Telecoms & IT For Rural Development By DR T.H. CHOWDARY Director: Center for Telecom Management and...
-
Upload
denis-parsons -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
5
Transcript of Telecoms & IT For Rural Development By DR T.H. CHOWDARY Director: Center for Telecom Management and...
Telecoms & IT For
Rural Development By
DR T.H. CHOWDARYDirector: Center for Telecom Management and Studies
Fellow: Tata Consultancy ServicesChairman: Pragna Bharati (intellect India )Former: Chairman & Managing Director
Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited &Information Technology Advisor,
Government of Andhra PradeshT: +91(40) 6667-1191(O) 2784-6137& 2784-3121®
F: +91 (40) 6667-1111 [email protected]
Talk @ NIRD, HYD: 15 Dec 2012
THC_CTMS 1S682_Dec2012
S682_Dec2012 2
Vision to inspire & Realise the Potential of Inventions/Discoveries
• We will produce electricity so cheap that only the rich can afford to burn candles”
- Thomas Alva Edison: 1878• Ghar Ghar mein radio• Gaon Gaon mein telephone - 1978 (A radio in every home; a telephone in every villageWe will make telephoning cheaper than a post card) - Dr T.H.CHOWDARY - 1994
Haath Haath mein telephoneGaon Gaon mein Internet
(A telephone in everyone’s hand: an Internet kiosk in every village)-Dr T.H.CHOWDARY – 1997
to bridge the digital divide.
THC_CTMS
IT for the Masses
Electric bulb by Thomas Alva Edison Inexpensive to be affordable by masses to enhance working time, motors, machines.Ford's Model “T” production belt car affordable to many revolutionised personal transportSteam engine on rails - A new transportation systemThe printing Press in the year 1439 by Gutenberg Dissemination of knowledge Libraries to bridge the knowledge divide
THC_CTMS 3S682_Dec2012
S682_Dec2012 4
Masses & Classes
• Masses:– Uneducated or less educated – Rural People– Urban Labouring (manual) people
• Classes– Educated, well-salaried– Businessmen– Professionals (knowledge workers)– Ruling Circles (Politicians), govt officials,
industrialists, Bankers– Security & Defence people
THC_CTMS
IT for the Masses
Knowledge, the empowerer Education, the Leveller of inequality How masses & not the elite only benefit – S&T
dissemination
• Knowledge will forever govern ignorance and people who mean to be their own governors must arm themselves with the power which knowledge gives
– James Madison
(Inscription at the entrance to the Library of Congress
THC_CTMS 5S682_Dec2012
THC_CTMS S682_Dec2012 6
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Sour
ce: A
ngus
Mad
diso
n; J
.P.M
orga
n
World GDP per Person, 1000=100
S & T for Wealth Creation
THC_CTMS S682_Dec2012 7
World Population and the Poor
Year Population % of the Poor1820 1.1 billion 85%1980 5 billion 30%2000 6 billion 20%2007 6.5 bln 18%2012 70 bln 15%
THC_CTMS S682_Dec2012 8
ICT Technology
Dematerialisation of information – Electronification, digitisation, paketisation, Compression, storage,(solid state devices –
CDs, Pen drives, Memory, Web-sites Transportation Telecom Networks Optical fibers Microwave Radio- Terrestrial, Satellite Internet
S682_Dec2012 9
ICTs Comprise of
• (Obsolete): Telegraph, telex, Fax?• Current: Telephones (mobiles: 3.5 bln & fixed phones 1.5 bln)
– PCs; Laptops; Internet– GPS.GIS; TV [Over the air & cable]– Radio [digital, FM]– LANs, WANs, MANs,-Wifi; WiMAX– Email – Optical Fiber Cable [undersea & underground]– Microwave Radio: Satellite & Terrestrial
THC_CTMS
Affordability of Electronic Devices:Ratio of Price of Device to Per Capita Income
in India
1951 1974 1994 2007 2010
Radio 2 0.5 0.02 0.005 0.005
TV Set NA 1.9 1.2 0.37 0.25Year's Telephone Service 2.5 1 1 0.12 0.08
PC 6 0.75 0.4
THC_CTMS 10S682_Dec2012
S682_Dec2012 11
Urbanisation & Development
Rural Population Developed Developing
( 5 to 10)% (50 to 70)%
• Contribution of
Agriculture to GDP < 5% (20 to 50)%*• % Labour engaged
in Agri-related work < 5% upto 60 *15% in China and 18% in India
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 12
Urban/Rural Incomes in India
• 70% of population is Rural; 65% of workforce in Agriculture
• Contribution of Ag to GDP-(28% in 9th plan)• PCI of Rural people $ 300 (Rs. 16,500) • PCI of Urban people $ 2400 (Rs. 1,30,000)• What a disparity?• In China disparity is even more • Economic Development –Moral Consequences
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 13
The Various Divides
• Urban-Rural• The Rich-Poor• Educated-Illiterate• Landed-Landless• Protected Water; Houses; Electricity • Telephone - (the Missing Link)
• The Digital Divide
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 14
In the Information/Knowledge-Intensive Age &Societies
• Information is power• Extended markets/global reach
vendors/traders/consumers• Marketisation of all activity• Less transaction costs• Work from anywhere over Telecoms• Illiterate, but industrious masses are also
voters, skilled & producers of value
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 15
Reaching the Rural Areas
Connectivity: • Capital cost of Road: $ 300/600,000 per km.• Optical Fiber or
Photonic highways : $ 6000/ 10,000 per km.
