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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITIONIt gives the author and the editor immensepleasure in presenting the Second edition withall marked improvements over the previousone. Basically the main idea of publishing thismagazine is to create a sense of research andscience in the young technocrats. This is alsokept in mind that the way of lucidness is muchclear in approach. It covers articles-Biomedical, Solar, Embedded and many moreassociated fields. The author would also like tothank the readers(both teachers and students)who sent their valuable suggestions thatbecame the basis for the revision of thismagazine.
The author would also like to appreciate thesincere efforts and contribution made by hisstudent Praveen G Nair in presentation of thisnew form.
Lastly, but not the least, the author is thankfulto Rahul Sharma for bringing this magazine intime.
September,2014 Pradeep Kumar Jaisal
2
Research and
Development
Cell.The Research and Development cell
(SSIPMT) works to implement the
innovative ideas from the idea pool,
which are contributed by R & D cell
members. This cell performs a research
into challenges present around us in our
lives to come up with promising
solutions and to implement them.
This is the second edition and so We
expect this magazine would help you in
view of your technical mission. Any
mistake in the entire content is deeply
regreted.We welcome your opinions and
suggestions regarding the betterment of
this magazine. You can mail us regarding
any queries.
First edition- Jan 2014
Second Edition-Sep 2014
Mail to:
C/O Mr.Pradeep Jaisal,Head coordinator
Research and Development Cell.
EDITORIAL BOARDMr.Rahul Sharma
Mr.Rohit Nair
Ms.Aarchi Agrawal
Mr.Puru Agrawal
Ms.Srijani Biswas
PATRONS
Shri Nishant Tripathi, Chairman
SSIPMT,BOG (SGES)
Dr.M.L Dewangan,Director SSIPMT
Dr.Alok Jain,Principal SSIPMT
ADVISORY BOARD
MEMBERS
Prof.Pankaj Mishra,HOD,ET Dept.
Mr.Pradeep Jaisal,Asst.Prof.ET Dept
Mr.Piyush Mishra,Asst.Prof.ET Dept.
Mr.Dharmendra Singh,Asst.Prof.ET
TECHNICAL PANEL
Mr.Shailesh Prajapati,Technician
Mr.Vinod Sahu,Technician
EDITOR
Mr. Praveen G Nair
PUBLICITY
Mr.Hemant Khushwaha
Md.Anwar khan
Ms.Ashwani Santawani
Ms.Nausheen Khan
Ms.Aishwarya Bondre
Mr.Vivek Verma
Mr.Akshyat Tapayksh
3
Message from the Desk
Research Articles
Innov-it Now
Know IT tools
Puzzle time
Gallery
“The secret to creativity is knowing how to hide your
sources”
-Albert Einstein
4
ME
SSA
GE
“Technology is a
revolutionary
tool,having the power
to construct and
destruct.Thus science is
what a student needs
for constructing a life”Dr.M.L Dewangan
Director,SSIPMT
Shri Nishant Tripathi
Chairman,SSIPMT
BOG (SGES)
“A fruit laden tree
always bows
downwards. We
want the trees,
nurtured by us, to
be rich and
qualitative. Humility
and empathy need
to be cultivated.
And, this is our
ultimate aim”.
Dr.Alok Jain
Principal,SSIPMT
“Innovation is
what every field
expect from a
technocrat,and
we live in a
society totally
dependent on
science and
technology”
5
Research
Articles
6
EOG is a recording technique that allows the standing potential
between the cornea and the posterior pole of the eye to be recorded.
The whole process of measurement of EOG is known as
Electrooculography. This gives a review on Electrooculography and
its use in various HCI systems. Detection of eye blinks from EOG
signal has also been included in this review work Using electro-
oculography (EOG), two types of eye-gaze interfaces have been
developed; "EOG Pointer" and "EOG Switch". The former enables a
user to move a computer cursor or to control a machine using only
eye-gaze, regardless of drifting signal and blinking artifacts. In
contrast, the latter output an ON/OFF signal only. Although it has the
least simple function, it enables every user easily to turn ON/OFF a
nurse-call device or to send one bit signal to a personal computer
with high stability and reliability.
