TEL INTEGRATED MULTIPURPOSE PROJECT, ODISHA...Tel Integrated Multipurpose Project Feasibility Report...

TEL INTEGRATEDMULTIPURPOSE PROJECT,

ODISHA

GOVERNMENT OF ODISHAWATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

WAPCOS LIMITED(International Consultant in water Resources

Power and Infrastructure, Development)76-C, Sector – 18, Institutional Area, Gurgaon,Haryana, India, Tele-fax : + 91-124-2399427

E-mail: [email protected]

Feasibility Report

CONTENTS

TEL INTEGRATED MULTIPURPOSE PROJECTCONTENTS

Brief Summary

Salient Features

Chapter- 1 Introduction

Chapter- 2 Physical Features

Chapter- 3 Interstate Aspects

Chapter- 4 Survey & Investigations

Chapter- 5 Project Hydrology

Chapter- 6 Design Features

Chapter- 7 Irrigation Planning

Chapter- 8 Command Area

Chapter- 9 Hydrogeology

Chapter- 10 Reservoir Simulation Studies

Chapter- 11 Power Potential Studies

Chapter- 12 Environment, Ecology & Forest Aspects

Chapter- 13 Cost Estimate

Chapter- 14 Economic Benefits & Justification

1

Brief Summary of Tel Integrated Multipurpose project

The proposed project is envisaged to create irrigation and Hydro-power development. It is

proposed to construct a dam across river Tel, a tributary of Mahanadi at a location with

longitude 82019’32’’ E and latitude 19049’24’’N and about 2 Km upstream (along the course of

river) of the interstate border of Orissa with Chhattisgarh. The FRL of the dam is proposed at

RL 500m with maximum height of dam is proposed to be 87m to have water spread area of

1330 ha. The generation of hydro-power at two power stations located on the right side of the

Tel River near village Phatki in Orissa territory will be done by connecting a Head Race Tunnel

(diameter 2.5 m and 270 m long) from Tel dam. The barrage at Phatki of length 79m and

height 5.4 m with Full Pond Level 325.1 m across Phatki Nallah, a tributary of Tel River. A

main canal of length 23.395 km will take off from the Barrage at Phatki with FSL 324.5 m and

it will cross over the Banjari Nallah through an aqueduct. The CCA of the project is 4025.329

ha beyond Banjari Nallah, and 5878.132 ha between Phatki and Banjari Nallah . Thus, a total

command area of 9903 ha will be served by Tel irrigation Project. Apart from this,

stabilization of 2000 ha command area of Phuljhari weir across Banjari Nallah will also be

done through this irrigation scheme. In addition, 18 MW of power will also be generated. The

total land required for acquisition is 1636.6 ha, of which private land is 150.0 ha , forest land

is 637.6 ha and 849.0 ha of Govt Land. The total estimated cost of the project including

direct and indirect changes is Rs. 1749.20 crores.

SALIENT FEATURES

Tel Integrated Multipurpose Project Feasibility Report

WAPCOS Limited76-C, Sector-18, Gurgaon -i-Haryana –122015

TEL INTEGRATED MULTIPURPOSE PROJECT

SALIENT FEATURES

1 – TEL DAM1.1 LOCATION

(a) State Orissa

(b) District Nabarangpur

(c) (i) Latitude 19° 49' 24”

(d) (ii) Longitude 82° 19' 32”

(e) River Tel

(f) LocationDam Site Near Village Karlaparah inNabarangpur District

(g) Topsheet 65-I/5, 65-I/9

1.2 HYDROLOGY

(a) Catchment Area(Sq Km) 480

(b) Maximum Annual Rainfall(mm) 2021

(c) Minimum Annual Rainfall(mm) 924

(d) Mean Annual Rainfall(mm) 1461

(e) 75% Dependable Rainfall of

(i) Catchment (mm) 1277

(ii) Ayacut (mm) 1457.2

(f)Maximum Design Flood Discharge(Cumecs)

5000

1.3 RESERVOIR

(a) Dead Storage Capacity (MCM.) 20

(b) Gross Storage Capacity (MCM.) 238.76

(c) Dead Storage Level(DSL)(m) 465

(d) Full Reservoir Level(FRL)(m) 500

1.4 RUNOFF AT THE DAM SITE

(a) At 50% dependability( MCM) 199

(b) At 75% dependability( MCM) 131

(c) At 90% dependability( MCM) 81

1.5 HEAD WORKS

A. Main Dam




SALIENT FEATURES


(a) State Orissa


(c) (i) Latitude 19° 49' 24”


(e) River Tel



1.2 HYDROLOGY









5000

1.3 RESERVOIR









1.5 HEAD WORKS

A. Main Dam




SALIENT FEATURES


(a) State Orissa


(c) (i) Latitude 19° 49' 24”


(e) River Tel



1.2 HYDROLOGY









5000

1.3 RESERVOIR









1.5 HEAD WORKS

A. Main Dam


WAPCOS Limited76-C, Sector-18, Gurgaon -ii-Haryana –122015

(a) Type Rockfill Dam

(b) Average Height of Dam (m) 87

(c) Top Width of Dam(m) 10

(d) Slope

U/s 2.5:1 to 3:1

D/s 2:1 to 2.75:1

(e) Length of Rockfill Dam(m) 3810

(f) Top Bank Level (TBL) (m) 505

B. Spillway

(a) Type Ogee spillway

(b) Length of Spillway(m) 132

(c) Average height of spillway(m) 47

(d) Crest level of Spillway(m) 492

PH - I

(a) No. & Size of units to be installed 2 x 4 MW

(b) Design Discharge 13.6 cumecs

(c) Type of turbine Francis

(d) Installed capacity 8 MW

(e) Design Head (m) 66

(f)Energy Generation in 50% dependableyear

20.85 MU

PH - II





(e) Design Head (m) 82.8


21.66 MU

2- BARRAGE AT PHATKI

2.1 LOCATION

(a) State Orissa


(c) (i) Latitude 19° 51' 41”






(d) Slope

U/s 2.5:1 to 3:1

D/s 2:1 to 2.75:1



B. Spillway





PH - I







20.85 MU

PH - II







21.66 MU


2.1 LOCATION

(a) State Orissa


(c) (i) Latitude 19° 51' 41”






(d) Slope

U/s 2.5:1 to 3:1

D/s 2:1 to 2.75:1



B. Spillway





PH - I







20.85 MU

PH - II







21.66 MU


2.1 LOCATION

(a) State Orissa


(c) (i) Latitude 19° 51' 41”


WAPCOS Limited76-C, Sector-18, Gurgaon -iii-Haryana –122015


(e) River Pipaljore Nallah

(f) LocationAt Phatki Village in NabarangpurDistrict


2.2 HYDROLOGY


(b) Maximum Monsoon Rainfall(mm) 1798



(e) Maximum Design Flood Discharge 166

2.3 RUNOFF AT THE SITE

(a) At 50% dependability( MCM) 8.3

(b) At 75% dependability( MCM) 5.5

(c) At 90% dependability( MCM) 3.4

2.4 HEAD WORKS

(a) Length of Barrage (m) 79

(b) Height of Barrage (m) 5.4

(c) Full Pond Level (m) 325.1

(d) Maximum Water Level (m) 328.1

(e)Maximum height of crest above deepest

foundation (m)2.5

(f)Type of Energy dissipation arrangement Discharge being very small, no

specific dissipation device required

(g) Guide bunds/ afflux bunds

(g.1) Length 95

(g.2) Top Level 329.1

(h) Head Regulator (ONE)

(h.1) Total Length (m) 49.45

(h.2) Height above deepest foundation (m) 8.4

(h.3) Length of Bay (m) 5

(h.4) Sill Level (m) 324.2

(h.5) No. of Gates One







2.2 HYDROLOGY










2.4 HEAD WORKS






foundation (m)2.5




(g.1) Length 95














2.2 HYDROLOGY










2.4 HEAD WORKS






foundation (m)2.5




(g.1) Length 95









WAPCOS Limited76-C, Sector-18, Gurgaon -iv-Haryana –122015

(h.6) Types of Gates Vertical

(h.7) Size of Gates 5.4 m x 1.4 m

2.5 DISTRIBUTION

(a) Gross Commandable Area (GCA) (Ha.) 15474.157

(b) Culturable Command Area (CCA) (Ha.) 9903.46

(c) Percentage of GCA to CCA (%) 64%

(d) Intensity of Irrigation (Kharif) (%) 86.2%

(e) Intensity of Irrigation (Rabi) (%) 60.1%

(f) Area irrigated during Kharif (Ha.) 7680

(g) Area irrigated during Rabi (Ha.) 5360

(f) Annual Irrigation (Ha.) 13040

7. ESTIMATE OF COST

Unit I – Civil Works(a) Direct Charges 1555.55 Crores

(b) Indirect Charges 14.89 Crores

(c) Total Civil Works 1570.45 Crores

Unit – II Main Canal, Branch & Distribution System(a) Direct Charges 132.41 Crores