50 times cheaper to connect photonically• 35000 towns connected by broad band OF system• 98% of 650,000 villages telephoned
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 16
Telecom Connectivity (1)
• Technology and Competition brought down costs by over 80% and prices nearly by 90%
• Rural demand for telephones exceeding urban demand • First phones people have are mobiles • Wireless deployed for last kilometer connectivity• Cable TV allowed for broad band
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 17
Telecom Connectivity (2)
• Spend on phone is less than 8% of per capita income (compared to 250% in 1951, and equal in 1994 ) it has to come down to less than 5% to be on par with developed countries
• 90% of telephones are mobiles • 90% of mobiles are pre-paid – control over spend• Hardly any growth in fixed phones; • Growth in mobile phones – 15 mln/month• WiFi and WiMax being deployed
THC_CTMS
THC_CTMS S682_Dec2012 18
PCI
AX TSP
Time
(a) Affordability
A PCI/ Tele-Service Price- PCI: Per Capita Income- TSP: Telephone Service Price- A: Affordability
Bring down price to increase affordability
S682_Dec2012 19
Applications of IT e-governance e-commerce e-banking e-mail e-libraries e-tendering e-registrations e-land records e-learning e-public opinion polls e-balloting e-examinations e-rail reservations e-ticketing
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 20
Applications of IT e-seva
e-Bill payments e-money transfers e-share trading e-causelists in Courts e-whistle blowing e-town-halls e-advocacy Video conferencing Govt at peoples doorsteps e-transparency Central Vigilance Commissioner
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 21
ICTs have Accomplished (1)
• Death of distance [Earth is Flat by Thomas Friedman]
• Postalisation of tariffs• Democratisation of knowledge [www &
Internet]• Prospect of Participatory [and not
representative] democracy (as in Athens in ancient times)
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 22
ICTs have Accomplished (2)
• Empowerment of even the small man to influence govt. [Chief Minister face to face with people]
• Getting govt to account – Transparency [govt at the door step of people]
• Masses, rural folks, artisans, women drawn into economic activity – DWACRA – global markets for folk works.
THC_CTMS
THC_CTMS S682_Dec2012 23
Exploitation of ICTs
Survival/Thriving of the fitted Education/skills Digital divide Inequality if all are not enabled to use ICTs If driving is not learnt what is the use of the car Removal complexity from interfaces devices Compute education for all – class VI onwards “Reskilling” the elders like adult education
THC_CTMS S682_Dec2012 24
Internet
Network of networks of information, globally interconnected.
Accessible not only from PCs, laptops, palm-helds, cell phones, wirelessly ( riding on roads, sailing on seas, flying across space)
3.5bln. or 50% of the world’s population has access to Internet
67% of world population has cell phones; many can access Internet
S682_Dec2012 25
ICTs for Farmers (1) Coromandel Fertilisers – “Outreach”
• Regd. Sugarcane farmers• Centered around Sugarcane Command Area in
Nellikuppam Cuddalore Dist.• Information from Franchised kiosks (Parry’s Corners)• India Agriline Farmer’s Forum• Comprehensive Farming Services• Covers paddy also since 2002• Nagarjuna Fertilisers• EID Parry & Coromandel Fertilisers
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 26
ICTs for Farmers & Fishermen (2)
• Nellikuppam / Pondicherry -
EID Parry / Coromandel Fertilizers; and Nagarjuna Fertilizers, Services to Agriculturists
• Kerala Fishermen’s use of cell phones
• GPS & Remote Sensing guides Fishermen where to fish & unload the catch
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 27
ICTs for Farmers (3) ITC’s e-Chaupals
• Procurement of soya-beans directly from the farmer • 6,500 chaupals in 8 States, serving 40,000 villages in MP,
Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh & Utteranchal & under extension to 11 more States
• 1000 chaupals connected by V-Sats; rest wireline • ITC invested Rs.460 mil ( US $ 12 ml.) • The chaupal is operated by a trusted, selected farmer
instructed, in operation of the PC with a modem, V-Sat with a solar panel and a battery backup
• Growth & procurement of soybeans, coffee, wheat, rice, pulses, shirmp
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 28
ICTs for Farmers ITC’s e-Chaupals
• For ITC 2% saving; the Sanchalak gets 0.5% of sales
• All information in the local language in the company’s website in Bangalore ITC Infotech
• In AP of the 175 chaupals 100 relate to tobacco and 75 to acqua ( shrimp) concern
• Now collaborating with govts to deliver other services [eg.e-sevas in AP; micro credit, insurance, health & education]
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 29
ICTs for Rural Populace
• Education: Computer skill integral to literacy/ education for all (AP, KN,TN…)
• Extend Internet to all villages. Upgrade public telephones into Internet Kiosks
• Educated & trained attendant
• Deliver G2C; B2C services
• Andhra Pradesh project: 5000 villagesTHC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 30
ICTs for Women
• DWCRA groups in Andhra Pradesh
• About 350,000 cell phones for the groups
• Product advertisement & market creation Websites (Toys, knit wear, lace curtains, ornaments, painting…)
• Tele-education.
