Telecommunication Services Engineering...
Transcript of Telecommunication Services Engineering...
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Roch H. Glitho1
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Layering in next generation networks
Services ( value-addedservices) also calledapplication / services
Roch H. Glitho2
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application / services
Services (Basic service) also called call/session
Transport (Below IP + IP + transport layer) also calledbearer
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Layering in next generation networks
Services
Infrastructural, application, middleware and baseware services
NGN
Roch H. Glitho3
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Resources
Servicecontrol functions
Transportcontrol functions
Servicemanagement functions
Transportmanagement functions
NGNservice
NGNtransport
Transfer functional area
Resources
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Layering in UMTS
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems)
- An example of 3G system:
- Evolution of GSM
- Use of WCDMA
- Largest footprint
- Another example of 3G system- Evolution of CDMA-One
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- Evolution of CDMA-One
- Use of WCDMA, but a version incompatible with UMTS
- Dwindling footprint
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Layering in UMTS
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems)
- UMTS transport:
- TCP
- IP
- Below IP
- WCDMA
- Bandwidth (Peak rate: single digit Mbits/s – usually lower than 2)
Roch H. Glitho5
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Layering in UMTS
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems)
- UMTS Service:
- IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
- Basic service (call / session or control layer)
- Value added services (value added service or service layer)
- Focus of this lecture: IMS
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
IMS
1. Overall view
2. Control layer
3. Service layer
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3. Service layer
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Overall view
1. General picture
2. Simplified picture
Roch H. Glitho8
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
General picture
C x
I P M u l t im e d ia N e tw o r k s
P S T N
M m
M b
L e g a c y m o b i le
s ig n a l l in g N e tw o r k s
C S C F
M w
B G C FM j
M i
B G C F
M k M k
C , D ,
G c , G r
M b P S T N
P S T N
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P - C S C F
C S C FM G C F H S S
C x
I M S -
M G WM n
M b
M g
M R F P
M b
M r
G o
P D F
M w
G mU E
M b
M b
M R F C
S L F
D x
M p
I M S u b s y s te m
A S
I S C
D h S h ,S i
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Simplified picture
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Another simplified picture
S - C S C F S - C S C F
S IP A p pli c a t io n S e rv e r
S IP A p pli c a t io n S e rv e r
H S S H S S O SA s erv ice
cap ab ilit y s erv er (SC S)
O SA s erv ice cap ab ilit y s erv er
(SC S)
O SA ap p licat io n
s erv er
O SA ap p licat io n
s erv er
IS C
C x IS C
S C IM
A S A S
S h
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(SC S) (SC S)
IM - S S F IM - S S F
C am el Serv i ce E n v iro n m en t
C am el Serv i ce E n v iro n m en t
s erv er s erv er C x IS C
IS C
C A P
M A P
O SA AP I S i
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Control layer
1. Functional entities
2. Protocols
3. Call cases
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Functional entities
Data bases (just one)
Home Subscriber Server (HSS)
- Evolution of the HLR
- All user related subscription data (e.g. profile)
- A network may contain one or several
- Subscriber Location Function (SLF) maps users to specific HSS
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HSS
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Functional entities
Control entities
Call Session Control Function (CSCF) “The switch”
Three types (May be collocated)
- Proxy CSCF
- Serving CSCF
- Interrogating CSCF
Roch H. Glitho14.
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Functional entities
Control entities
Proxy-CSCF:
- Location
Either visited network or home network
- First contact point in the IM network
- Outbound / In-bound SIP proxy (All requests from/to IMS terminals go through it)
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terminals go through it)
- Forward SIP requests in the appropriate direction (Terminals or IMS network)
- Several functions
- Security
- Generation of charging information
- Compression and un-compression of messages
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Functional entities
Control entities
Interrogating CSCF (I-CSCF):
SIP proxy located at the edge of an admnistrative domain
- Listed in the domain name server (DNS)
- There may be several in the same network for scalability reasons
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Functional entities
Control entities
Serving CSCF (S-CSCF):
Always located in home domain
SIP proxy + SIP registrar with possibility of performing session control
- Binding between IP address (terminal location) and user SIP address
- Interacts with application servers for value added service
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- Interacts with application servers for value added service purpose
- Translation services (Telephone number / Sip URIs)
- Routing
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Functional entities
Control entities
Media Resource Function (MRF)
- Source of media (media mixing, announcement playing)
- Two parts
Control part: MRFC
Media Part: MRFP
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Functional entities
Control entities
Media Gateway Function (MGF):Signaling conversion between PSTN/2G and IMS
Media Gateway (MG)Media conversion between PSTN/2G and IMS
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Protocols
Signalling
SIP with extensions
Interactions with HSS
AAA
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Protocols
Example of SIP extension for IMS
Reliability of Provisional Responses for SIP
PRACK Method
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Example of SIP extension for IMS
PRACK
- Bring more reliability by enabling the acknowledgement of provisional responses:
- Only final responses are acknowledged in standard SIP
- ACK for OK
- PRACK plays the same role as OK, but for provisional responses (e.g. 180 - ringing) except (100 – trying)