Unit – III Electro-Mechanical Works(a) TOTAL COST 45 Crores

TOTAL COST OF THE PROJECT 1749.20 CroresB/C Ratio 1.14

FIRR 9.18%

EIRR 10.88%





2.5 DISTRIBUTION









7. ESTIMATE OF COST









FIRR 9.18%

EIRR 10.88%





2.5 DISTRIBUTION









7. ESTIMATE OF COST









FIRR 9.18%

EIRR 10.88%

CHAPTER-1

Introduction


WAPCOS Limited76-C, Sector-18, Gurgaon 1 - 1Haryana –122015

CHAPTER - 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Odisha is situated in the east coastal region of the country. Its geographical area is

almost 4.74% of India and its population is 36.7 million (2001census), about 3.57 per

cent of India’s population. Agriculture remains the backbone of the economy as more

than 80 per cent of the workforce is engaged here. Development of irrigated

agriculture has played a major role in the economic growth and poverty alleviation

through successive plan periods.

Agro-climatic conditions have a great deal of diversity. The standard classification of

the state in terms of agro-climatic zones is four-fold: (i) Coastal Plains; (ii) Central

Table Land; iii) Northern Plateau and iv) The Eastern Ghats. Regional geographers,

however, simplify this further and speak in terms of two agro-climatic regions: Odisha

Coastal region (part of the upper Eastern Coastal Plains) and Odisha Highland

Region.

The catchment area falls in Odisha Highland Region, which is rugged, and having

undulating topography and the aboriginal races (Bhuinyas and the Gonds were the

main inhabitants of this forest-clad region).

As the catchment region is delineated by features (as explained briefly in above paras)

responsible in formulation of Tel Integrated Project, the state government of Odisha

has undertaken through WAPCOS, the preparation of Feasibility cum Detailed Project

Report for Irrigation and Hydro-power development.

Since, Irrigation is considered the basic means for improvement in agriculture the

implementation of this project leads to improvement in rural economy and the quality

of life of the people including tribal population.

1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

Tel Integrated Project is aimed to construct/generate

a) Dam of length 3682 m across Tel River, a tributary of river Mahanadi at a location

of 2 Km upstream of interstate border of Chhattisgarh and Odisha with a catchment



area of 480 Sq. Km. The FRL of the dam is 500 m with Maximum height of the

dam to be 87 m to have water spread area of 1330 ha.

b) Generation of Hydro-power at power station located on the right side of the Tel

river near village Phatki in Odisha territory by connecting an HRT of length about

1.35 Km from Tel dam.

c) Barrage at Phatki of length 79 m and height 5.4 m with FSL 325 m across Phatki

Nallah, a tributary of Tel River.

d) A main canal of length 23.395 Km will take off from the Barrage at Phatki with

FSL 324.5 m and it will cross over the Banjari Nallah through an aqueduct.

e) A feeder canal is proposed to take off from the main canal before crossing the

Banjari Nallah to augment the flow of Phuljhari diversion weir across Banjari

Nallah so as to serve the command of existing Phuljhari minor irrigation project.

The main canal after crossing Banjari Nallah through an aqueduct is also proposed

to irrigate the command area lying on the right hand side of Banjari Nallah. Apart

from this, the main canal, in the reach between Phatki barrage and Banjari Nallah,

will also irrigate the command area lying between these two nallah (i.e., Phatki and

Banjari Nallah).

f) The breakup of command area which is proposed to be covered by proposed Tel

irrigation project is as under.

i. CCA of 4025.329 ha beyond Banjari Nallah

ii. CCA of 5878.132 ha between Phatki and Banjari Nallah

Apart from this, stabilization of 2000 ha command area of Phuljhari weir across

Banjari Nallah will also be done through this irrigation scheme. As such, a total

command area of 9903 ha will be served by Tel irrigation project apart from

generating power of 18 MW (Design Energy 27.42 MU).

1.3 HISTORY AND BACKGROUND

The state is blessed with abundant water resources & extensive network of rivers &

streams. For effective utilization & management of water resources, river basin plans

for all the eleven river basins of the state have been prepared and steps are being taken

to set up River Basin Organization.



Irrigation is the main input of Agriculture without which Agriculture cannot sustain its

full growth. Irrigation Development not only correlates to Agriculture but also to

other Socio-Economic aspects like industry, navigation, hydropower, pisciculture,

water supply etc. With this objective, top priority has all along been given in Five-

Year Plans for irrigation development. During pre-plan period, 1.83 lakh hectare of

irrigation potential was created. Attempts have been made to achieve irrigation

development in planned manner by implementing different schemes such as AIBP,

RIDE, BKVY, RR&R, Bharat Nirman & RLTAP etc. By the end of March-2006,

21.59lakh hectare of irrigation potential has been created using surface & ground

water.

1. Irrigation potential created is about 1.45 lakh ha with 61,799 PLIPs.

1.3.1 Water Resources at a Glance

1. Net irrigation potential 2603.06 thousand ha (44.12% of total irrigable area)

2. Ground water resources 2101128 hectare.mtr

3. Utilized 14.79%

4. Major/ medium flow irrigation 122071thou.ha

5. Lift irrigation (minor) 347.39thou. ha

6. Flow irrigation (Minor) 454.49 thou.ha

7. Others 570.47 thou.ha

1.3.2 Initiatives by Govt. of Odisha

a) Biju Krushka Vikash Yojana (BKVY)

The scheme was launched by the State Government in the year 2001 with an objective

to revive derelict projects and construction of new minor & irrigation projects through

people’s participation. As per the scheme, the beneficiaries will contribute 10% of the

capital cost of the project in schedule area & 20% of the capital cost in non- schedule

areas. After completion of the project, the operation & maintenance will be entirely

controlled by the beneficiaries and are exempted from payment of water tax to

Government.



b) Pani Panchayat

Adopting reform measures in irrigation sectors, participatory irrigation management

(Pani Panchayat) programme has been taken up in mission mode approach and

extended to all command area under major, medium and minor (Flow & lift) irrigation

sector. Legal status has been provided to Pani Panchayat by enacting Pani Panchayat

Act, 2002 & Pani Panchayat Rule, 2003.

Keeping in view such schemes (as mentioned above), the Govt. of Odisha has

undertaken to construct a Dam across Tel river and Four Bay Diversion Dam/Barrage

across its tributaries which facilitates Irrigation and Power Generation thereby

improving the living standards of the people (especially farmers) surviving in and

around the project area.

1.4 LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY

Location:

Sl.

No.

Name of

Project

Latitude Longitude

1. Tel Dam 19049’24”N 82019’32”E

2. Banjari Barrage 19049’0”N 82029’0”E

Accessibility:

The project is well connected by road, rail and air. Jeypore is the nearest railway

station which is about 95 Km from the location of the project.

1.5 CLIMATE

1.5.1 Rainfall

The project catchment lies in the western side of Eastern Ghat and has a highly rugged

topography bounded by ridges kondhan hills whose elevation varies from 90 to 1350

meters with highest peak named Galigonda at about 1630 meters. The catchment is

affected by south west monsoon from June to October when it receives the maximum

rainfall. Mean annual/monsoon rainfall charts for Odisha based on available data



shows that the annual catchment rainfall varies between 1400 and 1500mm. The four

months (June to September) of monsoon is about 1200mm.

1.5.2 Temperature

The mean annual maximum and minimum temperature of the catchment area,

represented by nearby climatological station namely Bhawanipatna, is 33.4° C and

21.1° C respectively. As such the mean annual temperature of the project area is

27.25° C. The recorded maximum and minimum temperature in the project area is

44.9° C (in May) and 8.3° C (in January) respectively.