The EOG Pointer consists of three modules; an EOG recording unit,
a signal processor and a display unit . Disposable solid-gel electrodes
connected to pinch-clip leads were attached to the right and left
temples of a subject and to the forehead as a reference . Set a
biopotential amplifier as DC mode, the EOG was amplified, and
sampled to a computer through 12-bits analog I/O board with 200 Hz
sampling frequency. Using EOG data that was collected by the EOG
recording unit, the signal processor computes the direction of the
user's eye gaze after the certain calibration mentioned shortly. A
pointer on a computer monitor was then displayed to show the user's
eye-gazing point in real time. At this moment, the individual's head
was fixed into a chin-rest stabilizing apparatus because head
movement leads to recording artifact. However, we have
incorporated a head motion capturing system into the EOG Pointer,
and it has become successful to allow for greater freedom of
movement for the subject . 7
The above trials demonstrated how the EOG Pointer was useful as aneye-gaze interface if drifting signal and blinking artifacts wereproperly handled. The clinical trials of the EOG Pointer, however,reached the different conclusion. Subjects in the clinical trial, whosuffered from ASL or muscular dystrophy, were not so interested incursor control. Although the EOG Pointer has higher reliability, manyof subjects needed something more reliable and simple. Probably thisis the case of “Less is More” slogan . According to this slogan, everysingle element in a user interface places some additional burden onthe user in terms of having to consider whether to use that element.Having fewer options will often mean better usability because theusers can concentrate on understanding those fewer options. TheEOG Pointer is relatively simple and reliable comparing to other eye-gaze interfaces, it is still redundant for patients in a real world.Therefore, my research group switched our design concept to developthe simple version of the EOG Pointer, called “EOG Switch”.
Reviewed by:
Neha Chhabda
IT Batch 2011
Member R&d Cell
SSIPMT,Raipur.D
Do you know- Flame, a malware
that attacks computers using
Microsoft Windows, is discovered.
Flame also has a kill command,
wiping out all traces of it from the
computer.
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7 hidden features
1).Your Omni box is a Calculator
Omni box in Google Chrome
As you may or may not know, Google will calculate basic math in thesearch bar. However, did you know that you can access a similar mathfunction in your omnibox without ever going to Google.com? Just type ina basic math problem and the correct answer will appear in thesuggestions below the omnibox without pressing enter (as you have todo on Google.com).
2).Your Omni box Is a Unit Converter
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Your omnibox can also perform Google-like unit conversions without going toGoogle. As with the calculator, the correct answer will appear in the suggestionsbelow without ever hitting enter. As you type, Chrome will automaticallyconvert your number into a unit that you may or may not want. So, if you type"9 inches," Chrome may automatically suggest conversion rate to centimeters.
3) A Simple Image Browser
Have you ever been organizing your computer and come across some jpeg andyou have no idea what it is or how it got on your computer? Well if you justwant to see what it is real quick, you can just drag it directly into your Chromebrowser window and take a quick gander.
4) Drag to search
Why CROME?
In design terminology, ‘chrome’ refers to the non-webpage parts of the browser's interface–
–the toolbars, tabs and buttons. This is part of the reason ‘Chrome’ was chosen as the
browser name.
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Highlighting a word and performing a drag and drop is fundamentally the same asperforming a cut and paste, so it stands to reason that you could just highlight aword or phrase and drag it into the omnibox to perform a Web search.
5) Navigate Up and Down Using Key Commands
You can use the spacebar to scroll down on any webpage, and you can scroll back up by pressing Shift and the spacebar.
6) Open Accidentally Closed Tabs
Have you ever mistakenly closed a tab? We all have. BUT thankfully Chrome is aforgiving browser and makes it possible to get it all back. All you have to do is pressControl-Shift-T (Command-Shift-T on a Mac) and Chrome will reopen any recentlyclosed tabs.
7)A Lot of Information Hidden in That Omnibox
You may have also noticed on the far left of your omnibar a little icon thatresembles a folded piece of paper or lock (to signify a secured site). If you click onit, it will prompt a window with all sorts of information about the site as well aspermissions particular to that site, which you can then manipulate.
Reviewed by:
Shubhankar MukherjeeCSE Batch -2011
SSIPMT,Raipur
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Carbon Nanotubes-
A Wonder Technology
Overview:
In today’s world of practical applications we are familiar with the fact that carbon nanotubes
(CNTs) have the potential to be a wonder technology.
They take the form of cylindrical carbon molecules and have novel properties that make
them potentially useful in a wide variety of applications in nanotechnology, electronics,
optics and other fields of materials science. They exhibit extraordinary strength and unique
electrical properties, and are efficient conductors of heat.
Basically there are two distinct kinds of nanotubes :
• Single wall (SWNT)
•Multi wall (MWNT)
A CNT is a seamless cylinder of either one or many layers of graphene, or in simple words
they are a nano structure just like a drinking straw. Hence are the term single or multi wall.