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Example of SIP extension for IMS
PRACK
- Essential features
- Normal SIP request with its own response (i.e. OK)
- Each provisional response is given a sequence number Rseq
- PRACK contains a header Rack to indicate the sequence of the provisional response being acknowledged
- Caller indicates if it supports or not PRACK
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- Both parties can indicates if it is required or not
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Example of SIP extension for IMS
PRACK
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• http://www.dialogic.com/webhelp/IMG1010/10.5.1/WebHelp/Description/SIP/SIP_PRACK_Call_Flows.htm
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Example of SIP extension for IMS
PRACK
Roch H. Glitho25
• http://www.dialogic.com/webhelp/IMG1010/10.5.1/WebHelp/Description/SIP/SIP_PRACK_Call_Flows.htm
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Example of SIP extension for IMS
PRACK
Roch H. Glitho26
• http://www.dialogic.com/webhelp/IMG1010/10.5.1/WebHelp/Description/SIP/SIP_PRACK_Call_Flows.htm
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Authentication, Authorization and Accounting
1. Informal definitions
2. AAA in Internet
3. AAA in IMS
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4. Call cses
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Informal definitions
• Authentication– Means of verifying that an entity is really what it claims to be
• Authorization
– Means of ensuring that en entity does only what it is allowed to do
Accounting
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• Accounting
– Means of keeping track of what an entity does for auditing, billing and other purposes
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
AAA in Internet
Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) protocol– RFC 2058, then 2138, 1997
– RFC 2865, 2000
• Possibility for a Network Access Server (NAS) to get authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA) services from a RADIUS server
• Client/server
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• Client/server
• Runs on top of UDP
• Example: Computer with a modem, connected to a NAS and NAS connected to a RADIUS server
» Very useful when there are several NAS
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
AAA in Internet
Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) protocol
• Issues
– Lack of scalability
– Lack of functionality (e.g. no possibility for unsolicited messages from RADIUS server to NAS)
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
AAA in Internet
Diameter– Addresses RADIUS shortcomings
• Scales
• More functionality
– Much more complex
• Base protocol, RFC 33588, 2003
– Basic commands (e.g. Re-Auth-Request, Re-Auth-Answer, Accounting-Request)
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Accounting-Request)
• Application protocols
– Extend the basic commands
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
AAA in IMS
• Interfaces
– Cx: I-CSCF / HSS and S-CSCF/HSS
– Dx: I-CSCF / SLF and S-CSCF / SLF
– Sh: HSS/SIP AS and HSS/OSA SCS
• Protocol
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• Protocol
– Diameter with IMS specific applications
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
IP Multimedia portion – Registration
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P - C S C F H S SI - C S C F
1 . R e g i s t e r
2 . R e g i s t e r
3 . C x - Q u e r y
U E
V i s i t e d N e t w o r k H o m e N e t w o r k
4 . C x - Q u e r y R e s p
5 . C x - S e l e c t - p u l l
6 . C x - S e l e c t - p u l l R e s p
7 . R e g i s t e r
8 . C x - p u t
S - C S C F
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1 0 . C x - P u l l
1 1 . C x - P u l l R e s p
1 3 . 2 0 0 O K
1 4 . 2 0 0 O K1 5 . 2 0 0 O K
9 . C x - p u t R e s p
1 2 . S e r v i c e C o n t r o l
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
IP Multimedia portion – Un-Registration
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P-CSCF HSSI-CSCFUE
Visited Network Home Network
1. REGISTER
2. REGISTER
3. Cx-Query
S-CSCF
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4. Cx-Query-Resp
5. REGISTER
9. 200 OK
10. 200 OK
11. 200 OK
7. Cx -Put
8. Cx -Put Resp
6. Service Control
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Use of Megaco / H.248
– Interworking 3G/2G
• MGF
• MG
– Conferencing
• MRFC
• MRFP
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Service layer
1. Functional entities
2. Protocols
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Functional entities
Application server (AS)
Host services and execute services
Communicate with control layer using SIP (i.e. ISC interface)
Two types
SIP AS:
Open Service Architecture – Service Capability Server
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Open Service Architecture – Service Capability Server (OSA/SCS)
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Functional entities
S - C S C F S - C S C F
S IP A p pli c a t io n S e rv e r
S IP A p pli c a t io n S e rv e r
H S S H S S O SA s erv ice
cap ab ilit y s erv er (SC S)
O SA s erv ice cap ab ilit y s erv er
(SC S)
O SA ap p licat io n
s erv er
O SA ap p licat io n
s erv er
IS C
C x IS C
S C IM
A S A S
S h
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(SC S) (SC S)
IM - S S F IM - S S F
C am el Serv i ce E n v iro n m en t
C am el Serv i ce E n v iro n m en t
s erv er s erv er C x IS C
IS C
C A P
M A P
O SA AP I S i
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Functional entities
SIP AS
SIP servlets technology
Open Service Architecture – Service Capability Server (OSA/SCS)
Parlay / OSA technology
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Parlay / OSA technology
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
Protocols
ISC
SIP + extensions
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Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab
References
3GPP• K. Knightson, N. Morita and T. Towle, NGN Architecture: General Principles, Functional
Architecture and Implementation, IEEE Communications Magazine , October 2005, Vol.43, No10
• G. Camarillo and M. Garcia-Martin, The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem, Wiley, 2004 , Part II
• M. Toy, H. Stuttgen and M. Ulema, guest editors, IP Multimedia Subsystems (IMS), IEEE Communications Magazine special issue, March 2007
• M. Toy, H. Stuttgen and M. Ulema, guest editors, IP Multimedia Subsystems (IMS), IEEE Communications Magazine special issue, July 2007
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