1.5.3 Humidity

It is seen that relative humidity is maximum in the month of August and minimum in

the month of March. The relative humidity in the basin varies from 88% to 93%

during July to September.

1.5.4 Cloudiness

During South-West monsoon sky is generally overcast. In other months sky is

generally clear and lightly clouded. The maximum cloud cover is observed in the

month of June and July and minimum cloud cover is in December and January.

1.5.5 Winds

The main wind direction in the basin is between Southwest and Northwest during the

first half of the monsoon seasons. In the second half of the monsoon season, the wind

direction is between West and Northwest. The wind velocity varies from about 0.5 km

/hr to 3.2 km/ hr on normal days

1.6 TOPOGRAPHY AND SOILS

The region lying in the catchment is having a rocky and uneven wavy surface and

having an interesting complex of denuded hills, plateaus, sharp ridges and mature

valleys. Physically, the region may be broadly divided into three distinct units, each

with a different physical character: (i) northern upland; (ii) the erosional plains of

Mahanadi valley, and (iii) southern hilly region of Eastern Ghats.



There is a considerable extent of natural vegetation in this region. Besides the

abundant growth of bamboo along the Eastern Ghat tracts and other low-lying areas,

Sal forest also occurs extensively throughout this region. The forests yield a variety of

products like kendu leaves, tusser cocoons, lac, myrobalans, cane, arrow-roots, mahua

flowers, broom grass, sabai grass, gums, resin, khair and sunari bark which provide

livelihood support to the original inhabitants of this region.

The soil depth in the command area is primarily shallow-deep to moderate-deep as

can be seen in the Figure 1.1. The soil depth suggests the volume of soil which the

plant root can exploit for obtaining their nutrient and water for growth. As indicated

the figure, the data shows that the maximum command area is moderately deep and

the cultivation of Millets, Pigeonpea, Moong, Black Gram and forest crops in selected

areas are suggested for soil having shallow to medium depth during Kharif season,

while rice and wheat can be cultivated under irrigated condition during Ravi season.

As far as soil texture is concerned, it acts as a guide to many soil characteristics

directly or indirectly related to plant growth. The data about the soil structure in the

command area is shown in the Figure 1.2, which indicates that the majority of the soil

covering the command area is loamy and clayey. As soil texture is moderately fine,

therefore, the supply of water to plant is greater in this type of soil than that of coarse

texture. Under similar conditions, the availability of nutrients to plants usually

increases as soil texture becomes finer. As such, the both soil depth and soil texture of

the command area is well suited for irrigated cultivation.

1.7 POPULATION AND SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITION

As per 2001 census, there are 4,733 males and 9673 females who are marginal

workers and 12,598 males and 18154 females who are non-workers residing in 19,043

households in 87 inhabitated villages under Chandahandi Block. The total population

of the Chandahandi Block is 61,076 (30,350 male and 30,726 female), the SC/ST

population is 6,479 and 20,276 respectively. About 77% of villages are electrified.

There are about 59 primary schools, 21 middle schools, 9 secondary schools in the

block. There is one college with 160 students functioning at Chandahandi Block. The

literacy rate is 57.77% for male and 20.72% for female. There are 5 public health

center and one mobile health unit maternity care center existing in the Chandahandi

Block with six doctors and 10 beds.



The inhabitants in the command area are mostly tribals. They mostly depend on

cultivation and forest products. Some speak Oriya in a corrupt form, which is an

admixture of several words and phrases from aboriginal dialects. Regions near

boarder have a heavy dose of Chattishgarhi language. The religion of this area is

composite. There are Hindus, Christians and Muslims. The tribals living here are

namely Bhumias, Dombs. The latter are wide spread through the region. They are

weavers and drummers by profession. The dombs are also engaged in cattle trade.

Most of them earn their livelihood by cultivation and weaving. In the upper rank of

the social scale we come across Sankharies, who deal with lac and who make basket,

chains and dolls out of it. They are good artists, artisans and traders. Malis originally

grow and collect flowers for temple worship. They now switched over to cultivation

of Sugarcane, tobacco etc. on the banks of Indravati river. Sundhis are famous for

distillation and selling of liquor. They are usually rich and wealthy in status.

Kachharparha

Dandamunda

Dharipani

Jharbahal

Pujaharigurha

Shardapur

Malgan

Dumerparha

Dhepgurha

Luhaballi

B

O

R

I

N

Phalshaparha

Matigan

Bhojpur

Sargibahal

Khairbari

Khaparadihi

T

E

L

R

I

V

E

R

T

E

L

R

I

V

E

R

Gamarigurha

Jharigan 4 km

Kotradongri

Malparha

Photamunda

Telumal

Dhupaot

Kharkhari

Kodabhata

Jhulenbar

Koilimunda

T

E

L

R

I

V

E

R

Jorabandh

Kendugurha

Ghantigurha

Onkaberha

Nawaparha

Chandagiri

Ambagurha

Sanamunda

Salebiri

Babariya

T

E

L

R

I

V

E

RG

u

m

a

m

i

h

a

r

i

N

SalebiriT

E

L

R

I

V

E

R

Beheramunda

Jhaliaparha

Babariya

T

E

L

R

I

V

E

R

Kotradongri

D

A

M

A

X

I

S

Kathberha

Khatberha

T

E

L

R

I

V

E

R

N

A

G

A

R

S

H

I

L

J

H

O

R

Mundagurha

Lambidara

Dudana

Dongar

TELNADI R.F

Kadaligaba

Dobadhara

TEL RIVER

Nahardig

Kataldig

Hirabar

Amamunda

Kendugurha

Gabagurha

Balipada

P

E

T

P

H

U

L

A

N

A

D

I

Petphula

B

A

R

L

A

M

J

H

O

R

Kandashor

Khairapet

Petphula

Jogidongar

Keupani

Akarshi

Jogidongar

BEHEDA RESERVED FOREST

Khelapadar

Khelapadar

Nagarshil

B

H

A

T

A

J

H

O

R

Telnadigan

Telnadigan

Karlaparha

P

R

E

S

S

U

R

E

C

O

N

D

U

I

T

Mainapadar

Hatibarhi

Hatibarhi

P

A

D

A

M

J

H

O

R

Kendughat

BEHEDA RESERVED FOREST

F R L 500m

DEEPEST BED LEVEL 417m

T

E

L

R

I

V

E

R

19' 52'30"

INDAGAON PROTECTED FOREST

T

A

I

L

R

A

C

E

C

H

A

N

N

E

L

H R

T C

UM

OP

EN

CH

AN

NE

L

T

E

L

R

IV

E

R

B

A

N

J

A

R

I

N

A

D

I

Bilijharan

Kadibhandar

Potkhalia

Badalpani

Buddhi Dongar

Bandhkona

Chiligan

Bendradora

J

H

A

R

IP

A

N

I N

K

E

B

A

R

I

J

H

A

R

I

N

B

A

N

J

A

R

I N

A

D

I

Gauriharia

JHARIGAN RESERVED FOREST

Rajkot

Kurlapara

Baidparha

Potkhalia

PA

TA

N N

AD

I

Bharjori

Dalbera

Dalbera

Baragurha

KH

AR

IP

AN

I N

Bhatiparha

Bhatiparha

Potkhalia

Khutgurha

Bhatiparha

Mehlimunda

Darliparha

Dulkiparha

K

O

R

A

K

H

A

I

N

A

D

I

Bhaludongri

Haldikhaliaparha

Dhuruwaparha

BELPATIJOR NADI

Langparha

Langparha

Dhorakot

Sinaparha

Semalaparha

Bhattajor

Deobandh

Pipalparha

Kondiora

Kondiora

Jamadarparha

Haldi

Tetaliparha

Junapani

Salebiri

Sanadhurwaparha

Chandahandi

Ladhuaparha

Dhupkot

ChakamalKharkhari

Malbhata

Barigurha

Mohara

Phalsaparha

Baramunda

19' 52'30"

INDEX MAP

TEL INTEGRATED PROJECT

ODISHA

SYMBOL

4-

SCALE

9.

6-

8.

7.