Typically, MWNTs are being used in practical applications. SWNTs are mostly are much
more expensive, although they hold out huge potential for the future. MWNTs has proved
out to be a huge success because of its worldwide commercial production capacity
presently exceeds several thousand tons per year. According to the data provided by
Cambridge University’s institute of manufacturing. What makes CNTs distinctive in its
properties are its features as they are ideal for supporting different kinds of structures – for
example, in sports equipments, in rockets, airplanes, heavy vehicles, body armour and
building materials, where they are being widely used. The nanotubes create networks within
a composite material to bear the load of the weight and strain placed upon it. CNTs are
quiet well established in their addition to polymer composites to enhance stiffness and
improve damping.
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With enhancement in technology we are moving towards an era of flexible electronics
where CNTs has infinite potential to bring revolution. They are also used in the field of
medical science and bionics.Coming towards the single walled nanotubes (SWNTs).These
are quite different in properties as compared to the MWNTs. The use of SWNTs is less but
surprisingly progress is now happening with SWNTs, with UK company Thomas Swan
being a world leader in making SWNTs with its “Elicarb material”, now being used in areas
like advanced composites, electronic devices. Moving forward we find that these tubes are
replacing the traditional silicon computers. One of the interesting things happening is the
improvement in computer simulations of how CNTs are synthesized, which will hopefully
enable us to tweak the fabrication process.Because the nanotubes are long and thin, they
have high Vander Walls forces between them and stick together. These can be separated
using ultrasound waves. But this may damagethem. But overall there are immense use of
CNTs. There properties include a thermal conductivity higher than diamond, a much more
greater mechanical strength than steel –orders of magnitude by weight and better electrical
conductivity than copper.There is immense to talk about this wonderful technology. And, in
a few years time, billions of carbon nanotubes may be on our desks and in our pockets.
Lighter-Body-Armor-for-
Soldiers-Made-of-Carbon-
Nanotubes.
Reviewed by;
Khyati GhaiET Batch 2012
SSIPMT,Raipur13
Voice Activated Mobile
CalculatorABSTRACT:
The technology that is available in this present era in a mobile calculator is
of the form of typing each and every digit to obtain result. This method of
typing may cause human errors and this may lead to time consumption. In
this paper we address several issues that are imperative to mobile
calculation. We address these issues by embedding the upcoming
technology. This facilitates a new form of human -mobile interaction. We
embedded a voice recognition system in the mobile phone which will
recognize the human commands for operations and performs calculation.
This capability leads to a new form of synergy between human and mobile.
Reviewed by
Srijani Biswas
IT Batch 2011
Research & Development Cell,SSIPMT
14
Voice recognition systemA microphone for receiving audible
inputs consisting of numbers and
operative words and converting said
audible inputs to electric signals. A
speech analyzer is coupled to
microphone for converting electrical
signals from microphone into digital
words. An electronic memory
representing the numbers and operative
words. An electronic comparator is
coupled to speech analyzer for
receiving digital words and for
comparing digital words to digitized
words stored in electronic memory
comparator. Processing means
controlling the comparison of each
digital words to digitized words such
that comparator produces a digital
number corresponding to an address
location in electronic memory for a
digitized word that matches a digital
word generated by speech analyzer.
Execution means for executing said
audible inputs and displaying the result
on display screen.The microphone
reacts to the words uttered by the
persons which are in the form of
analog signal. The microphone
converts the analog signal into the
electrical signal. The voice
recognition system connected to the
microphone is constructed in such a
way that the signal produced by the
microphone representing certain
operation command(such as “one”,
“two”, “add”, “multiply”, etc) is
converted into digital pulses. The voice
recognition system response to
selective words only. The comparator
is connected with the memory by
means of bus. In the memory
location a group of digital words are
stored, with each group
corresponding with a word,
registered by a program and present
in a digital shape, word representing
one of operation command
mentioned. The comparator is used
to compare the output of the voice
recognition system which are in the
digital shape and the words stored in
the memory location which is also in
the form of digital form. If they
match that word is taken by the
processor as a input and perform
calculations according to the input
given and produces the result which
will display on the screen.
By this means, the time consumption
for pressing the numbers will be
reduced. The manual process also
decreases and thus it decreases the
human strain.
15
Thermoelectric Generators Turning Waste Heat into Usable Electrical Energy
In the present global
situation,energy conservation is of
utmost importance. Keeping
Newton’s Third law in mind i.e
“Energy can neither be created nor
destroyed;it can only be
transformed from one form to
another”,One option that
prominently comes into picture
now a days is “Waste Heat to
Power”.Waste heat from power
generation plants is being used for
further power generation for quite
some time now,but there are some
additional materials which generate
power due to some material
phenomenon,These materials are
called ‘Thermoelectric Materials’
and the phenomenon on which
these materials work is “Seebeck
Effect”.
