deg C3 PV AO 4.00 mA4 PV LRV 0.00 deg C5 PV URV 100.00 deg C

Write-protect

mo de can be

enabled &

disabled via

HART

Communicat ion.

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47Quiz #3 & 4:644 Ordering

Ordering Example 3: Customer needs:

644 with CENELEC intrinsic safety approval

5-point calibration certificate

Aluminum junction box, 2 inch SS pipe bracket, M20 x 1.5

644 H I1 J1 C4Q4 (from 644 PDS)

644 H NA X1 C4 A1 (from 644 PDS)0065 A 1 1 N 0000 N 0165 E1 X1 (from Sensors PDS)

Ordering Example 4: European customer needs: 644 with CENELEC(BASEEFA) Flame-proof approval 5-point calibration

single element flying lead sensor DIN-style sensor assembly NAMUR alarm levels

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48Example:Perform ance Calculat ion

Total analog accuracy= Digital accuracy + D/A accuracy Total temp. effect= Digital temp effect + D/A temp effect

Calculate the TPE of 3144 using Pt 100 ( = 0.00385)sensor input with 0 - 200C calibrated at 20C with anactual ambient temperature of 30C.

Digital accu racy =

D/A accu racy =

Digital Temp effect =

D/A temp effect =

TPE =

=

0.1C

(0.0002 x 200 ) = 0.04C

T =10C

0.0015C x 10 = 0.015C 0.00001 x 200 x 10 = 0.002C

(0.12 + 0.042 + 0.0152 + 0.0022 ) C

0.11C

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49Test

1. List the four main errors that cause inaccuracy in temperaturemeasurement.

Ident i fy ALL the RMT Transm itter Models :

(a) 244E (b) 644 (c) 3144 (d) 3244 , that sat is fy the

fo l lowing descr ip t ions:

2. Is configured by PC programme only. [ ]

3. Has the Capability of handling hot back-up &differential temperature measurement. [ ]

4. Has SMART capability. [ ]

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50Test

5. Has Sensor Matching capability. [ ]

6. Has Sensor Trim capability. [ ]

7. Outputs only analog signal. [ ]

8. Write protect is enabled via HART 275 communicator.[ ]

9. How many digital variable can a 3244MV output [ ]

10. 3144 was calibrated in the factory at 20C to a span 0 to

400C. In the field this transmitter have to be connected to Pt

100 RTD sensor at 70C ambient temperature. Calculate the

operating accuracy (TPE) and express it in C.

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51Answer Sheet

Enter the answers for the test given in this module and sent one copy to

the RMT A/P Trainer in Singapore . Attention to RMT Trainer at

Fax : (65) 7708000 or (65) 7770947 or (65) 7770743

E-Mail : [email protected]

RMT Trainer wi l l feedback to you the resul t & s olut ion

Name: Title:

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Q1 Q6

Q2 Q7

Q3 Q8

Q4 Q9

Q5 Q10

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We need to know how much you know !!!We need to know how much you know !!!

Temp_Txr

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