5-

S/N

3-

2-

1-

DESCRIPTION

LEGEND

O D I S H A

C H H A T I S G A R H

O D I S H A

C H H A T I S G A R H

PANNABERA R.F

Nuagan

CCA - 5878 Ha

E

X

I

S

T

I

N

G

L

E

F

T

C

A

N

A

L

FEEDER

CANAL

PHULJHA

RI MIP

CCA - 2000 Ha

CCA - 4025 Ha

SAHAJKHOL P.F.

S

A

H

A

J

K

H

O

L

R

.

F

.

10.

Jamugurha

Gutipadar

Bhalujharan

Gudipadar

P

I

P

A

L

J

O

R

E

DU

MA

JO

RI N

J

I

G

A

N

S

H

I

N

Phataki

T

H

I

P

A

N

A

D

I

K

O

R

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CHAPTER-2

Physical Features



CHAPTER – 2PHYSICAL FEATURES

2.1 GENERAL

The project area falls in Nabarangpur district of Odisha having its geographical area

as 5294.5 Sq Km. The district extends in the West up to Bastar district of

Chhattisgarh, in the East up to Kalahandi district, in the North up to Raipur district of

Chhattisgarh and in the South to Koraput district. Nabarangpur district is situated at

19014' Latitude and 82032' Longitude at an Elevation of 1876 m from Sea level. The

district's demographic profile makes it clear that it is a predominantly tribal and

backward district with 55.58% tribal and 73% of the rural families below poverty line

(BPL).

The region is characterized by high temperature in most parts of the year and medium

to high annual rainfall. There is a considerable extent of natural vegetation in this

region. The hydrographical features also reflect these effects. The chapter describes

the general topographical and physical features of the Tel basin and the project

command area.

2.2 GEOGRAPHICAL DISPOSITION

River Tel which rises in the north of Nabarangpur district forms a sort of its

geographical boundary with Kalahandi district and finally unites with a bigger

Mahanadi river in Sonepur town. It is not perennial and dries up during the

summer, as the flow in the river remains virtually nil during the period starting from

mid March to mid June, except for few years when the good monsoon occurs and the

base flow continues even during this period.

Physiographically, the catchment area may be broadly divided into two different

natural divisions, the hilly tracts and the plain areas. The former chiefly comprises of

the ranges of hills which ran from the north-east to the south-west of the district and

the later constitutes the river valleys of Tel and its tributaries.

The asymmetric pattern and the characteristics of the drainage system strongly reflect

the character of relief and the climate differences.



The Tel, which form tributary of Mahanadi may be mentioned among the principal

rivers of Nabarangpur. The scenery along the banks of the course through the hills on

the Tel, is exceedingly fine and varies from wild raging torrents sweeping over bare

rocks, to placid stretches of deep pools with the stream swirling in the eddies between

rich meadow land, verdant with grass and banks overhung with willows.

2.3 TOPOGRAPHY OF TEL BASIN AND COMMAND AREA

2.3.1 Topography

The region lying in the catchment is having a rocky and uneven wavy surface and

having an interesting complex of denuded hills, plateaus, sharp ridges and mature

valleys. Physically, the region may be broadly divided into three distinct units, each

with a different physical character: (i) northern upland; (ii) the erosion plains of

Mahanadi valley, and (iii) southern hilly region of Eastern Ghats.

2.3.2 River System

The River Tel originates from the hilly range near Nabarangpur district in Odisha at

an elevation of 66m. During its course of 296 Km it drains an area of 1496 Sq.Km

before its outfall into river Mahanadi on the right about a kilometer downstream of

Sonepur town in Odisha. The river Tel nearly intercepts 16.3% of the drainage area of

river Mahanadi which is 32.43% of the drainage area of Mahanadi Odisha and it is

encompassed between 820 09’ 48” to 840 17’ 53” of east longitude and 190 15’ 08” to

200 53’ 13” of North latitude. The major tributaries of river Tel are Banjari, Sagada,

Hate, Rel, Udanti, Indra Lanth, Raul, Khagado, and Suktel.

The catchment area of Tel basin is 480 Sq.Km. The Banjari Barrage catches an area

of 230 Sq.Km across Banjari nallah as the area for studies in this project. Similarly

the catchment area for Four Bay Diversion Dam across Pipaljarah Nallah comes out

to be 20 Sq.Km.

2.3.3 Command Area

The water from reservoir will be carried through Power House - 1 & 2 located at

lower altitude on the right side of Tel River near village Phatki in Odisha. The water

finally released from power house will be picked up by proposed Barrage with FRL

325 m and from there a canal of length about 23.395 Km will take off from this

Barrage and will feed water to the existing Banjari Barrage for additional irrigation of



2000 ha through Banjari Barrage and thereafter remaining water will cross Banjari

nallah through an aqueduct to provide irrigation of 4025 ha, further it is also

envisaged to irrigate a command area of 5878 ha by this main canal in its way from

Phatki Barrage to Banjari Barrage. Thus the total water to be carried by the canal is

for a command area 9903 ha.

2.3.4 Geology

The Dam site (height 87m and length 3.8 km) was examined by WAPCOS experts

and studies revealed that the pink to grey granite gneisses are exposed at the proposed

site with secondary veins of pink quartz near proposed spillway location. Geological

study was also carried out at the proposed dam site as well as spillway. After

accomplishing Geo-Technical Investigations, it is revealed that the rock conditions

are considered suitable for water conductor system as well as Dam and power house.

The complete details of Geo-Technical Investigations can be viewed from Chapter-

4.

Apart from the above strata, the catchment area has a treasure of many ores like iron,

chlorite, mica, quartz, hematite, limonite, large deposit of granites and rock beds

covering layered of coarse white quartz.

CHAPTER-3

Interstate Aspects



CHAPTER 3

INTERSTATE ASPECTS

3.1 INTERSTATE ASPECT

The Tel Integrated project proposed on Tel River, a tributary of river Mahanadi is

entirely lying in the state of Odisha and therefore there is no interstate aspect as far as

the project is concerned. Further there is no interstate tribunal award for sharing

Mahanadi basin waters among the party states (Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh,

Maharashtra, Jharkhand and Odisha). However, agreements reached at Chief Minister

level between Odisha and undivided Madhya Pradesh in 1983 at Bhubaneswar with

regard to some projects in the Mahanadi basin to be taken up jointly by Odisha and

the then Madhya Pradesh are reproduced below project wise.

3.1.1 Ib Project (Odisha Project)

Madhya Pradesh agrees to spare 25 percent run-off from the catchment area drained

by Ib River and lying in its territory under the proposed Ib dam project (approximate

latitude 230 12’ N, longitude 840 06’ E). Odisha agrees to fix full reservoir level of Ib

dam at R.L. 272.50 m. The land in Madhya Pradesh would however, be acquired up to

R.L. 273.00 meters to allow for back water impact. In exceptional cases, if areas lying

above R.L. 273.00 meters in the foreshore area of the reservoir in Madhya Pradesh are

damaged due to floods, the damage being solely attributable to the construction of Ib

dam, liable compensation will be paid by Odisha. Madhya Pradesh may generate

hydro-power at the head works of Ib project entirely at its own cost without paying

for the cost of storage, but bearing the full cost of all additional civil and electrical

works required for generation of hydro-power. Madhya Pradesh will make its own

arrangement for operation and transmission of power generated. Project report for

power part will be prepared by Madhya Pradesh for which Odisha will extend

necessary co-operation. However, the regulation of the Ib reservoir shall be done by

Odisha as per operational and irrigation requirements.

3.1.2 Sapanai Project (Madhya Pradesh Project)

Odisha agrees to spare 70 percent of run-off from its catchments area for use in

Madhya Pradesh at Sapanai dam (approximate lat. 210 53’ 45” N. Long. 830 30’

05”E). Madhya Pradesh may formulate Sapanai Project leaving an upstream reserve



to the extent of 30 percent of run-off from Odisha. Catchment for use in Odisha State,

Submergence due to project is limited to Madhya Pradesh territory only.

3.1.3 Kurunala a Project (Joint Project)

Madhya Pradesh and Odisha agree to implement the Kurunala Project as a joint

irrigation schemes, where the catchment area of Kurunala is about 45 sq. miles

(Approximate Lat. 210 55’ N, Long. 830 33’ E) to irrigate in about 3000 acres in

Madhya Pradesh and about 9000 acres in Odisha. The cost of head works of the

project shall be shared in proportion of the ultimate irrigation benefits derived by each

State.

