Tejas ppt 2

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Topic: INDIA SHINING Name: Tejas Pankajkumar Patel. Subject: Communication skills(110002) Enrl. No.: 120110111020

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Transcript of Tejas ppt 2

Page 1: Tejas ppt 2

Topic: INDIA SHINING

Name: Tejas Pankajkumar Patel.

Subject: Communication skills(110002)

Enrl. No.: 120110111020

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India Country:• The country's rulers have actively promoted this

nation. • Since the mid-1990s it was the BJP's favourite

theme, and even Hindutva was made subsidiary to this theme.

• Thus the 1998 nuclear tests – christened 'Operation Shakti' occasioned a great display of chauvinistic breast-beating.

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Facts of India: Let us recall some obvious facts. There is a yawning gap between India and the

developed world. According to the World Bank, India's Gross National

Product (GNP) in 2003 was $568 billion, compared to the US's $10.95 trillion.

India, with 17 per cent of the world's population, accounts for less than 1.7 per cent of the world's income.

Thus India's per capita GNP was $530, compared to the US's nearly $38,000.

Even South Korea's per capita GNP was over $12,000.

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Human Dev. Index

• The situation is far worse in terms of 'human development'.

• In the UN's Human Development Index, which claims to be a composite of various factors such as health, education, and income, India ranks 127th among 175 countries.

• India's under-five mortality rate per 1,000 live births is 93, that is, one in eleven children dies before the age of five.

• Its maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 live births is 540, compared to 56 for China and 380 for even Bangladesh.

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Levels of Hunger in India:No doubt, we are constantly told that poverty in India

is declining, and a great industry has sprung up of academic treatises to show how fast poverty is declining.

The official National Sample Survey of 2000 revealed that three-fourths of India's rural population and half the urban population did not get the minimum recommended calories.

This is confirmed by nutritional and health surveys, which reveal the following: more than two-fifths of the adult population suffer from chronic energy deficiency, and a large percentage are at the border of this condition; half India's women are anemic; half its children can be clinically defined as malnourished (stunted, wasting, or both).

"There is already a sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) within India – half of our rural population or over 350 million people are below the average food energy intake of SSA countries."

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Unemployment in India:

No doubt, one sector of the country's economy has seen breakneck growth in the past decade: the provision of software services and business process outsourcing services to foreign (principally US) firms.

However, that sector accounts for 0.25% of the labour force.

Where are the rest? Nearly half of India's total working-age population (15-59 years of age) is unemployed, most of it not even counted as part of the labour force.

While agriculture continues to employ the majority of those considered employed, it accounts for less than a quarter of the national income, and that share continues to shrink.

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Growth of India:The average rate of growth of agricultural

production during the past decade (1995-96 to 2004-05) is just 0.6 per cent per year , which means production fell sharply in per capita terms.

The growth rate of industrial production during the decade 1995-96 to 2004-05 was only marginally higher than during the 1980s

At any rate, India accounts for less than one per cent of world exports. 'High technology' goods constitute just five per cent of its exports.

Moreover, India's import bill currently is growing much faster than its export receipts: thus India's trade deficit rose from $15.4 billion in 2003-04 to $38.1 billion in 2004-05, and is running during just the first quarter of 2005-06 at nearly $16 billion.  

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Literacy in India:

The truth is that adult literacy in India is just 61 per cent; on this score, it ranks 146th out of 177 countries in the UN's Human Development Index .

In recent years, on the recommendation of the World Bank, the Indian government has focussed its meager education expenditures increasingly on primary education, largely abandoning secondary and higher education.

Yet official data tell us that 42% of children enrolled drop out before completing primary education (I-V) Another 19 %, according to official data, drop out  before completing upper primary education (VI-VIII).

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Education in India:Moreover, the quality of education imparted in

government schools is so dismal that half the children in Class IV in government schools in Mumbai cannot do the arithmetic calculations required of a Class I student.

When put to the test,18% of students attending Classes II to V in Andhra Pradesh couldn't do single-digit additions while only 12 per cent managed single-digit subtractions.

In a spot-the-object quiz, only 54 per cent got the results right.

Higher education, which the Government has

increasingly abandoned to a rapacious private sector, is out of the reach of all but a small section.

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According to the official publication Research and Development Statistics (2000-01, the latest edition), India's expenditure on R & D has been falling as a share of GDP, from 0.91% in 1987 to 0.81% in 1998.

According to official figures, 80% of R & D expenditure was carried out by the Government.

This was largely not for productive purposes, but for military purposes: 32% on direct military research, 21 % on space research (much of which actually serves the missile programme) and 12%on atomic energy.

Even allowing for some genuine space and atomic energy expenditures, at least half of R & D expenditure in India appears to be for military purposes.

About Research:

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Research Realities:

 

Researchers in R & D per million people

Patents granted to residents per million people

Receipts of royalties & license fees (US $ per person)

United States 4,526 302 $167.2

China 633 5 $0.1

India 120 0 $0.2

Source: Human Development Report 2005, U.N. Figures relate to most recent year for which data are available.

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Information Technology In India: India's much-vaunted Information Technology (IT)

sector is composed of two parts: the software sector, and the IT-enabled sector (ITES).

The biggest supply may be of BPO (business-process outsourcing) workers who do not need to use the telephone much: claims processors, credit-card administrators, health-insurance workers and so on.

Indian universities churn out 2.5 million graduates a year.

Perhaps a quarter to half of these have the right skills to do this sort of BPO work, says NASSCOM's president, Kiran Karnik.

To improve that ratio, he is working with India's University Grants Commission to have three-year degree courses supplemented by one-year technical certificates in IT or American accounting standards.

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Allocation for employment:

  2004-05 RE 2005-06 BE

Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana 45.90 36.00

National Food for Work (NFFW) Programme

18.18 54.00

Foodgrains component of NFFW* 22.02 56.00

Total 86.10 146.00

As % of GDP 0.28 0.42

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Agriculture Allocations:Agriculture & Allied Activities

1990-91 1.22%

2002-03 0.79%

Irrigation & Flood Control

1990-91 1.25%

2002-03 0.94%

RBI, Handbook of Statistics on State Government Finances, 2004; RBI, Handbook of Statistics on the Indian Economy, 2003-04.

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State Economies in TroubleGrant Loan to be raised

by states from the market

Total

Additional Central Assistance for Externally Aided Projects

5.87 34.00 39.87

Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme

-- 48.00 48.00

Accelerated Power Development

6.30 14.70 21.00

Urban Renewal Sub-mission for Slum Development

58.96 14.00 19.90

Urban Renewal Sub-mission for Urban Infrastructure & Transport

10.28 24.50 34.78

SOURCE: Union Budget, 2005-06

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DefenceThe official defence budget comes to Rs 969.52 billion

(including pensions); to this we should add border works, border roads, and half the budgets of the Department of Atomic Energy and the Department of Space (this is admittedly a very rough measure: the former is responsible for making nuclear weapons, the latter for the missile programme, but no separate provision is made for either of those two expensive programmes).

The total, the unofficial defence budget, would come to well over Rs 1,030 billion.

The figure would go even higher if we add the budgets of various security forces such as the Border Security Force.

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Military Expenditure:Ministry of Defence 15.00

Defence Pensions 124.52

Army 312.43

Navy 60.27

Air Force 90.05

Research & Devt 28.14

Capital Outlay 343.75

Total official defence budget* 969.52

Other military-related expenditure (Rs billion)

Indo-Bangladesh, Indo-Pak Border Works 12.15

Border Roads Development Board 11.49

Dept of Atomic Energy 49.96

Dept of Space 31.48

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