Tema 1 El mantenimiento de la vida
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Transcript of Tema 1 El mantenimiento de la vida
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THE BASICS OF THE BASICS OF LIFELIFE
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The vital functions of living beings
● Nutrition function. Living beings obtain the matter and energy necessary to sustain.
● Interaction function. Living beings relate whith their surrounding environment through this function.
● Reproduction function. Individual living beings are produced. This ensures the perpetuation of the species.
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Chemical composition of living beings
● All living beings are made of cells.
● Cells are composed of biomolecules.
● Biomolecules are composed of chemical elements called biolements.
● The major bioelements are carbon (C), hy-drogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S).
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Inorganic biomolecules
● They are in organic living matter and also in inert matter. They are:
● Water● Mineral salts
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Organic biomolecules
● They are called so because they are unique in living beings. They are:
● Carbohydrates● Lipids● Proteins● Nucleic acids
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● The cell is the structural unit of living beings.
● The cell is the functional unit of living beings.
● Every cell comes from another cell.
Cell theory
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The cell structure
● Plasma membrane: Is the thin layer which separates the inside of the cell from its surrounding environment
● Citoplasm: It is a gelatinous and semi-transparent fluid which fills most cells.
● Genetic material: It is a substance which controls and regulates the functioning of the cell
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Prokaryotic cells
Cells that have the genetic materials lost in the cytoplasm
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Eucaryotic cells
Cells whose genetic material is enclosed in the nucleus. .
They are eucaryotic animal and plant cells.
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Animal cells
● They are typical of protozoa, fungi and ani-mals.
● They do not have chloroplasts, or cell wall and the vacuoles are more abundant and smaller than plant cells.
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Plant cells
● They are present in algae and plants.
● They have cell wall, chloroplasts and vacuoles are not numerous and large.
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Cellular nutrition
● Autotrophic nutrition
● Heterotrophic nutrition
It consists of all the processes in which cell obtain ma-tter and energy to perfom vital functions.There are two types of nutrition:
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Autotrophic nutrition
● It is characteristic of cells which use an energy source to make their own organic matter from inorganic matter.
● Autrotophic nutrition take place in plant and algae cells
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Heterotrophic nutrition
● It is characteristic of cells which feed on orga-nic matter produced by other living beins.
● Heterotrophic nutrition take place in the cells of animals , fungi, protozoa and many bacteria.