3.1.4 Upper Jonk Project (Odisha Project)

Odisha agrees to supply water through the left bank canal of Upper Jonk Project at

Odisha - Madhya Pradesh border to support irrigation in an area of 2000 acres in

Madhya Pradesh territory on charges to be determined. The requirement of rest of the

areas in Madhya Pradesh may be met by Madhya Pradesh by utilizing the waters of

the tributaries of Jonk river upstream of lower Jonk Project (Odisha) draining that

area subproject to a maximum utilization of 40 square miles of catchment Odisha

agrees to consider request by Madhya Pradesh for submerging Odisha land for the

above project (s) if any.

3.1.5 Lower Jonk Project (Joint Project)

Odisha and Madhya Pradesh agree that a dam across Jonk river near Girnia

(Approximate Lat. 210 10’ N and Long. 820 37’ 30” E) should be constructed as a joint

project and share the cost of dam, reservoir and available run off in the ratio of 30

percent (Odisha) and 70 percent (Madhya Pradesh). The cost of head regulators and

canal system will be borne by the respective beneficiary States). The surveys and

investigation of Girnia Dam will be carried out by Madhya Pradesh.

3.1.6 Ong Project (Odisha Project)

Madhya Pradesh agrees to spare 20 percent of run-off from its catchment area lying in

Ong sub-basin for use by Odisha at the proposed dam site across Ong river near its

confluence with Surangi River (approximate lat. 210 65’ 29” Long. 830 03’ 06”).

Odisha agrees to fix the full reservoir level of Ong reservoir at R.L. 219.0 meters.

Odisha may however fix the full reservoir level at R.L. 220 meters provided the



reservoir does not submerge existing irrigated areas in Madhya Pradesh for which

necessary field verification will be carried out jointly.

3.1.7 Jira Project (Odisha Project)

Madhya Pradesh agrees to spare run-off from 14.25 sq. km les of is catchment lying in

Jira sub-basin for use by Odisha proposed Jira dam project (approximate Lat. 210 23’

N. Long. 830 26’ E) with full reservoir level fixed at R.L. 697.5 ft.

3.1.8 Sahajhahal Project (Joint Project)

Odisha and Madhya Pradesh agree to implement Sahajhahal Project as a joint

irrigation scheme where the catchment area of the river is about 22 sq. miles

(approximate Lat. 210 21’ 15” N, Long 830 21’ 15” E) in Madhya Pradesh. The cost

of joint works and irrigation benefit shall be shared in the ratio of 70 percent (Madhya

Pradesh) and 30 percent (Odisha). Surveys and investigations of this joint project will

be carried by Madhya Pradesh.

3.1.9 Lower Kolab Project (Joint Project)

Odisha and Madhya Pradesh agree to re-investigate the lower Kolab Project with

alternative possibilities of irrigation and hydro-power generation. It found feasible,

the project shall be taken up as a joint project. Survey and investigation will be carried

out by Odisha in consultation with Madhya Pradesh and the first preliminary report

will be finalized by June, 1984.

3.1.10 Back Water Studies for Hirakud Dam

Both the States agree to carry out fresh back water studies for the Hirakud reservoir

with a view to ascertaining the extent of submergence caused in Raigarh district of

Madhya Pradesh during high floods. The Central Water & Power Research Station,

Pune may, if necessary, be associated with these studies.

3.1.11 Establishment of Joint Control Board

Madhya Pradesh and Odisha agree to establish a Joint control Board to review the

progress, from time to time of survey, investigation, planning execution and operation

of joint Inter-State Irrigation and/or Power Project(s) and to discuss and resolve any

issues.



3.1.12 Supply of Power

It is agreed that supply of 5 MW Power which was committed by the Government of

Odisha previously will be resumed.

As the M.P. State Electricity Board is keen to have power from Hirakud, this will be

supplied at Hirakud Bus Bars. The cost of power will be the cost of generation at

Hirakud Power House. The cost would be reviewed annually by the representatives of

the two Boards.

The question of payment of Electricity Duty by M.P. Electricity Board for future

supply by Odisha State Electricity Board of 5 MW. Power would be referred to the

Department of Power, Government of India for their guidelines.

Meeting held on 27.04.1983 at Bhubaneswar

List of officers present

Madhya Pradesh Odisha

1 Shri N.R. Krishna, I.A.S. Secretary,

Energy & Secretary to Chief Minister

1 Shri Gian Chand, I.A.S. Chief

Secretary

2 Shri V.M. Chitale,

Secretary, Irrigation

2 Shri P.C. Hota, I.A.S Commissioner-

cum-Secretary, Irrigation & Power

Deptt.

3 Shri Matin Ahmad, Chief Engineer &

Special Secretary to Chief Minister

3 Shri S.B. Mishra, I.A.S. Secretary to

Chief Minister

4 Shri S. Dhagat, Chief Engineer

Irrigation, Mahanadi Basin

4 Shri S.C. Tripathy, Consultant.

5 Shri N.C. Sohani, Superintending

Engineer

5 Shri K.T. Subudhi, Engineer-in-

Chief, Irrigation

6 Shri U.B. Singh, Superintending

Engineer.

6 Shri A. Panda, Chairman, Odisha

State Electricity Board

7 Shri. K.C. Mohapatra, Deputy

Secretary, Irrigation & power

8 Shri. R.K. Mishra, Deputy

Secretary, Irrigation & power

9 Shri. M.L. Lath, Superintending



Madhya Pradesh Odisha

Engineer, Technical Unit.

10 Shri. J.C. Pati, Executive Engineer,

Planning.

11 Shri. S.N.Mishra, Executive

Engineer, Sundergarh Irr. Division.

12 Shri. C.R. Mohapatra, Executive

division

13 Shri. S.N.Mohanty, Executive

Engineer, Kalahandi Irrigation

Division

14 Shri. A.R.Satpathy, Asstt. to

Engineer in chief, irrigation , Odisha

CHAPTER-4

Survey & Investigations



CHAPTER 4

SURVEY AND INVESTIGATIONS

4.1 GENERAL

The survey and other field investigation as required for preparation of feasibility for

the Tel Integrated Multipurpose Project have been executed as per CWC guidelines

2000. The field survey requirements were identified based on toposheet study and

reconnaissance surveys and the same were carried out as per the conceptual planning

of the various components of the scheme.

The project was initially conceptualized and was taken up by the water resources

department, Government of Odisha for preparation of feasibility report. After

reconnaissance survey of various sites in Lower Mahanadi river basin, followed by

detailed study and investigations involving geology, topography and hydrology, soil

survey etc the site has been selected for the proposed Tel Integrated Multipurpose

Project. The following field surveys and investigations were taken up for forming up

selection of the project site.

4.2 RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY

Based on Toposheet identification, some tentative sites in upper reaches of the Lower

Mahanadi river basin were visited. Areas upstream and downstream of the sites were

traversed and physiographical and other relevant features noted for further

examination.

4.3 TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS

Experts of Water Resource Dept, Govt. of Odisha and WAPCOS visited the tentative

proposed dam, barrage and power house sites in the basin area. After geological

reconnaissance and detailed appraisal of the geological features of the project area, the

proposed site has been found to be geologically safe and suitable for construction of

headwork structures and it was found that there are no mineral deposits in the reservoir

area carried out by the Geologist of Directorate of Geology and the same is appended

as Annexure-4.1 at the end of this chapter. Following Topographical Survey work

have been carried out as per requirement of Terms of Reference and as per

specifications of CWC guideline August 2000.



a) Topographical Survey at Dam axis

The survey has been carried out at the dam axis on the River Tel. Cross section has

been developed by taking readings at every 50 m interval along the length. Drawing

pertaining to Strip Survey has been represented in a local Northing and Easting co-

ordinate system. Topographical contour plan for strip survey of the dam axis have

been developed with contour interval of 5 m appended in drawing no.

