Temple Bar Talks: R. Kooyman
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Transcript of Temple Bar Talks: R. Kooyman
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UU / HKU
Rene KOOYMANDublin30 June 2011
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The cultural and creative industries ‘Cultural industries’: goods or services thatembody cultural expressions, irrespectivecommercial value: film, DVD, video, televisionand radio, video games, new media, music,
books and press, performing arts, visual arts.
‘Creative industries’ : use culture as an input , whose outputs are mainly functional: architecture, advertising, design and fashion.’
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staff headcountannual turnover, orannual balance sheet
The SME definition
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Size of enterprises by sector across CCIs Eurokleis 2010
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Distribution of total turnover per size class Eurokleis 2010
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30 June 2011 rene kooyman
Staff headcount - turnover
o Micro (< 2 milj € / 10 p)
o Medium (2 – 10 m € / 50 – 250 p)
o Large enterprises (250+):
2006: Cultural Industries BRD
o 763.000 taxable employees
Fesel/Söndermann BRD 2009
74% nr of enterprises 27 % turnover
3 % enterprises 32 % turnover
< 1 % nr enterprises 40 % turnover
o 210.000 Free-lance workers
not registered
Creative industries:
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30 June 2011 rene kooyman
SPECIFICITIES OF CCIs Labour market• Thrives on numerous small initiatives• Non-conventional forms of employment; part-time
work, temporary contracts, self-employment , free-lancers; career high degree of uncertainty
• Multiple job-holdings; combined sources of income• Heterogeneity of human resources ; higher
professional training, vernacular backgrounds, craft industry, any other category
• No longer fits typical patterns of full-time professions
• New type of employer; the ‘entrepreneurial individual’ or ‘entrepreneurial cultural worker’
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30 June 2011 rene kooyman
DIFFERENCES PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
• Creative inputs and products are abundant
• Hypercompetitive environment
• Knowledge-based and labour-intensive input
• Not ‘simply merchandise’, but express cultural uniqueness and identities
• Experience goods; production and consumption ‘on the spot’
• Product life-cycles are short
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30 June 2011 rene kooyman
CCIs AS KEY STRATEGIC FACTOR
• CCIs drivers of economical growth (UNCTAD)
• Drivers of innovation: driving innovative processes into realisation
• Flexibility; direct producer/client interaction; meet the clients needs
• CCIs stand at the core of cultural and industrial networks
• CCIs and Technological change/digitisation two-way process
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The OECD/EUROSTAT framework for Entrepreneurship indicators 2008
Entrepreneurship Determinants Themes
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• Access to debt financing• Business Angels• Access to Venture Capital • Access to other types of equity• Tax incentives• Bankruptcy Legislation
Access to finance and income generation: Cultural Business Modeling
Access to Venture Capital
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• Weaknesses in business skills, training and experience of entrepreneurs
• Traditional Business Education does not fit
• Entrepreneurship Education (skills)
• Entrepreneurship Infrastructure (Public and Private)
Lack of Entrepreneurial capabilities
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Risk attitude in society•Micro businesses: Artisan, Creative Partnership or Solo• Small-business: • Designer and Business Partner• Designer and Licensing Partner• Designer and Manufacturer• Partnership with a formal Investor
• SMEs and the Financial Sector
Entrepreneurial Culture
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• Administrative Burdens (entry and growth)
• Safety, health, environment and product regulation
• Labour Market Regulation
• Social and Health Security
• Income Taxes
• Business Taxes and Fiscal Incentives
Regulatory framework
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30 June 2011 rene kooyman
IRELAND SME PERFORMANCE REVIEW 2008
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SUPPORT• Coordinated support shared by several
Ministries: Culture, Economic Affairs, Education, Labour)
• Recognition of the specific characteristics CCIs: specific support when needed. A general approach will not suffice
• Bridging the entrepreneurial skills gap: provide training
Three specific dimensions:• Urban Area development: integrate CCIs in urban
renewal, create breeding places, networks• The Economical approach: job creation• The social-cultural approach: active and
receptive cultural participation, support festivals, exhibitions, art routes, art education
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UU / HKU
Rene KOOYMANDublin30 June 2011