Seebeck Effect/Thermoelectric
Effect
In 1821,Thomas John Seebeck, a
German physicist,discovered that a
thermal gradient formed between
two dissimilar conductors
produces a voltage.The
temperature difference between
two conducting materials results in
heat flow; this results in diffusion
of charge carriers.The flow of
charge carriers between hot and
cold junction in turn generates a
voltage which can be stored in a
battery.The thermoelectric
materials form ‘Thermoelectric
generators’, or TEGs
16
How do TEGs Actually work?
TEGs depend upon a temperature
difference to generate power.One side
of TEG needs to be hot and the other
to be cold.This temperature difference
makes the electrons on the “hot” side
vibrate more vigorously so they tend
to move towards the colder side
where the electrons are moving more
slowly.This gives rise to a current that
can be tapped off as electricity.TEGs
produce a current proportional to
temperature difference provided.
The basic arrangement for a
TEG (Basically a Seebeck
effect demonstration)
Reviewed by:
Praveen G Nair
ET&T Batch 2011
Member IEEE
Research & Development Cell,SSIPMT
Domestic Application
17
N
O
w
INN V- It
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Abstract:A growing need of modern energy is
alternarive fossil fuel or souce of
energy.A bio battery is an energy
storing device that is powered by
organic compounds.Bio –battery
generates electricity from renewable
fuels (glucose,Sucrose,fructose etc)
providing a sustained,on-demand
portable power source.When
enzymes in our body break down
glucose,several elctrons and protons
are released.Therefore,by using
enzymes to break down glucose,bio
batteries directly receive energy
from glucose.These batteries then
store this energy for later use.
This concept is almost identical to
how both plants and many animals
obtain energy.
Construction:To make this, an anode which is a
plastic coated copper wire attached
to a strip of carbon felt.The wire/felt
junction is then liberally covered in
epoxy to minimize contzct between
metal and the electrolyte.Finally,a
layer of polyurethane is coated on
the conducting paint layer and
allowed to air-dry for 24 hrs,forming
a water proof membrane on the
cathode.This external,electrically
conductive layer serves as an air
cathode.A 22 guage titanium wire is
tightly wrapped around each pot to
connect the cathode to an external
circuit.
Bio-Battery
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Operation:The anodes of the bio batteries are
inoculated with electrically active
bacteria(EAB) present in an
electrolyte solution taken from an
existing microbial fuel cell which
itself had been enriched for
electrically acive bacteria present
within the top 20cm layer of
sediment.Anode and cathode
potential of theterracotta bio battery
at different currents are obtained by
also varying the resistance across the
battery.
Applications:Bio batteries are environmentally
friendly as they don’t use harmful
chemicals or metals.Scientists seem
to be exploroing every possible
option in bio-battery and fuel cell
technology.Portable charging(Cell
phone and solider powder),Medical
implant(Insulin,pace maker),Toys
and greeting cards,Disaster
relief(Generators and remote
powder) are some of the
applications.
Reviewed By:
Rohit Nair
IEEE Student Coordinator
ET&T Batch 2011
Reserch and Development Cell
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Do it Your Self:
Stirling EngineRecently Stirling engines are
talked about widely to convert
low grade heat to rotary motion
and finally in to electricity.It can
work on even temperature
difference of human body and
atmosphere.With this you can
imagine what would be the
potential of such instruments.All
we need to make it at home is
scrap and some basic tools.
1)Take two coke cans and cut
itfrom bottom and also cut the
inner lid of top portion.Make it
burr free.
2)The Diaphragm is made up of
balloon with cut neck.Spread the
balloon around the top cut
section of the coke tin.Put a
square inch rubber piece and glue
it on the balloon.
Pierce a hole at the centre for a
displacer(piston) wire.put the pin
till the wireis placed in the hole to
make it apparently air tight.
3)Take a piece of bottle cap and
drill a hole exactly opposite on
the collar and cut the piece in
curved shape.
4)Now take the balloon wrapped
tin and reverse the diagraphragm
on the inner ring so that the pins
points outside the tin and the
rubber piece glued initially goes
inside.Now apply glue on the
periphery of the tin to fix the
balloon.
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5)Now take asimilar cane and drill
hole at the upper side of the can
and cutawindow for inside view of
appropriate size.
6) Now take two electrical
connectors and a stiff copper
wire.And make a arrangement as
shown in the crank picture.
7) Now take two spoke bearing
which you can get in bike shop
and try to put the wire used for
crank arrangement inside the
holes.If doesn’t fit then drill the
hole of fitting size.Now make a
displacer with wire mesh wrap by
putting a wire string at the centre
of the hole.Put this displacer
arrangement in side the bottom
cut in.Now take the cut bottom
cut portion of the tin and put it
inverted in the tin where the
displacer arrangement is put
up.Make sure the balloon is on
the opposite side of this newly
added portion.