WAP/WRD/TIP/FIG No. 1.

b) Submergence Survey

Topographical survey of the submergence area upstream of the proposed dam axis

was carried out with the consideration of Full reservoir level (FRL) fixed at 500.0 m,

so as to determine submergence area, dead storage and live storage capacities of the

reservoir. The submergence area map is appended as drawing no.


c) Dam Base Survey

Cross sections of Tel River at 200 m interval were taken in a length along the river

flow upto 3200 m upstream and 1800 m downstream of the proposed dam axis. The

corresponding cross sections at dam axis, upstream sections and downstream sections

are shown in drawing nos. WAP/WRD/TIP/FIG No. 3, 4 and 5 respectively. These

sections are prepared at 1:100V and 1:1000H scale.

d) Longitudinal Section

To know the topography and river bed levels of the Tel and Banjari rivers of the Tel

integrated project, topographical survey was carried out along the Tel River and

Banjari River and corresponding longitudinal sections have been prepared along the

reaches. Longitudinal section along Tel River has been appended as drawing no.

WAP/WRD/TIP/FIG No. 6 and along River Banjari is appended as drawing no.


e) Water Conductor System

Hydrographic surveys / River surveys was carried out for establishing design flood /

tail water levels at site of proposed structure. Thus, Grid contour topographical survey

was carried out at the entire area of water conductor system i.e. from Dam on Tel

River to Phatki Barrage through various civil structures i.e. Intake Tunnel, Head Race



Tunnel, Penstocks, Open Channel and Tail Race Tunnel. Beyond Phatki barrage,

storage water will be off takes through Right Main Canal for the multipurpose uses.

Based on this topographical survey, L-sections have been prepared along the Right

Main Canal and is appended as drawing no. WAP/WRD/TIP/FIG No. 8.

f) Command Area Survey

Command area survey has been carried out following the standard survey practices.

The command area of the proposed project lies on single sides of the River Tel. The

survey of the command area has been carried out following the standard methods of

surveying and a contour map of the area with 1 m contour interval has been prepared,

and enclosed in drawing no. WAP/WRD/TIP/FIG No. 9.

For micro canalization of the command area, a detailed topographic survey of a pilot

area equal to 10 % of the total area with contour at 1 m interval on village maps are

being carried out. For this purpose the survey party has collected the village maps;

khasra map of land, details of each land like area, details of land owners etc and

develop digitized version of the maps incorporating all the collected details.

Topographical plan of each cultivation land are being prepared developing contour at

1 m intervals taking levels at suitable intervals and at each corner of the plot as well as

at centre point of each plot. A Pilot area equal to 10% of the total area is being

surveyed. Detailed village wise command area survey plan is appended as drawing no.


g) Power House Area Survey

Grid topographical survey of the power house area was carried out. From the surveyed

data contours has been developed at a contour interval of 1 m. The contour map of the

power house area – I & II are prepared on 1:1000 scale and appended as drawing no.

WAP/WRD/TIP/FIG No. 11 & 12 respectively.

h) Phatki Barrage Area Survey

Topographic survey of the Patki submergence area upstream of the existing Phatki

Barrage was carried out, so as to determine submergence area, dead storage and live

storage capacities in the storage.



i) Establishing Bench Marks

Bench Marks has been established with existing GTS. The new BMs have been

connected to the nearest GTS or permanent Bench Mark of SOI by double leveling.

The words ‘B.M.’ and the RL values have been painted clearly on every location. A

list of established Bench Marks is given as under:

B.M / GTS R.L. VALUE (m) LOCATION

SOI PBM 622.500 RHS of Bitumen Road from Umer Kote toRaigarh near village Chikalpadar on a stonerock

W-4 609.188 Hanuman Temple at Umerkote9/335 608.800 Culvert Road Umerkote to Jhorigaon. 9.335

km from UmerkoteW-10 618.498 On culvert – village TaramariW-13 617.942 Police Station Jhorigam Main Gate PillarW-14 622.795 Junction of road Jhorigam to BorigudaW-18 566.609 On rock opposite hut at Hathi Badi bus

stop. 50 m RHS road JHG-CNDW-19 562.863 On rock opposite Karlapada bus stopW-22 399.287 Jhorigam Chandahandi block boundary

pillar near GhatiW-24 378.028 Small stone at junction

Katcha rasta to Bitumen RoadW-28 403.144 On right bank of Tel river Kutcha road

joining the river

j) Fixing of Center Line Stones

The alignment of the water conductor system has been fixed accurately. For centerline

marking R.C.C. blocks has been fixed and at point of intersections and also along

tangent and apex point of curves along the alignment of the system.

k) Preparation of Land Acquisition Plan

i) Width of land required for canal acquisition has been worked out basedon the cross sections of the canal.

ii) Width of land required for irrigation sources (new/old)/canal/pipelineacquisition has been worked out based on the cross sections of the canal@ 50 m intervals all along the length and area arrived at for canal.



iii) Demarcation stones along the boundaries of land acquisition have beenfixed on both the sides.

iv) The alignment along with land widths as worked out above has beenmarked on the village plan to assess survey number wise area of land tobe acquired for execution.

v) Thus, land plan schedules in the prescribed proforma covering surveynumbers, particulars of land and land holders, survey number wise areahas been acquired along with classification of land etc. has been prepared.

vi) Statements of structures, trees, wells or any other private, public or Govt.property to be acquired also has been furnished while preparing LandAcquisition Plan.

l) Accuracies

All the survey instruments have been maintained in good condition to achieve higher

accuracies but in no case there shall exceed those given below:

Theodolite/Total Station, EDM Traversing

Allowable error of closure - 1/3000Allowable error of distance - 1/5000Allowable error of closure - 4√k mm(Where k is the total distance in km)

4.4 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS

The complete Geotechnical investigations carried out in the project area is appended as

Annexure 4.2 at the end of the chapter.

CHAPTER-5

Project Hydrology



CHAPTER – 5PROJECT HYDROLOGY

5.1 INTRODUCTION

The Tel integrated Project is likely to have following components.

1. A Storage Dam on Tel, about 3 Km upstream of the place where river passes

from Odisha and starts forming the boundary between Odisha and Chhattisgarh

and there is likely to be a comparatively large reservoir, possibly with a carry

over storage. The Dam would have a catchment area of about 480 km².

2. A 1.35 Km long pipeline leading to a powerhouse near Phatki village. While the

FRL and MDDL of the reservoir is 500m and 480m, the tail water level after the

Power House 1st and 2nd would be 418 m and 328 m respectively.

3. A barrage to be constructed on Phatki nallah - a tributary of Tel, slightly up

stream of its confluence with Tel. The purpose of this barrage is to act as a

diversion structure for diverting flow of both Phatki nallah as well as water

coming from Tel dam through power houses for irrigation command area lying

between Phatki nallah and Banjari River.

4. A 23.40 Km long canal from Phatki barrage which crosses Banjari Nallah

through an aqueduct. The river Banjari is also a tributary of Tel. The catchment

area of the Barrage would be about 230 km².

5. An Irrigation distribution system from this canal between Phatki barrage and

Banjari Nallah having a G.C.A. of 9184.6 ha and another irrigation distribution

system beyond Banjari nallah having a G.C.A. of 6289.6 ha.

6. A 7.0 Km long left canal (Exixting) from Banjari Barrage, with an irrigation

distribution system, which is proposed to serve a G.C.A. of 2500 ha.

5.2 HYDROLOGIC INPUTS REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING THE

PROJECT

The Tel Integrated Multipurpose Project system involves a large storage (dam), a

diversion structure, two new irrigation command areas and a command area for

stabilization. The simulation of the system has been carried out on monthly basis, for

the period 1971-72 to 2007-08. Following data were used in the simulation study.



i. Data requirement for the simulation studies

a. Monthly in flow series for each of the dam sites and Barrage sites

b. Monthly rainfall and effective rainfall information for the command areas

c. Elevation-Area-Capacity curve for the reservoir

d. Evaporation data from water surface

ii. Data required for flood related safety of the structures

a. The probable maximum flood for the main storage dam

b. The standard project flood and frequency (100 year flood), as the case may be,

for the pondages, Barrages or Weirs.

5.3 AVAILABILITY OF HYDROLOGICAL DATA

a) Rainfall data

Rainfall data in the vicinity is available for five stations. The daily data has been

collected and has been compiled as 10-daily and monthly data. The availability is as

indicated below. As the rainfall data is not available on a continuos basis for a longer

period for the stations mentioned below, it has been decided to utilize the flow data

available (for more than 30 years) in the Tel River basin at kantamal, Kesinga &

Sukma G&D Sites for assessing the water availability for Tel Integrated Project. The

data processing and development of flow series are discussed subsequently.

