Temporal and Spatial Invasion

Generation and ‘a half’• Field invasion

• Large fires

• First generation poor wood quality– “wolf trees”

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 140

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INVASION

Harsher siteMesic site

YEARS AFTER DISTURBANCE

# O

F TR

EES

Cohort

Cohort = all trees that initiate after a disturbance. Oldest trees in a cohort are those that initiate first; youngest trees are those that initiate just before all growing space is occupied.

Cohorts

Age

Num

ber o

f tr

ees

CLUMPINESS

• Variable density

• Microsite

Stem maps?

• Asymmetric crowns

• Leaning trees

Including the 3rd dimension

• Lower strata can be clumped at a different spatial scale

• Scale

• Grain size

A B C D

E F G H

Random?

Seeing The Forest Beyond The Trees

Basic Stocking


Basic Stocking and Yield

1.0

0.0

Rel

ativ

e Yi

eld

Stocking


Elements of Regeneration Stocking

Basic• Are there enough trees to occupy all of

the available growing space?

Enhanced• Is the growing space allocated in a

manner that we will achieve our desired future forest condition?


Allocation of Growing Space- a simple case -


Allocation of Growing Space- a more complex case -

• Species composition• Species Intermingling• Spatial Pattern• Vertical Structure• Scale• Stand Density


Succession - Conifers


Succession - Mixedwoods


The Conifer Free-Growing Paradigm

OK Not OK


The Conifer Free-Growing Paradigm

Mixedwoods are a continuumof competitive conditions


New Mixedwood Paradigmfor Regeneration Standards

C CD DC D

Temporal and Spatial Invasion

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