TERM PAPER IIISubmitted by : BIPIN SINGH

MECHANICAL A 130106051

Submitted to: ASST. PROFESSOR K.K DUBEY

TECHNOLOGY USED FOR STORAGE OF LIQUID HYDROGEN

INTRODUCTION Liquid hydrogen (LH2 or LH2) is the liquid state of the element hydrogen. Hydrogen

is found naturally in the molecular H2 form. Molar mass : 2.02 g·mol−1.

It’s a colorless liquid Density : 70.85 g/L Melting: −259.14 °C (14.01 K; −434.45 °F) Boiling point : −252.87 °C (20.28 K; −423.17 °F)

LIQUID HYDROGEN• To exist as a liquid, H2 must be cooled below hydrogen's critical point of 33 K• Liquid hydrogen is typically used as a concentrated form of hydrogen storage. • However, the liquid density is very low compared to other common fuels• Liquid hydrogen consists of 99.79% parahydrogen, 0.21% orthohydrogen.• It can be used in modern vehicles.• It can be used as the fuel storage in an internal combustion engine or fuel cell.• Various submarines and concept hydrogen vehicles have been built using this form

of hydrogen.

LIQUID HYDROGEN STORAGE SYSTEMS

Liquid hydrogen requires cryogenic storage and boils around 20.268K (-252.882 C or -423.188 F).

Its liquefaction imposes a large energy loss (as energy is needed to cool it down to that temperature)

The tanks must also be well insulated to prevent boil off but adding insulation increase cost.

Liquid hydrogen has less energy density by volume and hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline by approximately a factor of four.

LIQUID HYDROGEN STORAGE SYSTEMS Liquid hydrogen storage is currently the bulk hydrogen storage medium

of choice and has a very impressive safety record. The hydrogen is typically liquefied at the production site in large

quantities (10-30 tons per day) and trucked cross country in 11,000 gal LH2 tankers with no boil off losses.

The energy requirement of liquefaction are high typically 30% of the hydrogen heating value, leading to relatively high hydrogen cost as compared to gaseous hydrogen.

LH2 will likely remain the main technique of bulk, stationary hydrogen storage for the foreseeable future.

HYDROGEN STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES Current on-board hydrogen storage approaches involves:1. compressed hydrogen gas tanks2. liquid hydrogen tanks3. cryogenic compressed hydrogen,4. metal hydrides5. high-surface-area adsorbents6. chemical hydrogen storage materials

The storage system includes1. the tank2. storage media3. safety system4. valves, regulators5. piping6. mounting brackets7. insulation8. added cooling capacity9. and any other balance-of-plant components.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

LOHC TECHNOLOGY INGENIOUS HYDROGEN STORAGE LOHC technology offers a solution for the so-far unresolved challenge of safe and

reliable storage of hydrogen. Hydrogen is not only a standard gas in industry, it is often considered to be the energy carrier of the future and in contrary to the handling of a fugacious and flammable gas, the storage of hydrogen in liquid LOHC materials is a break-through on the path towards a clean hydrogen economy.

Due to their Diesel-like nature LOHCs can be transported and distributed in the existing infrastructure for mineral-oil based fuels. They are stored in and vice versa released from the LOHC compound by catalytic hydrogenation and dehydrogenation processes.

LOHC STORAGE PROCESS

INDISTRIAL HYDROGEN

HYDROGEN FROM RENEWABLE ENERGIES

H2

H2

H2

H2

H2

LOHC STORAGE PROCESS

HYDROGEN GENERATION Renewable hydrogen: produced from renewable energies via electrolysis

– which will be integrated into the LOHC system by Hydrogenous Technologies if required

Industrial hydrogen: produced by steam reforming or similar LOHC HYDROGENATION Chemical bonding of hydrogen molecules to the liquid carrier via a

catalytic reaction @ 50 bar pressure Exothermal process with 10kWh (th.) / kg H2 usable heat @ 150 °C Reactor design allows for a continuous hydrogenation process.

  LIQUID ORGANIC HYDROGEN CARRIER (LOHC) – OUR STORAGE

MEDIUM No molecular hydrogen stored Storage medium dibenzyltoluene – liquid organic hydrocarbon Liquid state in a broad temperature range between -39°C to 390°C

and ambient pressure Low flammability and non-explosive – even when loaded with

hydrogen Non-toxic and not classified as dangerous good Fully reversible loading and unloading of LOHC material possible No evaporation of stored hydrogen – multi-month storage possible

without any losses Easy storage and transport in commercially available diesel-tanks

possible

APPLICATIONS:

THANKYOU