Teleostei ‘perfect bone’ fishes

Speciose : ~ 24,000 spp.38 Orders; 426 Families4 major subdivisions (Chapter 14; Helfman et al. 1997; p.222 and 223; Course Pack pp.21 & 23)

Osteoglossomorpha

Elopomorpha

Clupeomorpha

Euteleostei

(D)Teleostei

Taxonomy– Class – Division Teleostei– Subdivision Euteleostei– Superorder Elopomorpha– Order Anguilliformes– Family Anguillidae– Genus– Species

American eel

Speciose : ~ 24,000 spp.38 Orders; 426 FamiliesSuccess in part depends on 5 trends

1. Bone Reduction:

- skull, tail, vertebrae, jaw, fin rays, scales

2. Changes in position and use of dorsal fin

3. Placement and function of paired fins

Teleostei

4. Modifications to caudal fin and gas bladder

5. Jaw Modifications- expansion, protrusion, suction

- musculature and dentition of pharyngeal jaws

Teleostei

(SD) Osteoglossomorpha

Osteoglossidae

Bony tongues

Osteoglossomorpha

Pantodontidae

Butterfly fish

Osteoglossomorpha

Notopteridae

African knifefishes

Osteoglossomorpha

Mormyridae

Elephantnose fishes

(SD) Elopomorpha leptocephalus larvae

Anguilliformes: Anguillidae anguill = eel (L)freshwater eels

Muraenidaemuraen = eel (L)moray eels

Elopomorpha

Anguilliformes:

Elopomorpha

Ophicthiidaeophi = snake (G)snake and worm eels

Congridaecong/conger = eel (L)conger eels

Elopomorpha

SSaccopharyngiformes: Eurypharyngidae

Eury = wide (G); pharyng = throat (G)GulpersPelican Eels

(SD)Elopomorpha

Elopiformes:

Elopidae

Megalopidaemega = large (G); lopi = scale (G)

Lady fishes; tenpounders

Tarpon

(SD)Clupeomorpha

Clupeiformes: Clupeidae herringsclupe = shield, a river fish (L)Engraulidae anchoviesengraul = a small fish (G)

Commercially important fisheries

Otophysic connection

Otophysic connection

92%92% of Families,of Families, 95%95% of species ofof species of TeleosteiTeleostei Many possess: adipose fin, breeding Many possess: adipose fin, breeding tuberclestubercles

(SD)Euteleostei

(SO)Ostariophysi1. Weberian Ossicles:

anterior vertebrae and ribs modified to connect gas bladder to inner ear

2. Schreckstoff: alarm substance andreaction

the ‘true’ teleosts

Cypriniformes:

Cyprinidaelargest freshwater family; 2nd largest of any family

(SO)Ostariophysi

minnows,carps

Cypriniformes: Cypriniformes:

CatostomidaeCato = downward (G); stom = mouth (G)

Ostariophysi

suckerssuckers

loachesCobitidae

Characiformes:

CharacidaeCharacidae

Gasteropelecidaegastero = stomach (G); pelec = hatchet (G)

Ostariophysi

CharacinsPiranhas and Tetras Africa and S. America

freshwater hatchetfishes

OstariophysiSiluriformes:

AriidaeAri = very much, warlike (G)

AspredinidaeAspred = roughness, a rough plate (L) banjo catfishes; tubercles

ClariidaeClari = clear (G)airbreathing catfishes

sea catfishes

Ostariophysi

Siluriformes:

Ictaluridae

Loricariidaeclothed in metal, armor (L)

North American catfishes

armored catfishes

OstariophysiSiluriformes: Siluriformes: MochokidaeMochokidaeupside-down catfishes

PimelodidaePimelodidaelong-whiskered catfishes TrichomycteridaeTrichomycteridaetricho = hair (G); mycter = nose (G)tricho = hair (G); mycter = nose (G)parasitic catfishes

Ostariophysi

Gymnotiformes: Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidaegymno = naked (G)

knifefishes

production and reception of weakelectrical impulses

(SO)Protacanthopterygii (prot= first, acanth = spine, pter = fin)

Esociformes Esocidae

Pikes and pickerels

ProtacanthopterygiiSalmoniformes Salmonidae