Station Name Latitude LongitudeData Availability Appendix No.

Showing the10 daily dataFrom To

Belpara 20° 35’ 82° 59’ Jan-1970 Dec-1992 Appendix-I(Hyd)

Jashpurnagar 22° 53’ 84° 08’ Jan-1966 May-1999 Appendix-II(Hyd)

Jharsuguda 21° 51’ 84° 02’ Jan-1943 Dec-1992 Appendix-III(Hyd)

Khaparakhol 20° 40’ 82° 50’ Jan-1952 Dec-1992 Appendix-IV(Hyd)



Station Name Latitude LongitudeData Availability Appendix No.

Showing the10 daily dataFrom To

Nawapara 20° 50’ 82° 33’ Jan-1947 Dec-1996 Appendix-V(Hyd)

Sundargarh 22° 07’ 84° 02’ Jan-1979 Nov-2005 Appendix-VI(Hyd)

b) River flow data

In the vicinity of the project, river flow data is available for three sites maintained by

Central Water Commission. The daily discharges have been collected from the

Central Water Commission. The ten daily compilations of daily data have also been

made. The details in regard to the availability of this data is shown below and also the

annual flow data for Kantamal, Kesinga and Sukma for the same years can be viewed

in Annexure No. 5.1, 5.2 & 5.3.

Flow data availability

Site

NameRiver Basin

Catchment

area(Sq.

km)

Data availabilityAppendix No.

showing 10 daily dataFrom To

Kantamal Tel Mahanadi 196001971-

72

2007-

08Appendix VII (Hyd)

Sukma Suktel Mahanadi 13651989-

90

2001-

02Appendix VIII (Hyd)

Kesinga Tel Mahanadi 119601978-

79

2007-

08Appendix IX (Hyd)

5.4 PAN EVAPORATION DATA

The observed pan evaporation data is important both for estimating the likely

reservoir evaporation and for estimating the likely evapo-transpiration from irrigated

areas. From reservoir, water is lost due to evaporation and loss of water due to



evaporation should be considered while carrying out simulation studies. Evaporation

rates are important for preparation of reservoir operation tables. It has a very

significant role to play during a delayed monsoon season when the reservoir storage is

under maximum stress and demand for irrigation, water supply and hydropower

increases manifold. Evaporation rates are generally highest in the summer months

before the advent of monsoon; these may further increase during the delayed monsoon

period owing to rising temperature resulting in severe depletion of the reservoir.

Observed evaporation data is not available for any station in the region. The

evaporation value have, therefore been interpolated from Evaporation Tables

published by IMD. Evaporation depths are measured by using American Class-A Pan

Evaporimeter. Factors prescribed by IMD to convert the observed meshed covered

pan data to open pan and then into the lake or reservoir evaporation depths are

discussed in this chapter under the section on reservoir evaporation.

5.4.1 Climatological Data

In order to decide the crop water requirements and irrigation water requirements.The

data Bhawanipatnam station has been used the position with regard to this data is

given under.

StationName

Latitude Longitude

Data Availability AppendixNo.

Showingthe 10 daily

data

From To

BhawaniPatna

19° 55' N 83° 11' E 1971 1990Appendix X

(Hyd)

5.5 PROCESSING OF FLOW DATA AS REQUIRED FOR SIMULATION

As already stated, the simulation would be on 10-daily basis since the system has both

reservoir and diversion structures. Thus, the processing 10 daily data is important.

The processing of the flow data normally consists of:

i) Internal consistency checks such as between river stage and river discharge.

ii) External consistency checks such as:

Between simultaneous flow of one station and another



Comparison of the shape of the cumulative probability functions (flow

duration curves) of the various stations

Comparison of general statistical properties of the various flow series

Consistency between flow and rainfall

We have not been able to conduct the internal consistency as the water storage data

was not readily available from the Central Water Commission. Hopefully, they would

have already carried out such checks.

The flows of any site would be affected by various factors, but the size of the

catchment and rainfall regime would be the prime factors. To remove the effect of the

catchment size, we have converted all 10 daily volumes, in million cubic meters, into

specific flows in lit./s/sq. Km. We have used these specific flows in all data

processing.

The average flow regime of the three sites as 10 daily specific flows is shown below

with the relevant tables and graphs:

10-Daily Average Specific Flows in Lit/s/Sq.Km

Month Sukma Site Kantamal Site Kesinga Site

jun-I 0.36 1.97 3.49

jun-II 43.34 11.73 21.72

jun-III 5.16 14.48 25.14

jul-I 36.93 33.55 44.81

jul-II 41.8 43.02 48.4

jul-III 63.87 48.67 60.77

Aug-I 49.82 62.72 82.57

Aug-II 83.44 68.72 79.15

Aug-III 65.18 75.14 78.83

Sep-I 52.66 54.66 62.25

Sep-II 55.38 60.96 57.89

Sep-III 29.46 31.72 29.25

Oct-I 22.18 24.55 35.54

Oct-II 13.08 13.38 13.92

Oct-III 4.96 10.03 7.96

Nov-I 10.6 8.33 8.79

Nov-II 6.98 7.11 7.92

Nov-III 3.6 6.01 7.05



Dec-I 1.45 4.40 5.72

Dec-II 1.73 3.34 4.52

Dec-III 1.02 2.66 3.21

Jan-I 1.19 2.26 2.69

Jan-II 1.18 1.99 2.07

Jan-III 2.2 1.71 2.15

Feb-I 1.73 1.57 2.35

Feb-II 0.85 1.45 2.1

Feb-III 0.54 1.45 2.69

Mar-I 0.13 1.22 1.88

Mar-II 0.19 1.16 2.01

Mar-III 0 1.08 1.71

Apr-I 0 1.13 1.88

Apr-II 0 1.09 1.96

Apr-III 0 1.16 2.37

May-I 0 1.20 2.6

May-II 0 2.17 3.95

May-III 4.01 1.67 2.91



A comparison of these would show that the general flow regime of the three sites is

very similar. The flows are very low in the spring-summer session of January to May,

and at the Sukma site where the catchment area is comparatively small (1365 sq.



kms.) the river seems to be ephemeral with no flow. Perhaps the catchment geology

also may be responsible for this. At the larger site on Tel, a small specific flow of

around 1 lit/s/sq. km is available during this season. The flow increases suddenly in

the first or second 10 day period of June and is maximum in the month of August,

during the autumn – winter season of Oct. to May, the flow decreases, but the flows in

Sukma seem to be lower than those at the other two sites.

The Sukma Site has no flow in the the first 10 days of June. The average for the

second 10 day period is much larger than that for the third 10 day period of June.

The variability of the 10 daily specific flows form year to year is depicted by the

standard deviation of the 10 daily array are by the coefficient of variation. The regime

of the coefficient of variation at the three sites is shown below.

Kantamal Sukma Kesinga Kantamal Sukma Kesinga

Jun-I 1.618 2.224 1.5 Dec-I 0.598 0.694 0.883Jun-II 2.613 0.659 2.271 Dec-II 0.806 1.171 1.264Jun-III 1.44 1.973 1.198 Dec-III 1.002 1.004 1.255Jul-I 1.715 1.307 2.066 Jan-I 1.124 0.889 1.346Jul-II 1.008 1.331 0.89 Jan-II 1.033 1.773 1.209Jul-III 0.939 1.027 0.917 Jan-III 1.142 NA 1.528Aug-I 0.727 1.182 0.74 Feb-I 1.33 NA 1.547Aug-II 0.907 0.939 0.731 Feb-II 1.294 NA 1.491Aug-III 0.921 1.082 0.934 Feb-III 1.35 NA 1.52Sep-I 0.774 1.246 0.825 Mar-I 1.496 NA 1.657Sep-II 1.056 1.409 1.183 Mar-II 1.65 NA 1.966Sep-III 0.908 2.178 0.791 Mar-III 1.651 NA 1.76Oct-I 1.552 1.98 2.072 Apr-I 1.71 NA 1.67Oct-II 1.158 0.766 1.175 Apr-II 1.45 NA 1.455Oct-III 1.214 1.497 0.998 Apr-III 1.704 NA 1.63Nov-I 1.331 0.873 1.158 May-I 1.538 NA 1.45Nov-II 0.891 0.615 0.791 May-II 1.842 NA 1.317Nov-III 0.593 0.685 0.759 May-III 1.412 NA 1.404

MonthsCo-efficient of Variation

MonthsCo-efficient of Variation



A Comparison of these three figures also shows some similarity. The coefficient of

variation is very high in June and October in view of the uncertainty about the start

and withdrawal of the Indian summer monsoon. The variability is less during the rest

of the monsoon. The variability is very considerable during the Dec to May period,

and this is somewhat unexpected. Obviously, some effect of the North East monsoon,

and some pre-monsoon showers are causing such sudden variations in flow .This is

illustrated below for a few years for the Kantamal site.

