Temporal and Infratemporal Fossae

8/11/2019 Temporal and Infratemporal Fossae

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Temporal and Infratemporal

Fossaeoramosmd


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Infratemporal Fossa

Boundaries: Anterior: posterior surface of the maxilla

Posterior: styloid process

Medial: lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid

Lateral: ramus and coronoid process of themandible

Roof: greater wing of the sphenoid


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Infratemporal fossa contents

1. temporalis m. 2. Lateral and medial pterygoid muscle 3. pterygoid plexus 4. mandibular nerve 5. maxillary A. 6. chorda tympani 7. Otic ganglion


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Temporal Fossa

Boundaries: Anterior: zygomatic process of the frontal bone and frontal process of the zygoma.

Posterior: temporal line

Superior: temporal line

Inferior: zygomatic arch

Floor: parts of the frontal,parietal, temporal,andgreater wing of the sphenoid.


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Muscles of mastication

1. Medial pterygoid Elevates and protracts the mandible

2. Lateral pterygoid Depresses and protracts the mandible

3. Masseter Elevates and retracts the mandible

4. Temporalis Elevates and retracts the mandible


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D. Nerves of the ITF

A. Mandibular division of the trigeminalnerve

Exits through the foramen ovale. Provides innervation to the lower teeth and lower part of the

face below the lower lip and mouth.


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Branches:1. Meningeal branch

2. Muscular branches

3. Buccal nerve

4. Auriculotemporal nerve

5. Lingual nerve

6. Inferior alveolar nerve


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B. The otic ganglion receives preganglionic PS fibers from the CN 9,

tympanic plexus, and lesser petrosal nerve . Branches into auriculotemporal nerve innervating

the Parotid gland.


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Freys syndrome(gustatory sweating): Usually a complication of superficial

parotidectomy. produces flushing and sweating instead of

salivation in response to taste of food resulting from injury of the auriculo temporal nerve.


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The Parotid gland

Largest salivary gland Encased by the superficial layer of the deep

cervical fascia.


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Separated from the submandibular gland bythe stylomandibular ligament.

Dumbbell shaped. It contains predominantly serous secreting

acinar cells.


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The Parotid( stensens )duct: Arises from the anterior border of the gland as a

termination of various extraglandular ductules. It traverses the masseter and located about

1.5cm below the zygoma. It penetrates the buccinator muscle and empties

into the oral cavity opposite the upper 2 nd molar.


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Blood supply of the parotid

Supplied by the TRANVERSE FACIAL ARTERYwhich is a branch of the ECA.


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Venous drainage

The parotid gland empties via theretromandibular vein and into the EJV.

It also drains via the Common facial vein andeventually through the IJV.


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Lymphatic drainage

Via the superficial and deep cervical systems. Unlike other salivary glands, Lymph Nodes are

contained within the parenchyma of theParotid gland.


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Facial nerve

It emerges from the stylomastoid foramen . Before it enter the parotid gland, It gives

branches to the stylohyoid, postauric ular andposterior belly of the digastric muscles.

The parotid gland is separated into superficialand deep lobes by the facial nerve.


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The facial nerve divides at the pes anserinusto form the:

Temporofacial branches

Cervicofacial branches


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Temporofacial branches: Temporal, Zygomatic and Buccal

branches Cervicofacial branches:

Mandibular and cervical branches.


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General characteristics:

The mandibular branch: exits the glanddistally and pass superficial to the facial vein.

The Buccal branch courses parallel to thestensens duct.

The zygomatic branch crosse the zygomaover the periosteum.

The temporal branch runs parallel andsuperficial to the superficial temporal artery.


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VI. Joints and ligaments of theinfratemporal region

1. Temporomandibular joint 2. Pterygomandibular raphae

3. Stylomandibular ligament


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TMJ

It is a pressure bearing DOUBLE synovial jointand constitutes a compound joint involving 3 ormore bones.

Components: Squamous part of the temporal bone Mandibular condyle Articular capsule Articular disc Joint ligaments Synovial membrane


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Blood supply of the TMJ

Superficial temporal artery Deep auricular and masseteric arteries from

the maxillary artery.


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Venous drainage

Temporomandibular veins then via theretromandibular vein.


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Innervation

Motor: mandibular division of the CN V Sensory: auriculotemporal, masseteric and

posterior deep temporal nerve.


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Principle movements

The mandible: A. Forward-backward movement.

B. Opening-closing movement. C. lateral movement.


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Next topic.


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Temporal and Infratemporal Fossae

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