• E-cash tranfersTHC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 31
Internet & E-Seva into Villages (AP)
• Upgrade STD/ISD VPTs into Public Internet Kiosks Rs. 50,000/- per kiosk ($120)
• Rural Service Delivery Points
• e-sevas available in almost all towns available
• Land Records, Property taxes; B & D certificates
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 32
Work taken to Villages: GramIT
• While US, EU, Oceania outsource to Hyderabad, Hyderabad out-sources to villages.
• Satyam Computers & Byraju Foundation• 200 Resident village graduates ( BA, B.Com,
B.Sc) trained in Ameringlish; imparted computer & Internet skills
• Satyam (Hyderabad HQ) outsourced its own internal work (pay-roll, accounting; travel; training; MIS
• Satisfied,work from abroad moved to villages
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 33
Work taken to Villages: GramIT (2)
• Broad-band telecom (optical fiber) 512 kbps extended from point of presence (POP) to work-site by PMP wireless
• Called Gram ITs, these offer transaction processing services (accounting, bulk mlng; records digitisation, reminder and follow-up and travel support).
• A whole Gram IT can be dedicated to a customer (like twinning of cities across continents; city [email protected] twinning)
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 34
Work taken to Villages: GramIT (3)
• Gram IT-team contributed part of profits for village development scheme designed by them – Independent and local initiative
• Rural Pressure group to demand and get quality infrastructure and services such as roads, retailing, education, health
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 35
Social Impact of Gram IT
• Reverse migration ( 5% within 6 months)
• Educated house-wives (lost resource) join work force (no travel)-20% now
• Un-married girls: better spouses
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 36
E M R I (1)(In the State of Andhra Pradesh )
• 502 ambulances stationed in 50 towns, in all the State’s Districts
• 80 mln people access EMRI through 108
• 100,000 emergencies attended & 20,000 lives saved in launch five years ago
• 95% of calls answered within 2 rings
• 16 mnts to reach a victim
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 37
E M R I (2)
• A Satyam computer funded Byraju Foundation launched, operated & maintained emergency health/medical service
• Depends upon wireless, computers & networks
• Agreements with hundreds of private & government hospitals
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 38
E M R I (3)
• Police & Doctors at the Central office in Hyderabad
• Accident & Disease mapping
• Govt “owns” & other govts want
• Example of corporate service to citizens with government co-operation
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 39
Forging the Missing Link
The attended public telephone (PT)
- Illiteracy no bar, because of educated attendant; self-employed, living by
commission
- 1.2 mil PTs in India (40% in villages; 60% in towns
- 30% of telephone revenues from PTs!
- Tele-density 75% in India 30% in Rural areas
- Yet No disability for any
- Broadband $ 4.0bln (Rs. 200 bln) nation optical fiber project to link
350,000 Panchayats
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 40
Universal Access Fund (UAF) & Provision (1)
• 5% of sales of all Telcos• UAF Administrator• Bids for provision
– Award Criterion - Lowest Annuity Payment
• Village PTs & Public Internet Kiosks • Radio Base stations (RBSs) to cover rural areas
funded by USF & allowed to be shared• Rural mobile phone coverage subsidised from
USF
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 41
Universal Access Fund (UAF) & Provision (2)
• Telephone/Internet in schools, Public Libraries,
Primary Health Centers
• IP/VOIP Telephony, Tele-medicine
• Private Philanthropy Foundations eg. Byrraju
Foundation, Hewlett Packard – Wipro, Intel
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 42
ICTs Everywhere & for every Purpose (1)
• Harvesters equipped to measure grain• Fertiliser application & sprayer (insecticide)
regulated• Water distribution & irrigation regulated (Israel)• Milk procurement, sugarcane delivered,
credit/payments computerised & networked• Counselling for admission & interviews for
appointments and job search from Internet kiosks
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 43
ICTs Everywhere & for every Purpose (2)
• In the words of the Bhagavad Gita (Song Celestial)
Sarvatah pani-padam tat Sarvato'ksi-siro-mukham Sarvatah shrutimal loke Sarvam avrtya tishthati (B.G. 13.13). [IT has its hands and feet everywhere, IT has its
eyes and face everywhere, IT enhances/illumines everywhere, IT sits pervading everything
THC_CTMS
S682_Dec2012 44
DHANYWAD:
THANK YOU
THC_CTMS