A few Years showing some what unusual flow variation at Kantamal on Tel.

All Figures in Million Cubic Meters

Year---> 1985 1987 1994 1999Nov-I 1569.456 234.567 523.39 1106.307Nov-II 1946.34 222.40 2472.35 438.40Nov-III 900.20 536.77 1382.68 248.15Dec-I 1698.62 460.55 1019.32 371.81Dec-II 1224.21 192.70 593.30 708.54Dec-III 222.89 307.46 1654.01 737.16Jan-I 418.02 363.57 323.83 366.68Jan-II 157.82 608.28 476.93 355.09Jan-III 338.79 335.80 338.32 177.21Feb-I 177.25 96.39 223.06 148.63Feb-II 66.16 50.13 371.80 269.40Feb-III 73.55 36.40 229.12 142.93Mar-I 74.12 37.79 513.06 156.12Mar-II 61.27 41.82 159.98 145.74Mar-III 42.22 36.59 109.80 128.69Apr-I 28.27 16.13 71.88 104.60



Apr-II 25.22 60.09 94.88Apr-III 14.06 4.85 42.56 82.10May-I 28.38 2.95 42.93 77.41May-II 11.92 2.29 31.05 82.27May-III 7.10 1.12 21.47 76.14

The 10 daily river flows have a large auto correlation, due to the valley storage of

surface water, bank storage of ground water etc. This is an important property which

should be maintained in the series to be prepared for simulations. This auto

correlation between one ten day period and the next was investigated for all the three

sites. The results are shown below.



A comparision of this information about auto correlation shows that the auto

correlation is generaly low during the monsoon but is very high during the non

monsoon period, making the low flows in the Feb to Apr period almost deterministic,

dependent on the earlier flows .For the Sukma site, there are hardly any flows beyond

January, and also the data period is short. Perhaps due to these reasons, the auto

correlation for Sukma are some what erratic and do not fit with the other sites.

5.6 THE FLOW DURATION ANALYSIS AND INTER COMPARISION OF

FLOW AT THE THREE SITES

In general there are two ways in which the flow duration analysis can be done.

a) The flows or the specific flows for a period like a month, a season, or a year can

be added or clubed together and the flow duration analysis can be made for these

clubed values. For example, if the monsoon consists of 12 ten daily periods, and

20 years data is available, in this method the flow duration would be based on the

twenty clubed values.

b) In the second approach, each of the 10 daily figures would be used in constructing

the flow duration curve. Continue with example given in a) above, in this method,

the flow duration curve would use all the 240 values.

c) Apart from this difference in approach, another decision is about the period to be

used in preparing the flow duration. One has to decide if a separate curve is to be

prepared for each 10 day period, each month, each season or for the whole year.



In general, the approach at a) would be more relevant for storage project where the

storage is an element which clubs to gather the water receive.

The approach at b) would be more relevant for the diversion structure. We have used

both the approaches. Also, we have used the flow duration curves for comparing the

behavior of the three sites.

The flow data availability is already tabulated above. The data for all the three sites

are available for the period 1989-2002.

A plot showing the comparison of the specific flow for this period is shown below:

This Graph Seems to indicate that in the monsoon period ,the flows of the three sites

are some what similar. However, the flows in nonmonsoon are so low that graphical

comparision is becoming difficult.To over come this we have ploted same graph in

semilog format .For allowing the semilog plot, the Sukma values, where these are

zeros, have been replaced by 0.01 lit/s/sq.km. This is shown below.



Following the approach a) more relevant to storages, the seasonal comparison of

specific flows of the three sites are shown below:

percentilein specificflow(lit/s/s

q.km)

June to Sep Oct to Jan Feb to May

Kantamal Sukma Kesinga Kantamal Sukma Kesinga Kantamal Sukma Kesinga

0.1 77.94 87.47 84.87 15.68 4.19 19.49 4.03 0 7.360.2 70.14 58.21 76.89 11.34 3.87 10.24 3.3 0 5.640.3 58.97 50.08 64.11 8.71 3.26 7.9 1.2 0 2.540.4 51.55 43.21 51.63 6.99 2.93 6.76 0.46 0 0.480.5 42.81 35.05 43.36 5.55 2.4 5.12 0.3 0 0.350.6 34.51 31.79 36.6 4.56 2.29 3.77 0.3 0 0.240.7 27.92 23.48 30.49 3.77 1.66 3.41 0.21 0 0.190.8 25.25 18.75 25.86 3.41 0.63 2.68 0.19 0 0.10.9 17.61 8.91 16.89 2.03 0.13 1.66 0.13 0 0.07



percentile in specificflow(lit/s/sq.km)

Annual Flow(June to May)

Kantamal Sukma Kesinga

0.1 34.795 30.485 38.112

0.2 27.251 24.477 28.317

0.3 23.188 19.769 23.394

0.4 19.401 15.490 18.877

0.5 17.117 12.716 15.840

0.6 13.438 11.895 14.380

0.7 11.696 8.746 12.866

0.8 10.650 7.063 9.254

0.9 6.892 3.162 7.064



These figures clearly shows that the monsoon and annual specific flows of three sites

have very similar probabilities of exceedance, with the Sukma site showing slighty

lowers flows. The Sukma sites has a smaller catchment area, more comparbale with

the proposed dam catchment as compared to the other two sites.However, the Sukma

site is on another river Suktel, while Kantamal and Kesinga are on the same river on

which dam is proposed. On the overall, the use of Kantamal specific flows for

building up of the monsoon in flows at the dam site appeares to be a better

methodology.

The comparision of the exceedance probabilities for the Autumn winter season of Oct

to Jan tells a different story. While the specific flows of Kantamal and Kesinga are

comparable, the specific flows for Sukma are very much lower. These values, in

general, are ½ to 1/3 of the values for Kantamal and Kesinga.If this is due to the

Geology of the Sukma catchment, these properties may not be very relavant for the

proposed dam on Tel river. However if these reduction are due to smallness of the

catchment and the consequent absensce of the “in bank” storage in the alluviam,

these would be relavant to Tel dam. To get a better inside into these, we make



monthly comparision of the exceedance probabilities at these three sites, using the

methdology at “b)” described earlier. These are shown below.

10 Daily flow duration curve for Oct - Comparison between the three sites

Probability of Excedence Kantamal Sukma Kesinga

0.05 67.501 43.671 67.901

0.1 31.597 20.190 27.420

0.15 24.233 12.605 25.560

0.2 20.751 10.683 19.637

0.25 19.902 8.291 17.341

0.3 17.301 7.767 15.934

0.35 15.336 7.655 13.022

0.4 13.732 7.604 11.169

0.45 12.637 7.200 9.434

0.5 11.497 6.492 8.735

0.55 9.817 5.583 7.723

0.6 8.777 5.030 6.572

0.65 8.018 4.609 5.070

0.7 6.245 2.988 4.601

0.75 5.426 2.278 4.072

0.8 4.348 1.861 3.524

0.85 3.684 1.680 2.849

0.9 2.933 1.135 2.217

0.95 2.561 0.832 1.910



10Daily flow duration curve for Nov - Comparison between the three sites

Probability ofExcedence

Kantamal Sukma Kesinga

0.05 20.110 17.753 20.1720.1 14.573 12.242 17.2100.15 13.520 7.876 14.6870.2 12.121 7.650 12.6050.25 10.237 7.505 11.4740.3 9.447 6.608 10.1760.35 8.563 6.049 8.1760.4 7.721 4.417 6.2740.45 7.02

TEL INTEGRATED MULTIPURPOSE PROJECT, ODISHA...Tel Integrated Multipurpose Project Feasibility Report...

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