8) Now make a push rod which
connects balloon diaphragm to
the crank.The push rod can be
made as shown in push rod figure
9) Now its time to make a
flywheel.usually CD can be useful
for such application.You can take a
wooden brush fitted into the CD
hole centred at the crank middle
wirecomming out of the tin.(refer
point 8).
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10)Now take the last can which will be a bit bigger than coke tin and
cut it in two half with small drills on the bottom.Fix the previous
assembly into the newly cut can.This can acts as the heat distributer
for the arrangement.Now your Engine is ready.
Basic Concept:
It is based on the stirling engine which has the closest efficiency to
carnot as claimed.
Applications:
Numerous applications mainly related to the low grade heat
utlilization,like mentioned earlier even tempereature difference of
human palm and atmosphere can run the engine.Major applications
are direct utilization in many non conventional systems like thermal
gasifiers,Solar heating equipments,waste heat in many power plants
can be easily trapped for the power generation again.
23
Energy AuditWhat and how?
Energy audit is the initial activity towards instituting
a comprehensive energy management program in an
enterprise or establishment or a facility-be it
industry,office,a building or home. Energy Audit can
be termed as a formal,in-depth review of a facility
undertaken as a professional study by competent
specialists in the field of energy, to develop and
evaluate ideas for improving energy
efficiency.Energy audit should be done by non-
experts,in a casual way with inaccurate data
collection,incomplete analysis and vague
recommendations.
-Mr.Pradeep Jaisal
Asst.Professor ET Dept.
Research and Development Head
SSIPMT.
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Know tools Apache Hadoop is an open-source software framework for
storage and large-scale processing of data-sets on clusters ofcommodity hardware. Hadoop is an Apache top-levelproject being built and used by a global community ofcontributors and users.It is licensed under the ApacheLicense 2.0.
The Apache Hadoop framework is composed of the followingmodules:
Hadoop Common – contains libraries and utilities needed by otherHadoop modules.
Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) – a distributed file-systemthat stores data on commodity machines, providing very highaggregate bandwidth across the cluster.
Hadoop YARN – a resource-management platform responsible formanaging compute resources in clusters and using them forscheduling of users' applications.
Hadoop MapReduce – a programming model for large scale dataprocessing.
All the modules in Hadoop are designed with a fundamentalassumption that hardware failures (of individual machines, orracks of machines) are common and thus should be automaticallyhandled in software by the framework. Apache Hadoop'sMapReduce and HDFS components originally derived respectivelyfrom Google's MapReduce and Google File System (GFS) papers.
YARN stands for "Yet Another Resource Negotiator" and wasadded later as part of Hadoop 2.0. YARN takes the resourcemanagement capabilities that were in MapReduce and packagesthem so they can be used by new engines. This also streamlinesMapReduce to do what it does best, process data. With YARN,you can now run multiple applications in Hadoop, all sharing acommon resource management.
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SAP HANA, shortly"High-Performance Analytic Appliance"
is an in-memory, column-oriented, relational database
management system developed and marketed by SAP SE. It is
massively parallel, thus exploiting the maximum out of
multicore processors and subsequently enabling very fast
query execution. In 2008, teams from SAP SE working
with Hasso Plattner Institute and Stanford
University demonstrated an application architecture for real-
time analytics and aggregation, mentioned as "Hasso's New
Architecture" in SAP executive Vishal Sikka's blog. Before the
name HANA settled in, people referred to this product as
New Database. In January 2013, SAP enterprise resource
planning software from its Business Suite was announced for
HANA, and became available by May.In May 2013, a software
as a service offering called the HANA Enterprise Cloud
service was announced.
SAP HANA converges database and application platform
capabilities in-memory to transform transactions, analytics,
text analysis, predictive and spatial processing so businesses
can operate in real-time.
The SAP HANA database configuration enables answering
queries in seconds and can even execute parallel searches
simultaneously, thus this technology has now become a
breakthrough.
The developers of HANA were SAP SE (Systems
Applications Products in Data Processing) which is a
European multinational software corporation that
makes enterprise software to manage business operations and
customer relations. Headquartered in Walldorf, Baden-
Württemberg, Germany, with regional offices around the
world.
HANA declared the stable release on May 31,2014.
Visit www.saphana.com for more reference26
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IEEE Student Branch
Inauguration and Launch of
“TECHNOMANTRA”.
HALL Of FAME
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GALLERY
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Aarohan Tech Fest 2014
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